[1] ‘Tidal forest’ is otherwise called :
A.
Evergreen forest
B.
Monsoon forest
C.
Mangrove forest
D.
Coniferous forest
Ans:
Mangrove forest
Explanation :
Tidal forest is also called Mangrove forest.
[2] Vergreen type Forests are found in –
A.
Mediterranean region
B.
Monsoon climatic area
C.
Desert region
D.
Equatorial region
Ans:
Equatorial region
Explanation :
An evergreen forest is a forest consisting entirely or mainly of evergreen trees that retain green foliage all year round. Such forests reign in the equatorial region, between the tropics primarily as broadleaf evergreens, and in temperate and boreal latitudes primarily as coniferous evergreens.
[3] The maximum biodiversity is found in –
A.
Tropical rain forests
B.
Temperate forests
C.
Coniferous forests
D.
Arctic forest
Ans:
Tropical rain forests
Explanation :
Most of the terrestrial diversity is found in tropical rainforests. As per an estimation, these forests account for around 40% to 75% of all biotic species and are home to half of all the living animal and plant species on the planet. A single hectare of rainforest may contain 42,000 different species of insect, up to 807 trees of 313 species and 1,500 species of higher plants.
[4] In forests, trees shed their leaves in a particular season.
A.
evergreen
B.
mangrove
C.
deciduous
D.
thorny
Ans:
deciduous
Explanation :
Deciduous means "falling off at maturity" or “tending to fall off'. It is typically used in order to refer to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally most commonly during autumn and to the shedding of other plant structures such as petals after flowering or fruit when ripe. Common examples of deciduous trees include oak, maple, and hickory trees.
[5] All the ecosystems taken together in a geographical area form a bigger unit called:
A.
biosphere
B.
territory
C.
biome
D.
community
Ans:
biome
Explanation :
Biome is a large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna adapted to the particular conditions in which they occur. For example, Tundra region.
[6] Soil formed by leaching and oxidation is –
A.
Black soil
B.
Laterite soil
C.
Red soil
D.
Montane soil
Ans:
Laterite soil
Explanation :
Laterisation is a form of chemical weathering that involves oxidation, carbonation and leaching. This natural process results in the formation of Laterite soils.
[7] Soil which is prone to intensive leaching due to rain is called-
A.
Laterite
B.
Black
C.
Alluvial
D.
Red
Ans:
Laterite
Explanation :
Leaching refers to the loss of water-soluble plant nutrients from the soil, due to rain and irrigation. Laterite soils are formed soils under conditions of high temperature and heavy rainfall with alternate wet and dry periods. They are leached and are, thus, less fertile.
[8] The smallest ocean is :
A.
Atlantic
B.
Pacific
C.
Indian
D.
Arctic
Ans:
Arctic
Explanation :
The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five ocean basins. With an area of about 5.4 million square miles, the Arctic Ocean is about 1.5 times as big as the United States. It is bordered by Greenland, Canada, Norway, Alaska, and Russia. It is almost completely covered with ice for the majority of the year.
[9] All vital atmospheric processes leading to various climatic and weather conditions take place in the :
A.
Stratosphere
B.
Troposphere
C.
Ionosphere
D.
Exosphere
Ans:
Troposphere
Explanation :
Troposphere, that extends up to a height of 12 km on an average from the surface of the earth, is the locale of all the vital atmospheric processes which create the climatic and weather conditions on the earth's surface. About half of the mass of air comprising the entire atmosphere is concentrated in this zone. This is the lowermost layer of the atmosphere.
[10] The term "Doab" means –
A.
a land between two mountains
B.
a land between two lakes
C.
a land between two rivers
D.
a land between two seas
Ans:
a land between two rivers
Explanation :
Doab is a term used in India and Pakistan for the "tongue," or tract of land lying between two converging, or confluent, rivers. It is similar to an interfluve. In the Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, R. S. McGregor defines it as "a region lying between and reaching to the confluence of two rivers (esp. that between the Ganges and Jumna).
[11] A spinning neutron star is known as –
A.
White dwarf
B.
Black hole
C.
Pulsar
D.
Quasar
Ans:
Pulsar
Explanation :
Pulsars are spinning neutron stars that have jets of particles moving almost at the speed of light streaming out above their magnetic poles. These jets produce very powerful beams of light.
[12] When the moon completely covers the sun, it is known as –
A.
the Antumbra
B.
the Umbra
C.
the Penumbra
D.
None of these
Ans:
the Umbra
Explanation :
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon crosses the path between the sun and the earth. The darkest shadow (where the sun is completely covered) is called the umbra. The umbra is narrow at the distance of the Earth, and a total eclipse is observable only within the narrow strip of land or sea over which the umbra passes. The partial shadow is called the penumbra.
[13] The planet revolving east to west is –
A.
Venus
B.
Uranus
C.
Neptune
D.
Pluto
Ans:
Venus
Explanation :
Like the other planets in our solar system, Venus rotates about its axis. However, Venus is the only planet that rotates from east to west instead of west to east. This means, that if we lived on Venus, the Sun would appear to rise in the west in the morning, and set in the east in the evening. Venus rotates in what is called retrograde motion.
[14] The planet emitting green light is –
A.
Jupiter
B.
Venus
C.
Uranus
D.
Neptune
Ans:
Uranus
Explanation :
The atmosphere of Uranus is composed of 83% hydrogen, 15% helium, 2% methane and small amounts of acetylene and other hydrocarbons. Methane in the upper atmosphere absorbs red light, giving Uranus its blue-green colour.
[15] The light from the Sun reaches the Earth in about—
A.
8 seconds
B.
8 minutes
C.
10 seconds
D.
10 minutes
Ans:
8 minutes
Explanation :
Light travels at 186,000 miles a second at the Earth is 93 million miles to Sun on average. This works out as 8.33 minutes for light from the Sun to reach Earth. On average, it takes energy between 10,000 and 170,000 years to leave the sun's interior and then be emitted from the surface as light. Sunlight, in the broad sense, is the total frequency spectrum of electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, particularly infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light. On Earth, sunlight is filtered through the Earth's atmosphere, and is obvious as daylight when the Sun is above the horizon.
[16] Trees are leafless for a shorter or longer season of the year in:
A.
Evergreen forest
B.
Mangrove forest
C.
Scrub jungle forest
D.
Deciduous forest
Ans:
Deciduous forest
Explanation :
Deciduous means “falling of at maturity" or "tending to fall off”, and is typically used in reference to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally, and to the shedding of other plant structures such as petals after flowering or fruit when ripe. In a more general sense, deciduous means the dropping of a part that is no longer needed, or falling away after its purpose is finished.
[17] The area reserved for the welfare of wild life Is called –
A.
Sanctuary
B.
Forest
C.
National Park
D.
Botanical garden
Ans:
National Park
Explanation :
A National Park is an area which is strictly reserved for the welfare of wildlife and where activities such as forestry, grazing or cultivation are not allowed. Private ownership, rights and habitat, manipulation arc not permitted in a national park. There are 103 national parks in India covering an area of 40,500 km2, which is 1.23% of the geographical area of the country.
[18] There is a need to keep larger area under forests for –
A.
absorption of carbon dioxide
B.
protecting wildlife
C.
raising precipitation
D.
geological balance
Ans:
absorption of carbon dioxide
Explanation :
Forests are considered as sinks of carbon dioxide. A carbon sink is anything that absorbs more carbon that it releases, whilst a carbon source is anything that releases more carbon than is absorb. It is for this reason that they are indispensable in the present global scenario marked by increasing global warming and climate change.
[19] Which one of the following methods of soil conservation is most effective in arid areas?
A.
Mulching
B.
Shelter belt
C.
Gully plugging
D.
Terracing
Ans:
Shelter belt
Explanation :
In arid zones, the harsh conditions of climate and the shortage of water are intensified by the strong winds. Living conditions and agricultural production can often be improved by planting trees and shrubs in protective windbreaks and s-helterbelts which reduce wind velocity and provide shade. Windbreaks and shelterbelts, which are considered synonymous in this manual, are barriers of trees or shrubs that are planted to reduce wind velocities and, as a result, reduce evapo-transpiration and prevent wind erosion; they frequently provide direct benefits to agricultural crops, resulting in higher yields, and provide shelter to livestock, grazing lands, and farms.
[20] Which one of the following does not cause soil erosion?
A.
Deflation
B.
Deforestation
C.
Weathering
D.
Overcropping
Ans:
Deflation
Explanation :
Deflation is a decline in general price-levels, often caused by a reduction in the supply of money or credit. Deflation can also be brought about by direct contractions in spending, either in the form of a reduction in government spending, personal spending or investment spending. Deflation has often had the side effect of increasing unemployment in an economy, since the process often leads to a lower level of demand in the economy.
[21] The deepest surface depression on the earth is –
A.
Kurile Trench
B.
Mariana Trench
C.
Tonga-Kermadec Trench
D.
Bentley Subglacial
Ans:
Mariana Trench
Explanation :
The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, to the east of the Mariana Islands. The trench is about 2,550 kilometres long but has an average width of only 69 kilometres. It reaches a maximum-known depth of 10.994 km at the Challenger Deep.
[22] The coastal part of water bodies of the oceans which is structurally part of the mainland of the continents is called the-
A.
Isthmus
B.
Oceanic ridge
C.
Continental shelf
D.
Continental slope
Ans:
Continental shelf
Explanation :
The continental shelf is the extended perimeter of each continent and associated coastal plain. The shelf usually ends at a point of increasing slope (called the shelf break). The sea floor below the break is the continental slope. Below the slope is the continental rise, which finally merges into the deep ocean floor the abyssal plain.
[23] Which one of the following is not a cold ocean current?
A.
California
B.
Oyashio
C.
Kuroshio
D.
Ganaries
Ans:
Kuroshio
Explanation :
The Kuroshio is a north-flowing warm ocean current on the west side of the North Pacific Ocean. It is similar to the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic, transporting warm, tropical water northward towards the polar region and is part of the North Pacific ocean gyre.
[24] Atmospheric pressure exerted on earth is due to :
A.
rotation of earth
B.
revolution of earth
C.
gravitational pull
D.
uneven heating of earth
Ans:
gravitational pull
Explanation :
The atmosphere is made up of gasses. Gasses are physical substances, and all physical substance has weight. The atmosphere is 25 miles thick, and that 25 miles thick layer of gasses presses down on earth with a weight of 15 lbs. per square inch because of the gravitational pull. That's how atmosphere exerts pressure on the earth.
[25] Which one of the following has the highest wind velocity?
A.
Typhoon
B.
Hurricane
C.
Cyclone
D.
Tornado
Ans:
Tornado
Explanation :
A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. They are often referred to as twisters or cyclones, although the word cyclone is used in meteorology, in a wider sense, to name any closed low pressure circulation. Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes, but they are typically in the form of a visible condensation funnel, whose narrow end touches the earth and is often encircled by a cloud of debris and dust. Most tornadoes have wind speeds less than 110 miles per hour (177 km/h), are about 250 feet (76 m) across, and travel a few miles (several kilometers) before dissipating.
Explanation :
Tidal forest is also called Mangrove forest.
[2] Vergreen type Forests are found in –
A.
Mediterranean region
B.
Monsoon climatic area
C.
Desert region
D.
Equatorial region
Ans:
Equatorial region
Explanation :
An evergreen forest is a forest consisting entirely or mainly of evergreen trees that retain green foliage all year round. Such forests reign in the equatorial region, between the tropics primarily as broadleaf evergreens, and in temperate and boreal latitudes primarily as coniferous evergreens.
[3] The maximum biodiversity is found in –
A.
Tropical rain forests
B.
Temperate forests
C.
Coniferous forests
D.
Arctic forest
Ans:
Tropical rain forests
Explanation :
Most of the terrestrial diversity is found in tropical rainforests. As per an estimation, these forests account for around 40% to 75% of all biotic species and are home to half of all the living animal and plant species on the planet. A single hectare of rainforest may contain 42,000 different species of insect, up to 807 trees of 313 species and 1,500 species of higher plants.
[4] In forests, trees shed their leaves in a particular season.
A.
evergreen
B.
mangrove
C.
deciduous
D.
thorny
Ans:
deciduous
Explanation :
Deciduous means "falling off at maturity" or “tending to fall off'. It is typically used in order to refer to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally most commonly during autumn and to the shedding of other plant structures such as petals after flowering or fruit when ripe. Common examples of deciduous trees include oak, maple, and hickory trees.
[5] All the ecosystems taken together in a geographical area form a bigger unit called:
A.
biosphere
B.
territory
C.
biome
D.
community
Ans:
biome
Explanation :
Biome is a large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna adapted to the particular conditions in which they occur. For example, Tundra region.
[6] Soil formed by leaching and oxidation is –
A.
Black soil
B.
Laterite soil
C.
Red soil
D.
Montane soil
Ans:
Laterite soil
Explanation :
Laterisation is a form of chemical weathering that involves oxidation, carbonation and leaching. This natural process results in the formation of Laterite soils.
[7] Soil which is prone to intensive leaching due to rain is called-
A.
Laterite
B.
Black
C.
Alluvial
D.
Red
Ans:
Laterite
Explanation :
Leaching refers to the loss of water-soluble plant nutrients from the soil, due to rain and irrigation. Laterite soils are formed soils under conditions of high temperature and heavy rainfall with alternate wet and dry periods. They are leached and are, thus, less fertile.
[8] The smallest ocean is :
A.
Atlantic
B.
Pacific
C.
Indian
D.
Arctic
Ans:
Arctic
Explanation :
The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five ocean basins. With an area of about 5.4 million square miles, the Arctic Ocean is about 1.5 times as big as the United States. It is bordered by Greenland, Canada, Norway, Alaska, and Russia. It is almost completely covered with ice for the majority of the year.
[9] All vital atmospheric processes leading to various climatic and weather conditions take place in the :
A.
Stratosphere
B.
Troposphere
C.
Ionosphere
D.
Exosphere
Ans:
Troposphere
Explanation :
Troposphere, that extends up to a height of 12 km on an average from the surface of the earth, is the locale of all the vital atmospheric processes which create the climatic and weather conditions on the earth's surface. About half of the mass of air comprising the entire atmosphere is concentrated in this zone. This is the lowermost layer of the atmosphere.
[10] The term "Doab" means –
A.
a land between two mountains
B.
a land between two lakes
C.
a land between two rivers
D.
a land between two seas
Ans:
a land between two rivers
Explanation :
Doab is a term used in India and Pakistan for the "tongue," or tract of land lying between two converging, or confluent, rivers. It is similar to an interfluve. In the Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, R. S. McGregor defines it as "a region lying between and reaching to the confluence of two rivers (esp. that between the Ganges and Jumna).
[11] A spinning neutron star is known as –
A.
White dwarf
B.
Black hole
C.
Pulsar
D.
Quasar
Ans:
Pulsar
Explanation :
Pulsars are spinning neutron stars that have jets of particles moving almost at the speed of light streaming out above their magnetic poles. These jets produce very powerful beams of light.
[12] When the moon completely covers the sun, it is known as –
A.
the Antumbra
B.
the Umbra
C.
the Penumbra
D.
None of these
Ans:
the Umbra
Explanation :
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon crosses the path between the sun and the earth. The darkest shadow (where the sun is completely covered) is called the umbra. The umbra is narrow at the distance of the Earth, and a total eclipse is observable only within the narrow strip of land or sea over which the umbra passes. The partial shadow is called the penumbra.
[13] The planet revolving east to west is –
A.
Venus
B.
Uranus
C.
Neptune
D.
Pluto
Ans:
Venus
Explanation :
Like the other planets in our solar system, Venus rotates about its axis. However, Venus is the only planet that rotates from east to west instead of west to east. This means, that if we lived on Venus, the Sun would appear to rise in the west in the morning, and set in the east in the evening. Venus rotates in what is called retrograde motion.
[14] The planet emitting green light is –
A.
Jupiter
B.
Venus
C.
Uranus
D.
Neptune
Ans:
Uranus
Explanation :
The atmosphere of Uranus is composed of 83% hydrogen, 15% helium, 2% methane and small amounts of acetylene and other hydrocarbons. Methane in the upper atmosphere absorbs red light, giving Uranus its blue-green colour.
[15] The light from the Sun reaches the Earth in about—
A.
8 seconds
B.
8 minutes
C.
10 seconds
D.
10 minutes
Ans:
8 minutes
Explanation :
Light travels at 186,000 miles a second at the Earth is 93 million miles to Sun on average. This works out as 8.33 minutes for light from the Sun to reach Earth. On average, it takes energy between 10,000 and 170,000 years to leave the sun's interior and then be emitted from the surface as light. Sunlight, in the broad sense, is the total frequency spectrum of electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, particularly infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light. On Earth, sunlight is filtered through the Earth's atmosphere, and is obvious as daylight when the Sun is above the horizon.
[16] Trees are leafless for a shorter or longer season of the year in:
A.
Evergreen forest
B.
Mangrove forest
C.
Scrub jungle forest
D.
Deciduous forest
Ans:
Deciduous forest
Explanation :
Deciduous means “falling of at maturity" or "tending to fall off”, and is typically used in reference to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally, and to the shedding of other plant structures such as petals after flowering or fruit when ripe. In a more general sense, deciduous means the dropping of a part that is no longer needed, or falling away after its purpose is finished.
[17] The area reserved for the welfare of wild life Is called –
A.
Sanctuary
B.
Forest
C.
National Park
D.
Botanical garden
Ans:
National Park
Explanation :
A National Park is an area which is strictly reserved for the welfare of wildlife and where activities such as forestry, grazing or cultivation are not allowed. Private ownership, rights and habitat, manipulation arc not permitted in a national park. There are 103 national parks in India covering an area of 40,500 km2, which is 1.23% of the geographical area of the country.
[18] There is a need to keep larger area under forests for –
A.
absorption of carbon dioxide
B.
protecting wildlife
C.
raising precipitation
D.
geological balance
Ans:
absorption of carbon dioxide
Explanation :
Forests are considered as sinks of carbon dioxide. A carbon sink is anything that absorbs more carbon that it releases, whilst a carbon source is anything that releases more carbon than is absorb. It is for this reason that they are indispensable in the present global scenario marked by increasing global warming and climate change.
[19] Which one of the following methods of soil conservation is most effective in arid areas?
A.
Mulching
B.
Shelter belt
C.
Gully plugging
D.
Terracing
Ans:
Shelter belt
Explanation :
In arid zones, the harsh conditions of climate and the shortage of water are intensified by the strong winds. Living conditions and agricultural production can often be improved by planting trees and shrubs in protective windbreaks and s-helterbelts which reduce wind velocity and provide shade. Windbreaks and shelterbelts, which are considered synonymous in this manual, are barriers of trees or shrubs that are planted to reduce wind velocities and, as a result, reduce evapo-transpiration and prevent wind erosion; they frequently provide direct benefits to agricultural crops, resulting in higher yields, and provide shelter to livestock, grazing lands, and farms.
[20] Which one of the following does not cause soil erosion?
A.
Deflation
B.
Deforestation
C.
Weathering
D.
Overcropping
Ans:
Deflation
Explanation :
Deflation is a decline in general price-levels, often caused by a reduction in the supply of money or credit. Deflation can also be brought about by direct contractions in spending, either in the form of a reduction in government spending, personal spending or investment spending. Deflation has often had the side effect of increasing unemployment in an economy, since the process often leads to a lower level of demand in the economy.
[21] The deepest surface depression on the earth is –
A.
Kurile Trench
B.
Mariana Trench
C.
Tonga-Kermadec Trench
D.
Bentley Subglacial
Ans:
Mariana Trench
Explanation :
The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, to the east of the Mariana Islands. The trench is about 2,550 kilometres long but has an average width of only 69 kilometres. It reaches a maximum-known depth of 10.994 km at the Challenger Deep.
[22] The coastal part of water bodies of the oceans which is structurally part of the mainland of the continents is called the-
A.
Isthmus
B.
Oceanic ridge
C.
Continental shelf
D.
Continental slope
Ans:
Continental shelf
Explanation :
The continental shelf is the extended perimeter of each continent and associated coastal plain. The shelf usually ends at a point of increasing slope (called the shelf break). The sea floor below the break is the continental slope. Below the slope is the continental rise, which finally merges into the deep ocean floor the abyssal plain.
[23] Which one of the following is not a cold ocean current?
A.
California
B.
Oyashio
C.
Kuroshio
D.
Ganaries
Ans:
Kuroshio
Explanation :
The Kuroshio is a north-flowing warm ocean current on the west side of the North Pacific Ocean. It is similar to the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic, transporting warm, tropical water northward towards the polar region and is part of the North Pacific ocean gyre.
[24] Atmospheric pressure exerted on earth is due to :
A.
rotation of earth
B.
revolution of earth
C.
gravitational pull
D.
uneven heating of earth
Ans:
gravitational pull
Explanation :
The atmosphere is made up of gasses. Gasses are physical substances, and all physical substance has weight. The atmosphere is 25 miles thick, and that 25 miles thick layer of gasses presses down on earth with a weight of 15 lbs. per square inch because of the gravitational pull. That's how atmosphere exerts pressure on the earth.
[25] Which one of the following has the highest wind velocity?
A.
Typhoon
B.
Hurricane
C.
Cyclone
D.
Tornado
Ans:
Tornado
Explanation :
A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. They are often referred to as twisters or cyclones, although the word cyclone is used in meteorology, in a wider sense, to name any closed low pressure circulation. Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes, but they are typically in the form of a visible condensation funnel, whose narrow end touches the earth and is often encircled by a cloud of debris and dust. Most tornadoes have wind speeds less than 110 miles per hour (177 km/h), are about 250 feet (76 m) across, and travel a few miles (several kilometers) before dissipating.
Explanation :
Most of the terrestrial diversity is found in tropical rainforests. As per an estimation, these forests account for around 40% to 75% of all biotic species and are home to half of all the living animal and plant species on the planet. A single hectare of rainforest may contain 42,000 different species of insect, up to 807 trees of 313 species and 1,500 species of higher plants.
[4] In forests, trees shed their leaves in a particular season.
A.
evergreen
B.
mangrove
C.
deciduous
D.
thorny
Ans:
deciduous
Explanation :
Deciduous means "falling off at maturity" or “tending to fall off'. It is typically used in order to refer to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally most commonly during autumn and to the shedding of other plant structures such as petals after flowering or fruit when ripe. Common examples of deciduous trees include oak, maple, and hickory trees.
[5] All the ecosystems taken together in a geographical area form a bigger unit called:
A.
biosphere
B.
territory
C.
biome
D.
community
Ans:
biome
Explanation :
Biome is a large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna adapted to the particular conditions in which they occur. For example, Tundra region.
[6] Soil formed by leaching and oxidation is –
A.
Black soil
B.
Laterite soil
C.
Red soil
D.
Montane soil
Ans:
Laterite soil
Explanation :
Laterisation is a form of chemical weathering that involves oxidation, carbonation and leaching. This natural process results in the formation of Laterite soils.
[7] Soil which is prone to intensive leaching due to rain is called-
A.
Laterite
B.
Black
C.
Alluvial
D.
Red
Ans:
Laterite
Explanation :
Leaching refers to the loss of water-soluble plant nutrients from the soil, due to rain and irrigation. Laterite soils are formed soils under conditions of high temperature and heavy rainfall with alternate wet and dry periods. They are leached and are, thus, less fertile.
[8] The smallest ocean is :
A.
Atlantic
B.
Pacific
C.
Indian
D.
Arctic
Ans:
Arctic
Explanation :
The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five ocean basins. With an area of about 5.4 million square miles, the Arctic Ocean is about 1.5 times as big as the United States. It is bordered by Greenland, Canada, Norway, Alaska, and Russia. It is almost completely covered with ice for the majority of the year.
[9] All vital atmospheric processes leading to various climatic and weather conditions take place in the :
A.
Stratosphere
B.
Troposphere
C.
Ionosphere
D.
Exosphere
Ans:
Troposphere
Explanation :
Troposphere, that extends up to a height of 12 km on an average from the surface of the earth, is the locale of all the vital atmospheric processes which create the climatic and weather conditions on the earth's surface. About half of the mass of air comprising the entire atmosphere is concentrated in this zone. This is the lowermost layer of the atmosphere.
[10] The term "Doab" means –
A.
a land between two mountains
B.
a land between two lakes
C.
a land between two rivers
D.
a land between two seas
Ans:
a land between two rivers
Explanation :
Doab is a term used in India and Pakistan for the "tongue," or tract of land lying between two converging, or confluent, rivers. It is similar to an interfluve. In the Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, R. S. McGregor defines it as "a region lying between and reaching to the confluence of two rivers (esp. that between the Ganges and Jumna).
[11] A spinning neutron star is known as –
A.
White dwarf
B.
Black hole
C.
Pulsar
D.
Quasar
Ans:
Pulsar
Explanation :
Pulsars are spinning neutron stars that have jets of particles moving almost at the speed of light streaming out above their magnetic poles. These jets produce very powerful beams of light.
[12] When the moon completely covers the sun, it is known as –
A.
the Antumbra
B.
the Umbra
C.
the Penumbra
D.
None of these
Ans:
the Umbra
Explanation :
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon crosses the path between the sun and the earth. The darkest shadow (where the sun is completely covered) is called the umbra. The umbra is narrow at the distance of the Earth, and a total eclipse is observable only within the narrow strip of land or sea over which the umbra passes. The partial shadow is called the penumbra.
[13] The planet revolving east to west is –
A.
Venus
B.
Uranus
C.
Neptune
D.
Pluto
Ans:
Venus
Explanation :
Like the other planets in our solar system, Venus rotates about its axis. However, Venus is the only planet that rotates from east to west instead of west to east. This means, that if we lived on Venus, the Sun would appear to rise in the west in the morning, and set in the east in the evening. Venus rotates in what is called retrograde motion.
[14] The planet emitting green light is –
A.
Jupiter
B.
Venus
C.
Uranus
D.
Neptune
Ans:
Uranus
Explanation :
The atmosphere of Uranus is composed of 83% hydrogen, 15% helium, 2% methane and small amounts of acetylene and other hydrocarbons. Methane in the upper atmosphere absorbs red light, giving Uranus its blue-green colour.
[15] The light from the Sun reaches the Earth in about—
A.
8 seconds
B.
8 minutes
C.
10 seconds
D.
10 minutes
Ans:
8 minutes
Explanation :
Light travels at 186,000 miles a second at the Earth is 93 million miles to Sun on average. This works out as 8.33 minutes for light from the Sun to reach Earth. On average, it takes energy between 10,000 and 170,000 years to leave the sun's interior and then be emitted from the surface as light. Sunlight, in the broad sense, is the total frequency spectrum of electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, particularly infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light. On Earth, sunlight is filtered through the Earth's atmosphere, and is obvious as daylight when the Sun is above the horizon.
[16] Trees are leafless for a shorter or longer season of the year in:
A.
Evergreen forest
B.
Mangrove forest
C.
Scrub jungle forest
D.
Deciduous forest
Ans:
Deciduous forest
Explanation :
Deciduous means “falling of at maturity" or "tending to fall off”, and is typically used in reference to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally, and to the shedding of other plant structures such as petals after flowering or fruit when ripe. In a more general sense, deciduous means the dropping of a part that is no longer needed, or falling away after its purpose is finished.
[17] The area reserved for the welfare of wild life Is called –
A.
Sanctuary
B.
Forest
C.
National Park
D.
Botanical garden
Ans:
National Park
Explanation :
A National Park is an area which is strictly reserved for the welfare of wildlife and where activities such as forestry, grazing or cultivation are not allowed. Private ownership, rights and habitat, manipulation arc not permitted in a national park. There are 103 national parks in India covering an area of 40,500 km2, which is 1.23% of the geographical area of the country.
[18] There is a need to keep larger area under forests for –
A.
absorption of carbon dioxide
B.
protecting wildlife
C.
raising precipitation
D.
geological balance
Ans:
absorption of carbon dioxide
Explanation :
Forests are considered as sinks of carbon dioxide. A carbon sink is anything that absorbs more carbon that it releases, whilst a carbon source is anything that releases more carbon than is absorb. It is for this reason that they are indispensable in the present global scenario marked by increasing global warming and climate change.
[19] Which one of the following methods of soil conservation is most effective in arid areas?
A.
Mulching
B.
Shelter belt
C.
Gully plugging
D.
Terracing
Ans:
Shelter belt
Explanation :
In arid zones, the harsh conditions of climate and the shortage of water are intensified by the strong winds. Living conditions and agricultural production can often be improved by planting trees and shrubs in protective windbreaks and s-helterbelts which reduce wind velocity and provide shade. Windbreaks and shelterbelts, which are considered synonymous in this manual, are barriers of trees or shrubs that are planted to reduce wind velocities and, as a result, reduce evapo-transpiration and prevent wind erosion; they frequently provide direct benefits to agricultural crops, resulting in higher yields, and provide shelter to livestock, grazing lands, and farms.
[20] Which one of the following does not cause soil erosion?
A.
Deflation
B.
Deforestation
C.
Weathering
D.
Overcropping
Ans:
Deflation
Explanation :
Deflation is a decline in general price-levels, often caused by a reduction in the supply of money or credit. Deflation can also be brought about by direct contractions in spending, either in the form of a reduction in government spending, personal spending or investment spending. Deflation has often had the side effect of increasing unemployment in an economy, since the process often leads to a lower level of demand in the economy.
[21] The deepest surface depression on the earth is –
A.
Kurile Trench
B.
Mariana Trench
C.
Tonga-Kermadec Trench
D.
Bentley Subglacial
Ans:
Mariana Trench
Explanation :
The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, to the east of the Mariana Islands. The trench is about 2,550 kilometres long but has an average width of only 69 kilometres. It reaches a maximum-known depth of 10.994 km at the Challenger Deep.
[22] The coastal part of water bodies of the oceans which is structurally part of the mainland of the continents is called the-
A.
Isthmus
B.
Oceanic ridge
C.
Continental shelf
D.
Continental slope
Ans:
Continental shelf
Explanation :
The continental shelf is the extended perimeter of each continent and associated coastal plain. The shelf usually ends at a point of increasing slope (called the shelf break). The sea floor below the break is the continental slope. Below the slope is the continental rise, which finally merges into the deep ocean floor the abyssal plain.
[23] Which one of the following is not a cold ocean current?
A.
California
B.
Oyashio
C.
Kuroshio
D.
Ganaries
Ans:
Kuroshio
Explanation :
The Kuroshio is a north-flowing warm ocean current on the west side of the North Pacific Ocean. It is similar to the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic, transporting warm, tropical water northward towards the polar region and is part of the North Pacific ocean gyre.
[24] Atmospheric pressure exerted on earth is due to :
A.
rotation of earth
B.
revolution of earth
C.
gravitational pull
D.
uneven heating of earth
Ans:
gravitational pull
Explanation :
The atmosphere is made up of gasses. Gasses are physical substances, and all physical substance has weight. The atmosphere is 25 miles thick, and that 25 miles thick layer of gasses presses down on earth with a weight of 15 lbs. per square inch because of the gravitational pull. That's how atmosphere exerts pressure on the earth.
[25] Which one of the following has the highest wind velocity?
A.
Typhoon
B.
Hurricane
C.
Cyclone
D.
Tornado
Ans:
Tornado
Explanation :
A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. They are often referred to as twisters or cyclones, although the word cyclone is used in meteorology, in a wider sense, to name any closed low pressure circulation. Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes, but they are typically in the form of a visible condensation funnel, whose narrow end touches the earth and is often encircled by a cloud of debris and dust. Most tornadoes have wind speeds less than 110 miles per hour (177 km/h), are about 250 feet (76 m) across, and travel a few miles (several kilometers) before dissipating.
Explanation :
Biome is a large naturally occurring community of flora and fauna adapted to the particular conditions in which they occur. For example, Tundra region.
[6] Soil formed by leaching and oxidation is –
A.
Black soil
B.
Laterite soil
C.
Red soil
D.
Montane soil
Ans:
Laterite soil
Explanation :
Laterisation is a form of chemical weathering that involves oxidation, carbonation and leaching. This natural process results in the formation of Laterite soils.
[7] Soil which is prone to intensive leaching due to rain is called-
A.
Laterite
B.
Black
C.
Alluvial
D.
Red
Ans:
Laterite
Explanation :
Leaching refers to the loss of water-soluble plant nutrients from the soil, due to rain and irrigation. Laterite soils are formed soils under conditions of high temperature and heavy rainfall with alternate wet and dry periods. They are leached and are, thus, less fertile.
[8] The smallest ocean is :
A.
Atlantic
B.
Pacific
C.
Indian
D.
Arctic
Ans:
Arctic
Explanation :
The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five ocean basins. With an area of about 5.4 million square miles, the Arctic Ocean is about 1.5 times as big as the United States. It is bordered by Greenland, Canada, Norway, Alaska, and Russia. It is almost completely covered with ice for the majority of the year.
[9] All vital atmospheric processes leading to various climatic and weather conditions take place in the :
A.
Stratosphere
B.
Troposphere
C.
Ionosphere
D.
Exosphere
Ans:
Troposphere
Explanation :
Troposphere, that extends up to a height of 12 km on an average from the surface of the earth, is the locale of all the vital atmospheric processes which create the climatic and weather conditions on the earth's surface. About half of the mass of air comprising the entire atmosphere is concentrated in this zone. This is the lowermost layer of the atmosphere.
[10] The term "Doab" means –
A.
a land between two mountains
B.
a land between two lakes
C.
a land between two rivers
D.
a land between two seas
Ans:
a land between two rivers
Explanation :
Doab is a term used in India and Pakistan for the "tongue," or tract of land lying between two converging, or confluent, rivers. It is similar to an interfluve. In the Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, R. S. McGregor defines it as "a region lying between and reaching to the confluence of two rivers (esp. that between the Ganges and Jumna).
[11] A spinning neutron star is known as –
A.
White dwarf
B.
Black hole
C.
Pulsar
D.
Quasar
Ans:
Pulsar
Explanation :
Pulsars are spinning neutron stars that have jets of particles moving almost at the speed of light streaming out above their magnetic poles. These jets produce very powerful beams of light.
[12] When the moon completely covers the sun, it is known as –
A.
the Antumbra
B.
the Umbra
C.
the Penumbra
D.
None of these
Ans:
the Umbra
Explanation :
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon crosses the path between the sun and the earth. The darkest shadow (where the sun is completely covered) is called the umbra. The umbra is narrow at the distance of the Earth, and a total eclipse is observable only within the narrow strip of land or sea over which the umbra passes. The partial shadow is called the penumbra.
[13] The planet revolving east to west is –
A.
Venus
B.
Uranus
C.
Neptune
D.
Pluto
Ans:
Venus
Explanation :
Like the other planets in our solar system, Venus rotates about its axis. However, Venus is the only planet that rotates from east to west instead of west to east. This means, that if we lived on Venus, the Sun would appear to rise in the west in the morning, and set in the east in the evening. Venus rotates in what is called retrograde motion.
[14] The planet emitting green light is –
A.
Jupiter
B.
Venus
C.
Uranus
D.
Neptune
Ans:
Uranus
Explanation :
The atmosphere of Uranus is composed of 83% hydrogen, 15% helium, 2% methane and small amounts of acetylene and other hydrocarbons. Methane in the upper atmosphere absorbs red light, giving Uranus its blue-green colour.
[15] The light from the Sun reaches the Earth in about—
A.
8 seconds
B.
8 minutes
C.
10 seconds
D.
10 minutes
Ans:
8 minutes
Explanation :
Light travels at 186,000 miles a second at the Earth is 93 million miles to Sun on average. This works out as 8.33 minutes for light from the Sun to reach Earth. On average, it takes energy between 10,000 and 170,000 years to leave the sun's interior and then be emitted from the surface as light. Sunlight, in the broad sense, is the total frequency spectrum of electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, particularly infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light. On Earth, sunlight is filtered through the Earth's atmosphere, and is obvious as daylight when the Sun is above the horizon.
[16] Trees are leafless for a shorter or longer season of the year in:
A.
Evergreen forest
B.
Mangrove forest
C.
Scrub jungle forest
D.
Deciduous forest
Ans:
Deciduous forest
Explanation :
Deciduous means “falling of at maturity" or "tending to fall off”, and is typically used in reference to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally, and to the shedding of other plant structures such as petals after flowering or fruit when ripe. In a more general sense, deciduous means the dropping of a part that is no longer needed, or falling away after its purpose is finished.
[17] The area reserved for the welfare of wild life Is called –
A.
Sanctuary
B.
Forest
C.
National Park
D.
Botanical garden
Ans:
National Park
Explanation :
A National Park is an area which is strictly reserved for the welfare of wildlife and where activities such as forestry, grazing or cultivation are not allowed. Private ownership, rights and habitat, manipulation arc not permitted in a national park. There are 103 national parks in India covering an area of 40,500 km2, which is 1.23% of the geographical area of the country.
[18] There is a need to keep larger area under forests for –
A.
absorption of carbon dioxide
B.
protecting wildlife
C.
raising precipitation
D.
geological balance
Ans:
absorption of carbon dioxide
Explanation :
Forests are considered as sinks of carbon dioxide. A carbon sink is anything that absorbs more carbon that it releases, whilst a carbon source is anything that releases more carbon than is absorb. It is for this reason that they are indispensable in the present global scenario marked by increasing global warming and climate change.
[19] Which one of the following methods of soil conservation is most effective in arid areas?
A.
Mulching
B.
Shelter belt
C.
Gully plugging
D.
Terracing
Ans:
Shelter belt
Explanation :
In arid zones, the harsh conditions of climate and the shortage of water are intensified by the strong winds. Living conditions and agricultural production can often be improved by planting trees and shrubs in protective windbreaks and s-helterbelts which reduce wind velocity and provide shade. Windbreaks and shelterbelts, which are considered synonymous in this manual, are barriers of trees or shrubs that are planted to reduce wind velocities and, as a result, reduce evapo-transpiration and prevent wind erosion; they frequently provide direct benefits to agricultural crops, resulting in higher yields, and provide shelter to livestock, grazing lands, and farms.
[20] Which one of the following does not cause soil erosion?
A.
Deflation
B.
Deforestation
C.
Weathering
D.
Overcropping
Ans:
Deflation
Explanation :
Deflation is a decline in general price-levels, often caused by a reduction in the supply of money or credit. Deflation can also be brought about by direct contractions in spending, either in the form of a reduction in government spending, personal spending or investment spending. Deflation has often had the side effect of increasing unemployment in an economy, since the process often leads to a lower level of demand in the economy.
[21] The deepest surface depression on the earth is –
A.
Kurile Trench
B.
Mariana Trench
C.
Tonga-Kermadec Trench
D.
Bentley Subglacial
Ans:
Mariana Trench
Explanation :
The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, to the east of the Mariana Islands. The trench is about 2,550 kilometres long but has an average width of only 69 kilometres. It reaches a maximum-known depth of 10.994 km at the Challenger Deep.
[22] The coastal part of water bodies of the oceans which is structurally part of the mainland of the continents is called the-
A.
Isthmus
B.
Oceanic ridge
C.
Continental shelf
D.
Continental slope
Ans:
Continental shelf
Explanation :
The continental shelf is the extended perimeter of each continent and associated coastal plain. The shelf usually ends at a point of increasing slope (called the shelf break). The sea floor below the break is the continental slope. Below the slope is the continental rise, which finally merges into the deep ocean floor the abyssal plain.
[23] Which one of the following is not a cold ocean current?
A.
California
B.
Oyashio
C.
Kuroshio
D.
Ganaries
Ans:
Kuroshio
Explanation :
The Kuroshio is a north-flowing warm ocean current on the west side of the North Pacific Ocean. It is similar to the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic, transporting warm, tropical water northward towards the polar region and is part of the North Pacific ocean gyre.
[24] Atmospheric pressure exerted on earth is due to :
A.
rotation of earth
B.
revolution of earth
C.
gravitational pull
D.
uneven heating of earth
Ans:
gravitational pull
Explanation :
The atmosphere is made up of gasses. Gasses are physical substances, and all physical substance has weight. The atmosphere is 25 miles thick, and that 25 miles thick layer of gasses presses down on earth with a weight of 15 lbs. per square inch because of the gravitational pull. That's how atmosphere exerts pressure on the earth.
[25] Which one of the following has the highest wind velocity?
A.
Typhoon
B.
Hurricane
C.
Cyclone
D.
Tornado
Ans:
Tornado
Explanation :
A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. They are often referred to as twisters or cyclones, although the word cyclone is used in meteorology, in a wider sense, to name any closed low pressure circulation. Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes, but they are typically in the form of a visible condensation funnel, whose narrow end touches the earth and is often encircled by a cloud of debris and dust. Most tornadoes have wind speeds less than 110 miles per hour (177 km/h), are about 250 feet (76 m) across, and travel a few miles (several kilometers) before dissipating.
Explanation :
Leaching refers to the loss of water-soluble plant nutrients from the soil, due to rain and irrigation. Laterite soils are formed soils under conditions of high temperature and heavy rainfall with alternate wet and dry periods. They are leached and are, thus, less fertile.
[8] The smallest ocean is :
A.
Atlantic
B.
Pacific
C.
Indian
D.
Arctic
Ans:
Arctic
Explanation :
The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five ocean basins. With an area of about 5.4 million square miles, the Arctic Ocean is about 1.5 times as big as the United States. It is bordered by Greenland, Canada, Norway, Alaska, and Russia. It is almost completely covered with ice for the majority of the year.
[9] All vital atmospheric processes leading to various climatic and weather conditions take place in the :
A.
Stratosphere
B.
Troposphere
C.
Ionosphere
D.
Exosphere
Ans:
Troposphere
Explanation :
Troposphere, that extends up to a height of 12 km on an average from the surface of the earth, is the locale of all the vital atmospheric processes which create the climatic and weather conditions on the earth's surface. About half of the mass of air comprising the entire atmosphere is concentrated in this zone. This is the lowermost layer of the atmosphere.
[10] The term "Doab" means –
A.
a land between two mountains
B.
a land between two lakes
C.
a land between two rivers
D.
a land between two seas
Ans:
a land between two rivers
Explanation :
Doab is a term used in India and Pakistan for the "tongue," or tract of land lying between two converging, or confluent, rivers. It is similar to an interfluve. In the Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, R. S. McGregor defines it as "a region lying between and reaching to the confluence of two rivers (esp. that between the Ganges and Jumna).
[11] A spinning neutron star is known as –
A.
White dwarf
B.
Black hole
C.
Pulsar
D.
Quasar
Ans:
Pulsar
Explanation :
Pulsars are spinning neutron stars that have jets of particles moving almost at the speed of light streaming out above their magnetic poles. These jets produce very powerful beams of light.
[12] When the moon completely covers the sun, it is known as –
A.
the Antumbra
B.
the Umbra
C.
the Penumbra
D.
None of these
Ans:
the Umbra
Explanation :
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon crosses the path between the sun and the earth. The darkest shadow (where the sun is completely covered) is called the umbra. The umbra is narrow at the distance of the Earth, and a total eclipse is observable only within the narrow strip of land or sea over which the umbra passes. The partial shadow is called the penumbra.
[13] The planet revolving east to west is –
A.
Venus
B.
Uranus
C.
Neptune
D.
Pluto
Ans:
Venus
Explanation :
Like the other planets in our solar system, Venus rotates about its axis. However, Venus is the only planet that rotates from east to west instead of west to east. This means, that if we lived on Venus, the Sun would appear to rise in the west in the morning, and set in the east in the evening. Venus rotates in what is called retrograde motion.
[14] The planet emitting green light is –
A.
Jupiter
B.
Venus
C.
Uranus
D.
Neptune
Ans:
Uranus
Explanation :
The atmosphere of Uranus is composed of 83% hydrogen, 15% helium, 2% methane and small amounts of acetylene and other hydrocarbons. Methane in the upper atmosphere absorbs red light, giving Uranus its blue-green colour.
[15] The light from the Sun reaches the Earth in about—
A.
8 seconds
B.
8 minutes
C.
10 seconds
D.
10 minutes
Ans:
8 minutes
Explanation :
Light travels at 186,000 miles a second at the Earth is 93 million miles to Sun on average. This works out as 8.33 minutes for light from the Sun to reach Earth. On average, it takes energy between 10,000 and 170,000 years to leave the sun's interior and then be emitted from the surface as light. Sunlight, in the broad sense, is the total frequency spectrum of electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, particularly infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light. On Earth, sunlight is filtered through the Earth's atmosphere, and is obvious as daylight when the Sun is above the horizon.
[16] Trees are leafless for a shorter or longer season of the year in:
A.
Evergreen forest
B.
Mangrove forest
C.
Scrub jungle forest
D.
Deciduous forest
Ans:
Deciduous forest
Explanation :
Deciduous means “falling of at maturity" or "tending to fall off”, and is typically used in reference to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally, and to the shedding of other plant structures such as petals after flowering or fruit when ripe. In a more general sense, deciduous means the dropping of a part that is no longer needed, or falling away after its purpose is finished.
[17] The area reserved for the welfare of wild life Is called –
A.
Sanctuary
B.
Forest
C.
National Park
D.
Botanical garden
Ans:
National Park
Explanation :
A National Park is an area which is strictly reserved for the welfare of wildlife and where activities such as forestry, grazing or cultivation are not allowed. Private ownership, rights and habitat, manipulation arc not permitted in a national park. There are 103 national parks in India covering an area of 40,500 km2, which is 1.23% of the geographical area of the country.
[18] There is a need to keep larger area under forests for –
A.
absorption of carbon dioxide
B.
protecting wildlife
C.
raising precipitation
D.
geological balance
Ans:
absorption of carbon dioxide
Explanation :
Forests are considered as sinks of carbon dioxide. A carbon sink is anything that absorbs more carbon that it releases, whilst a carbon source is anything that releases more carbon than is absorb. It is for this reason that they are indispensable in the present global scenario marked by increasing global warming and climate change.
[19] Which one of the following methods of soil conservation is most effective in arid areas?
A.
Mulching
B.
Shelter belt
C.
Gully plugging
D.
Terracing
Ans:
Shelter belt
Explanation :
In arid zones, the harsh conditions of climate and the shortage of water are intensified by the strong winds. Living conditions and agricultural production can often be improved by planting trees and shrubs in protective windbreaks and s-helterbelts which reduce wind velocity and provide shade. Windbreaks and shelterbelts, which are considered synonymous in this manual, are barriers of trees or shrubs that are planted to reduce wind velocities and, as a result, reduce evapo-transpiration and prevent wind erosion; they frequently provide direct benefits to agricultural crops, resulting in higher yields, and provide shelter to livestock, grazing lands, and farms.
[20] Which one of the following does not cause soil erosion?
A.
Deflation
B.
Deforestation
C.
Weathering
D.
Overcropping
Ans:
Deflation
Explanation :
Deflation is a decline in general price-levels, often caused by a reduction in the supply of money or credit. Deflation can also be brought about by direct contractions in spending, either in the form of a reduction in government spending, personal spending or investment spending. Deflation has often had the side effect of increasing unemployment in an economy, since the process often leads to a lower level of demand in the economy.
[21] The deepest surface depression on the earth is –
A.
Kurile Trench
B.
Mariana Trench
C.
Tonga-Kermadec Trench
D.
Bentley Subglacial
Ans:
Mariana Trench
Explanation :
The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, to the east of the Mariana Islands. The trench is about 2,550 kilometres long but has an average width of only 69 kilometres. It reaches a maximum-known depth of 10.994 km at the Challenger Deep.
[22] The coastal part of water bodies of the oceans which is structurally part of the mainland of the continents is called the-
A.
Isthmus
B.
Oceanic ridge
C.
Continental shelf
D.
Continental slope
Ans:
Continental shelf
Explanation :
The continental shelf is the extended perimeter of each continent and associated coastal plain. The shelf usually ends at a point of increasing slope (called the shelf break). The sea floor below the break is the continental slope. Below the slope is the continental rise, which finally merges into the deep ocean floor the abyssal plain.
[23] Which one of the following is not a cold ocean current?
A.
California
B.
Oyashio
C.
Kuroshio
D.
Ganaries
Ans:
Kuroshio
Explanation :
The Kuroshio is a north-flowing warm ocean current on the west side of the North Pacific Ocean. It is similar to the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic, transporting warm, tropical water northward towards the polar region and is part of the North Pacific ocean gyre.
[24] Atmospheric pressure exerted on earth is due to :
A.
rotation of earth
B.
revolution of earth
C.
gravitational pull
D.
uneven heating of earth
Ans:
gravitational pull
Explanation :
The atmosphere is made up of gasses. Gasses are physical substances, and all physical substance has weight. The atmosphere is 25 miles thick, and that 25 miles thick layer of gasses presses down on earth with a weight of 15 lbs. per square inch because of the gravitational pull. That's how atmosphere exerts pressure on the earth.
[25] Which one of the following has the highest wind velocity?
A.
Typhoon
B.
Hurricane
C.
Cyclone
D.
Tornado
Ans:
Tornado
Explanation :
A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. They are often referred to as twisters or cyclones, although the word cyclone is used in meteorology, in a wider sense, to name any closed low pressure circulation. Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes, but they are typically in the form of a visible condensation funnel, whose narrow end touches the earth and is often encircled by a cloud of debris and dust. Most tornadoes have wind speeds less than 110 miles per hour (177 km/h), are about 250 feet (76 m) across, and travel a few miles (several kilometers) before dissipating.
Explanation :
Troposphere, that extends up to a height of 12 km on an average from the surface of the earth, is the locale of all the vital atmospheric processes which create the climatic and weather conditions on the earth's surface. About half of the mass of air comprising the entire atmosphere is concentrated in this zone. This is the lowermost layer of the atmosphere.
[10] The term "Doab" means –
A.
a land between two mountains
B.
a land between two lakes
C.
a land between two rivers
D.
a land between two seas
Ans:
a land between two rivers
Explanation :
Doab is a term used in India and Pakistan for the "tongue," or tract of land lying between two converging, or confluent, rivers. It is similar to an interfluve. In the Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, R. S. McGregor defines it as "a region lying between and reaching to the confluence of two rivers (esp. that between the Ganges and Jumna).
[11] A spinning neutron star is known as –
A.
White dwarf
B.
Black hole
C.
Pulsar
D.
Quasar
Ans:
Pulsar
Explanation :
Pulsars are spinning neutron stars that have jets of particles moving almost at the speed of light streaming out above their magnetic poles. These jets produce very powerful beams of light.
[12] When the moon completely covers the sun, it is known as –
A.
the Antumbra
B.
the Umbra
C.
the Penumbra
D.
None of these
Ans:
the Umbra
Explanation :
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon crosses the path between the sun and the earth. The darkest shadow (where the sun is completely covered) is called the umbra. The umbra is narrow at the distance of the Earth, and a total eclipse is observable only within the narrow strip of land or sea over which the umbra passes. The partial shadow is called the penumbra.
[13] The planet revolving east to west is –
A.
Venus
B.
Uranus
C.
Neptune
D.
Pluto
Ans:
Venus
Explanation :
Like the other planets in our solar system, Venus rotates about its axis. However, Venus is the only planet that rotates from east to west instead of west to east. This means, that if we lived on Venus, the Sun would appear to rise in the west in the morning, and set in the east in the evening. Venus rotates in what is called retrograde motion.
[14] The planet emitting green light is –
A.
Jupiter
B.
Venus
C.
Uranus
D.
Neptune
Ans:
Uranus
Explanation :
The atmosphere of Uranus is composed of 83% hydrogen, 15% helium, 2% methane and small amounts of acetylene and other hydrocarbons. Methane in the upper atmosphere absorbs red light, giving Uranus its blue-green colour.
[15] The light from the Sun reaches the Earth in about—
A.
8 seconds
B.
8 minutes
C.
10 seconds
D.
10 minutes
Ans:
8 minutes
Explanation :
Light travels at 186,000 miles a second at the Earth is 93 million miles to Sun on average. This works out as 8.33 minutes for light from the Sun to reach Earth. On average, it takes energy between 10,000 and 170,000 years to leave the sun's interior and then be emitted from the surface as light. Sunlight, in the broad sense, is the total frequency spectrum of electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, particularly infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light. On Earth, sunlight is filtered through the Earth's atmosphere, and is obvious as daylight when the Sun is above the horizon.
[16] Trees are leafless for a shorter or longer season of the year in:
A.
Evergreen forest
B.
Mangrove forest
C.
Scrub jungle forest
D.
Deciduous forest
Ans:
Deciduous forest
Explanation :
Deciduous means “falling of at maturity" or "tending to fall off”, and is typically used in reference to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally, and to the shedding of other plant structures such as petals after flowering or fruit when ripe. In a more general sense, deciduous means the dropping of a part that is no longer needed, or falling away after its purpose is finished.
[17] The area reserved for the welfare of wild life Is called –
A.
Sanctuary
B.
Forest
C.
National Park
D.
Botanical garden
Ans:
National Park
Explanation :
A National Park is an area which is strictly reserved for the welfare of wildlife and where activities such as forestry, grazing or cultivation are not allowed. Private ownership, rights and habitat, manipulation arc not permitted in a national park. There are 103 national parks in India covering an area of 40,500 km2, which is 1.23% of the geographical area of the country.
[18] There is a need to keep larger area under forests for –
A.
absorption of carbon dioxide
B.
protecting wildlife
C.
raising precipitation
D.
geological balance
Ans:
absorption of carbon dioxide
Explanation :
Forests are considered as sinks of carbon dioxide. A carbon sink is anything that absorbs more carbon that it releases, whilst a carbon source is anything that releases more carbon than is absorb. It is for this reason that they are indispensable in the present global scenario marked by increasing global warming and climate change.
[19] Which one of the following methods of soil conservation is most effective in arid areas?
A.
Mulching
B.
Shelter belt
C.
Gully plugging
D.
Terracing
Ans:
Shelter belt
Explanation :
In arid zones, the harsh conditions of climate and the shortage of water are intensified by the strong winds. Living conditions and agricultural production can often be improved by planting trees and shrubs in protective windbreaks and s-helterbelts which reduce wind velocity and provide shade. Windbreaks and shelterbelts, which are considered synonymous in this manual, are barriers of trees or shrubs that are planted to reduce wind velocities and, as a result, reduce evapo-transpiration and prevent wind erosion; they frequently provide direct benefits to agricultural crops, resulting in higher yields, and provide shelter to livestock, grazing lands, and farms.
[20] Which one of the following does not cause soil erosion?
A.
Deflation
B.
Deforestation
C.
Weathering
D.
Overcropping
Ans:
Deflation
Explanation :
Deflation is a decline in general price-levels, often caused by a reduction in the supply of money or credit. Deflation can also be brought about by direct contractions in spending, either in the form of a reduction in government spending, personal spending or investment spending. Deflation has often had the side effect of increasing unemployment in an economy, since the process often leads to a lower level of demand in the economy.
[21] The deepest surface depression on the earth is –
A.
Kurile Trench
B.
Mariana Trench
C.
Tonga-Kermadec Trench
D.
Bentley Subglacial
Ans:
Mariana Trench
Explanation :
The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, to the east of the Mariana Islands. The trench is about 2,550 kilometres long but has an average width of only 69 kilometres. It reaches a maximum-known depth of 10.994 km at the Challenger Deep.
[22] The coastal part of water bodies of the oceans which is structurally part of the mainland of the continents is called the-
A.
Isthmus
B.
Oceanic ridge
C.
Continental shelf
D.
Continental slope
Ans:
Continental shelf
Explanation :
The continental shelf is the extended perimeter of each continent and associated coastal plain. The shelf usually ends at a point of increasing slope (called the shelf break). The sea floor below the break is the continental slope. Below the slope is the continental rise, which finally merges into the deep ocean floor the abyssal plain.
[23] Which one of the following is not a cold ocean current?
A.
California
B.
Oyashio
C.
Kuroshio
D.
Ganaries
Ans:
Kuroshio
Explanation :
The Kuroshio is a north-flowing warm ocean current on the west side of the North Pacific Ocean. It is similar to the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic, transporting warm, tropical water northward towards the polar region and is part of the North Pacific ocean gyre.
[24] Atmospheric pressure exerted on earth is due to :
A.
rotation of earth
B.
revolution of earth
C.
gravitational pull
D.
uneven heating of earth
Ans:
gravitational pull
Explanation :
The atmosphere is made up of gasses. Gasses are physical substances, and all physical substance has weight. The atmosphere is 25 miles thick, and that 25 miles thick layer of gasses presses down on earth with a weight of 15 lbs. per square inch because of the gravitational pull. That's how atmosphere exerts pressure on the earth.
[25] Which one of the following has the highest wind velocity?
A.
Typhoon
B.
Hurricane
C.
Cyclone
D.
Tornado
Ans:
Tornado
Explanation :
A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. They are often referred to as twisters or cyclones, although the word cyclone is used in meteorology, in a wider sense, to name any closed low pressure circulation. Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes, but they are typically in the form of a visible condensation funnel, whose narrow end touches the earth and is often encircled by a cloud of debris and dust. Most tornadoes have wind speeds less than 110 miles per hour (177 km/h), are about 250 feet (76 m) across, and travel a few miles (several kilometers) before dissipating.
Explanation :
Pulsars are spinning neutron stars that have jets of particles moving almost at the speed of light streaming out above their magnetic poles. These jets produce very powerful beams of light.
[12] When the moon completely covers the sun, it is known as –
A.
the Antumbra
B.
the Umbra
C.
the Penumbra
D.
None of these
Ans:
the Umbra
Explanation :
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon crosses the path between the sun and the earth. The darkest shadow (where the sun is completely covered) is called the umbra. The umbra is narrow at the distance of the Earth, and a total eclipse is observable only within the narrow strip of land or sea over which the umbra passes. The partial shadow is called the penumbra.
[13] The planet revolving east to west is –
A.
Venus
B.
Uranus
C.
Neptune
D.
Pluto
Ans:
Venus
Explanation :
Like the other planets in our solar system, Venus rotates about its axis. However, Venus is the only planet that rotates from east to west instead of west to east. This means, that if we lived on Venus, the Sun would appear to rise in the west in the morning, and set in the east in the evening. Venus rotates in what is called retrograde motion.
[14] The planet emitting green light is –
A.
Jupiter
B.
Venus
C.
Uranus
D.
Neptune
Ans:
Uranus
Explanation :
The atmosphere of Uranus is composed of 83% hydrogen, 15% helium, 2% methane and small amounts of acetylene and other hydrocarbons. Methane in the upper atmosphere absorbs red light, giving Uranus its blue-green colour.
[15] The light from the Sun reaches the Earth in about—
A.
8 seconds
B.
8 minutes
C.
10 seconds
D.
10 minutes
Ans:
8 minutes
Explanation :
Light travels at 186,000 miles a second at the Earth is 93 million miles to Sun on average. This works out as 8.33 minutes for light from the Sun to reach Earth. On average, it takes energy between 10,000 and 170,000 years to leave the sun's interior and then be emitted from the surface as light. Sunlight, in the broad sense, is the total frequency spectrum of electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, particularly infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light. On Earth, sunlight is filtered through the Earth's atmosphere, and is obvious as daylight when the Sun is above the horizon.
[16] Trees are leafless for a shorter or longer season of the year in:
A.
Evergreen forest
B.
Mangrove forest
C.
Scrub jungle forest
D.
Deciduous forest
Ans:
Deciduous forest
Explanation :
Deciduous means “falling of at maturity" or "tending to fall off”, and is typically used in reference to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally, and to the shedding of other plant structures such as petals after flowering or fruit when ripe. In a more general sense, deciduous means the dropping of a part that is no longer needed, or falling away after its purpose is finished.
[17] The area reserved for the welfare of wild life Is called –
A.
Sanctuary
B.
Forest
C.
National Park
D.
Botanical garden
Ans:
National Park
Explanation :
A National Park is an area which is strictly reserved for the welfare of wildlife and where activities such as forestry, grazing or cultivation are not allowed. Private ownership, rights and habitat, manipulation arc not permitted in a national park. There are 103 national parks in India covering an area of 40,500 km2, which is 1.23% of the geographical area of the country.
[18] There is a need to keep larger area under forests for –
A.
absorption of carbon dioxide
B.
protecting wildlife
C.
raising precipitation
D.
geological balance
Ans:
absorption of carbon dioxide
Explanation :
Forests are considered as sinks of carbon dioxide. A carbon sink is anything that absorbs more carbon that it releases, whilst a carbon source is anything that releases more carbon than is absorb. It is for this reason that they are indispensable in the present global scenario marked by increasing global warming and climate change.
[19] Which one of the following methods of soil conservation is most effective in arid areas?
A.
Mulching
B.
Shelter belt
C.
Gully plugging
D.
Terracing
Ans:
Shelter belt
Explanation :
In arid zones, the harsh conditions of climate and the shortage of water are intensified by the strong winds. Living conditions and agricultural production can often be improved by planting trees and shrubs in protective windbreaks and s-helterbelts which reduce wind velocity and provide shade. Windbreaks and shelterbelts, which are considered synonymous in this manual, are barriers of trees or shrubs that are planted to reduce wind velocities and, as a result, reduce evapo-transpiration and prevent wind erosion; they frequently provide direct benefits to agricultural crops, resulting in higher yields, and provide shelter to livestock, grazing lands, and farms.
[20] Which one of the following does not cause soil erosion?
A.
Deflation
B.
Deforestation
C.
Weathering
D.
Overcropping
Ans:
Deflation
Explanation :
Deflation is a decline in general price-levels, often caused by a reduction in the supply of money or credit. Deflation can also be brought about by direct contractions in spending, either in the form of a reduction in government spending, personal spending or investment spending. Deflation has often had the side effect of increasing unemployment in an economy, since the process often leads to a lower level of demand in the economy.
[21] The deepest surface depression on the earth is –
A.
Kurile Trench
B.
Mariana Trench
C.
Tonga-Kermadec Trench
D.
Bentley Subglacial
Ans:
Mariana Trench
Explanation :
The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, to the east of the Mariana Islands. The trench is about 2,550 kilometres long but has an average width of only 69 kilometres. It reaches a maximum-known depth of 10.994 km at the Challenger Deep.
[22] The coastal part of water bodies of the oceans which is structurally part of the mainland of the continents is called the-
A.
Isthmus
B.
Oceanic ridge
C.
Continental shelf
D.
Continental slope
Ans:
Continental shelf
Explanation :
The continental shelf is the extended perimeter of each continent and associated coastal plain. The shelf usually ends at a point of increasing slope (called the shelf break). The sea floor below the break is the continental slope. Below the slope is the continental rise, which finally merges into the deep ocean floor the abyssal plain.
[23] Which one of the following is not a cold ocean current?
A.
California
B.
Oyashio
C.
Kuroshio
D.
Ganaries
Ans:
Kuroshio
Explanation :
The Kuroshio is a north-flowing warm ocean current on the west side of the North Pacific Ocean. It is similar to the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic, transporting warm, tropical water northward towards the polar region and is part of the North Pacific ocean gyre.
[24] Atmospheric pressure exerted on earth is due to :
A.
rotation of earth
B.
revolution of earth
C.
gravitational pull
D.
uneven heating of earth
Ans:
gravitational pull
Explanation :
The atmosphere is made up of gasses. Gasses are physical substances, and all physical substance has weight. The atmosphere is 25 miles thick, and that 25 miles thick layer of gasses presses down on earth with a weight of 15 lbs. per square inch because of the gravitational pull. That's how atmosphere exerts pressure on the earth.
[25] Which one of the following has the highest wind velocity?
A.
Typhoon
B.
Hurricane
C.
Cyclone
D.
Tornado
Ans:
Tornado
Explanation :
A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. They are often referred to as twisters or cyclones, although the word cyclone is used in meteorology, in a wider sense, to name any closed low pressure circulation. Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes, but they are typically in the form of a visible condensation funnel, whose narrow end touches the earth and is often encircled by a cloud of debris and dust. Most tornadoes have wind speeds less than 110 miles per hour (177 km/h), are about 250 feet (76 m) across, and travel a few miles (several kilometers) before dissipating.
Explanation :
Like the other planets in our solar system, Venus rotates about its axis. However, Venus is the only planet that rotates from east to west instead of west to east. This means, that if we lived on Venus, the Sun would appear to rise in the west in the morning, and set in the east in the evening. Venus rotates in what is called retrograde motion.
[14] The planet emitting green light is –
A.
Jupiter
B.
Venus
C.
Uranus
D.
Neptune
Ans:
Uranus
Explanation :
The atmosphere of Uranus is composed of 83% hydrogen, 15% helium, 2% methane and small amounts of acetylene and other hydrocarbons. Methane in the upper atmosphere absorbs red light, giving Uranus its blue-green colour.
[15] The light from the Sun reaches the Earth in about—
A.
8 seconds
B.
8 minutes
C.
10 seconds
D.
10 minutes
Ans:
8 minutes
Explanation :
Light travels at 186,000 miles a second at the Earth is 93 million miles to Sun on average. This works out as 8.33 minutes for light from the Sun to reach Earth. On average, it takes energy between 10,000 and 170,000 years to leave the sun's interior and then be emitted from the surface as light. Sunlight, in the broad sense, is the total frequency spectrum of electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, particularly infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light. On Earth, sunlight is filtered through the Earth's atmosphere, and is obvious as daylight when the Sun is above the horizon.
[16] Trees are leafless for a shorter or longer season of the year in:
A.
Evergreen forest
B.
Mangrove forest
C.
Scrub jungle forest
D.
Deciduous forest
Ans:
Deciduous forest
Explanation :
Deciduous means “falling of at maturity" or "tending to fall off”, and is typically used in reference to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally, and to the shedding of other plant structures such as petals after flowering or fruit when ripe. In a more general sense, deciduous means the dropping of a part that is no longer needed, or falling away after its purpose is finished.
[17] The area reserved for the welfare of wild life Is called –
A.
Sanctuary
B.
Forest
C.
National Park
D.
Botanical garden
Ans:
National Park
Explanation :
A National Park is an area which is strictly reserved for the welfare of wildlife and where activities such as forestry, grazing or cultivation are not allowed. Private ownership, rights and habitat, manipulation arc not permitted in a national park. There are 103 national parks in India covering an area of 40,500 km2, which is 1.23% of the geographical area of the country.
[18] There is a need to keep larger area under forests for –
A.
absorption of carbon dioxide
B.
protecting wildlife
C.
raising precipitation
D.
geological balance
Ans:
absorption of carbon dioxide
Explanation :
Forests are considered as sinks of carbon dioxide. A carbon sink is anything that absorbs more carbon that it releases, whilst a carbon source is anything that releases more carbon than is absorb. It is for this reason that they are indispensable in the present global scenario marked by increasing global warming and climate change.
[19] Which one of the following methods of soil conservation is most effective in arid areas?
A.
Mulching
B.
Shelter belt
C.
Gully plugging
D.
Terracing
Ans:
Shelter belt
Explanation :
In arid zones, the harsh conditions of climate and the shortage of water are intensified by the strong winds. Living conditions and agricultural production can often be improved by planting trees and shrubs in protective windbreaks and s-helterbelts which reduce wind velocity and provide shade. Windbreaks and shelterbelts, which are considered synonymous in this manual, are barriers of trees or shrubs that are planted to reduce wind velocities and, as a result, reduce evapo-transpiration and prevent wind erosion; they frequently provide direct benefits to agricultural crops, resulting in higher yields, and provide shelter to livestock, grazing lands, and farms.
[20] Which one of the following does not cause soil erosion?
A.
Deflation
B.
Deforestation
C.
Weathering
D.
Overcropping
Ans:
Deflation
Explanation :
Deflation is a decline in general price-levels, often caused by a reduction in the supply of money or credit. Deflation can also be brought about by direct contractions in spending, either in the form of a reduction in government spending, personal spending or investment spending. Deflation has often had the side effect of increasing unemployment in an economy, since the process often leads to a lower level of demand in the economy.
[21] The deepest surface depression on the earth is –
A.
Kurile Trench
B.
Mariana Trench
C.
Tonga-Kermadec Trench
D.
Bentley Subglacial
Ans:
Mariana Trench
Explanation :
The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, to the east of the Mariana Islands. The trench is about 2,550 kilometres long but has an average width of only 69 kilometres. It reaches a maximum-known depth of 10.994 km at the Challenger Deep.
[22] The coastal part of water bodies of the oceans which is structurally part of the mainland of the continents is called the-
A.
Isthmus
B.
Oceanic ridge
C.
Continental shelf
D.
Continental slope
Ans:
Continental shelf
Explanation :
The continental shelf is the extended perimeter of each continent and associated coastal plain. The shelf usually ends at a point of increasing slope (called the shelf break). The sea floor below the break is the continental slope. Below the slope is the continental rise, which finally merges into the deep ocean floor the abyssal plain.
[23] Which one of the following is not a cold ocean current?
A.
California
B.
Oyashio
C.
Kuroshio
D.
Ganaries
Ans:
Kuroshio
Explanation :
The Kuroshio is a north-flowing warm ocean current on the west side of the North Pacific Ocean. It is similar to the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic, transporting warm, tropical water northward towards the polar region and is part of the North Pacific ocean gyre.
[24] Atmospheric pressure exerted on earth is due to :
A.
rotation of earth
B.
revolution of earth
C.
gravitational pull
D.
uneven heating of earth
Ans:
gravitational pull
Explanation :
The atmosphere is made up of gasses. Gasses are physical substances, and all physical substance has weight. The atmosphere is 25 miles thick, and that 25 miles thick layer of gasses presses down on earth with a weight of 15 lbs. per square inch because of the gravitational pull. That's how atmosphere exerts pressure on the earth.
[25] Which one of the following has the highest wind velocity?
A.
Typhoon
B.
Hurricane
C.
Cyclone
D.
Tornado
Ans:
Tornado
Explanation :
A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. They are often referred to as twisters or cyclones, although the word cyclone is used in meteorology, in a wider sense, to name any closed low pressure circulation. Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes, but they are typically in the form of a visible condensation funnel, whose narrow end touches the earth and is often encircled by a cloud of debris and dust. Most tornadoes have wind speeds less than 110 miles per hour (177 km/h), are about 250 feet (76 m) across, and travel a few miles (several kilometers) before dissipating.
Explanation :
Light travels at 186,000 miles a second at the Earth is 93 million miles to Sun on average. This works out as 8.33 minutes for light from the Sun to reach Earth. On average, it takes energy between 10,000 and 170,000 years to leave the sun's interior and then be emitted from the surface as light. Sunlight, in the broad sense, is the total frequency spectrum of electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, particularly infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light. On Earth, sunlight is filtered through the Earth's atmosphere, and is obvious as daylight when the Sun is above the horizon.
[16] Trees are leafless for a shorter or longer season of the year in:
A.
Evergreen forest
B.
Mangrove forest
C.
Scrub jungle forest
D.
Deciduous forest
Ans:
Deciduous forest
Explanation :
Deciduous means “falling of at maturity" or "tending to fall off”, and is typically used in reference to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally, and to the shedding of other plant structures such as petals after flowering or fruit when ripe. In a more general sense, deciduous means the dropping of a part that is no longer needed, or falling away after its purpose is finished.
[17] The area reserved for the welfare of wild life Is called –
A.
Sanctuary
B.
Forest
C.
National Park
D.
Botanical garden
Ans:
National Park
Explanation :
A National Park is an area which is strictly reserved for the welfare of wildlife and where activities such as forestry, grazing or cultivation are not allowed. Private ownership, rights and habitat, manipulation arc not permitted in a national park. There are 103 national parks in India covering an area of 40,500 km2, which is 1.23% of the geographical area of the country.
[18] There is a need to keep larger area under forests for –
A.
absorption of carbon dioxide
B.
protecting wildlife
C.
raising precipitation
D.
geological balance
Ans:
absorption of carbon dioxide
Explanation :
Forests are considered as sinks of carbon dioxide. A carbon sink is anything that absorbs more carbon that it releases, whilst a carbon source is anything that releases more carbon than is absorb. It is for this reason that they are indispensable in the present global scenario marked by increasing global warming and climate change.
[19] Which one of the following methods of soil conservation is most effective in arid areas?
A.
Mulching
B.
Shelter belt
C.
Gully plugging
D.
Terracing
Ans:
Shelter belt
Explanation :
In arid zones, the harsh conditions of climate and the shortage of water are intensified by the strong winds. Living conditions and agricultural production can often be improved by planting trees and shrubs in protective windbreaks and s-helterbelts which reduce wind velocity and provide shade. Windbreaks and shelterbelts, which are considered synonymous in this manual, are barriers of trees or shrubs that are planted to reduce wind velocities and, as a result, reduce evapo-transpiration and prevent wind erosion; they frequently provide direct benefits to agricultural crops, resulting in higher yields, and provide shelter to livestock, grazing lands, and farms.
[20] Which one of the following does not cause soil erosion?
A.
Deflation
B.
Deforestation
C.
Weathering
D.
Overcropping
Ans:
Deflation
Explanation :
Deflation is a decline in general price-levels, often caused by a reduction in the supply of money or credit. Deflation can also be brought about by direct contractions in spending, either in the form of a reduction in government spending, personal spending or investment spending. Deflation has often had the side effect of increasing unemployment in an economy, since the process often leads to a lower level of demand in the economy.
[21] The deepest surface depression on the earth is –
A.
Kurile Trench
B.
Mariana Trench
C.
Tonga-Kermadec Trench
D.
Bentley Subglacial
Ans:
Mariana Trench
Explanation :
The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, to the east of the Mariana Islands. The trench is about 2,550 kilometres long but has an average width of only 69 kilometres. It reaches a maximum-known depth of 10.994 km at the Challenger Deep.
[22] The coastal part of water bodies of the oceans which is structurally part of the mainland of the continents is called the-
A.
Isthmus
B.
Oceanic ridge
C.
Continental shelf
D.
Continental slope
Ans:
Continental shelf
Explanation :
The continental shelf is the extended perimeter of each continent and associated coastal plain. The shelf usually ends at a point of increasing slope (called the shelf break). The sea floor below the break is the continental slope. Below the slope is the continental rise, which finally merges into the deep ocean floor the abyssal plain.
[23] Which one of the following is not a cold ocean current?
A.
California
B.
Oyashio
C.
Kuroshio
D.
Ganaries
Ans:
Kuroshio
Explanation :
The Kuroshio is a north-flowing warm ocean current on the west side of the North Pacific Ocean. It is similar to the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic, transporting warm, tropical water northward towards the polar region and is part of the North Pacific ocean gyre.
[24] Atmospheric pressure exerted on earth is due to :
A.
rotation of earth
B.
revolution of earth
C.
gravitational pull
D.
uneven heating of earth
Ans:
gravitational pull
Explanation :
The atmosphere is made up of gasses. Gasses are physical substances, and all physical substance has weight. The atmosphere is 25 miles thick, and that 25 miles thick layer of gasses presses down on earth with a weight of 15 lbs. per square inch because of the gravitational pull. That's how atmosphere exerts pressure on the earth.
[25] Which one of the following has the highest wind velocity?
A.
Typhoon
B.
Hurricane
C.
Cyclone
D.
Tornado
Ans:
Tornado
Explanation :
A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. They are often referred to as twisters or cyclones, although the word cyclone is used in meteorology, in a wider sense, to name any closed low pressure circulation. Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes, but they are typically in the form of a visible condensation funnel, whose narrow end touches the earth and is often encircled by a cloud of debris and dust. Most tornadoes have wind speeds less than 110 miles per hour (177 km/h), are about 250 feet (76 m) across, and travel a few miles (several kilometers) before dissipating.
Explanation :
A National Park is an area which is strictly reserved for the welfare of wildlife and where activities such as forestry, grazing or cultivation are not allowed. Private ownership, rights and habitat, manipulation arc not permitted in a national park. There are 103 national parks in India covering an area of 40,500 km2, which is 1.23% of the geographical area of the country.
[18] There is a need to keep larger area under forests for –
A.
absorption of carbon dioxide
B.
protecting wildlife
C.
raising precipitation
D.
geological balance
Ans:
absorption of carbon dioxide
Explanation :
Forests are considered as sinks of carbon dioxide. A carbon sink is anything that absorbs more carbon that it releases, whilst a carbon source is anything that releases more carbon than is absorb. It is for this reason that they are indispensable in the present global scenario marked by increasing global warming and climate change.
[19] Which one of the following methods of soil conservation is most effective in arid areas?
A.
Mulching
B.
Shelter belt
C.
Gully plugging
D.
Terracing
Ans:
Shelter belt
Explanation :
In arid zones, the harsh conditions of climate and the shortage of water are intensified by the strong winds. Living conditions and agricultural production can often be improved by planting trees and shrubs in protective windbreaks and s-helterbelts which reduce wind velocity and provide shade. Windbreaks and shelterbelts, which are considered synonymous in this manual, are barriers of trees or shrubs that are planted to reduce wind velocities and, as a result, reduce evapo-transpiration and prevent wind erosion; they frequently provide direct benefits to agricultural crops, resulting in higher yields, and provide shelter to livestock, grazing lands, and farms.
[20] Which one of the following does not cause soil erosion?
A.
Deflation
B.
Deforestation
C.
Weathering
D.
Overcropping
Ans:
Deflation
Explanation :
Deflation is a decline in general price-levels, often caused by a reduction in the supply of money or credit. Deflation can also be brought about by direct contractions in spending, either in the form of a reduction in government spending, personal spending or investment spending. Deflation has often had the side effect of increasing unemployment in an economy, since the process often leads to a lower level of demand in the economy.
[21] The deepest surface depression on the earth is –
A.
Kurile Trench
B.
Mariana Trench
C.
Tonga-Kermadec Trench
D.
Bentley Subglacial
Ans:
Mariana Trench
Explanation :
The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, to the east of the Mariana Islands. The trench is about 2,550 kilometres long but has an average width of only 69 kilometres. It reaches a maximum-known depth of 10.994 km at the Challenger Deep.
[22] The coastal part of water bodies of the oceans which is structurally part of the mainland of the continents is called the-
A.
Isthmus
B.
Oceanic ridge
C.
Continental shelf
D.
Continental slope
Ans:
Continental shelf
Explanation :
The continental shelf is the extended perimeter of each continent and associated coastal plain. The shelf usually ends at a point of increasing slope (called the shelf break). The sea floor below the break is the continental slope. Below the slope is the continental rise, which finally merges into the deep ocean floor the abyssal plain.
[23] Which one of the following is not a cold ocean current?
A.
California
B.
Oyashio
C.
Kuroshio
D.
Ganaries
Ans:
Kuroshio
Explanation :
The Kuroshio is a north-flowing warm ocean current on the west side of the North Pacific Ocean. It is similar to the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic, transporting warm, tropical water northward towards the polar region and is part of the North Pacific ocean gyre.
[24] Atmospheric pressure exerted on earth is due to :
A.
rotation of earth
B.
revolution of earth
C.
gravitational pull
D.
uneven heating of earth
Ans:
gravitational pull
Explanation :
The atmosphere is made up of gasses. Gasses are physical substances, and all physical substance has weight. The atmosphere is 25 miles thick, and that 25 miles thick layer of gasses presses down on earth with a weight of 15 lbs. per square inch because of the gravitational pull. That's how atmosphere exerts pressure on the earth.
[25] Which one of the following has the highest wind velocity?
A.
Typhoon
B.
Hurricane
C.
Cyclone
D.
Tornado
Ans:
Tornado
Explanation :
A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. They are often referred to as twisters or cyclones, although the word cyclone is used in meteorology, in a wider sense, to name any closed low pressure circulation. Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes, but they are typically in the form of a visible condensation funnel, whose narrow end touches the earth and is often encircled by a cloud of debris and dust. Most tornadoes have wind speeds less than 110 miles per hour (177 km/h), are about 250 feet (76 m) across, and travel a few miles (several kilometers) before dissipating.
Explanation :
In arid zones, the harsh conditions of climate and the shortage of water are intensified by the strong winds. Living conditions and agricultural production can often be improved by planting trees and shrubs in protective windbreaks and s-helterbelts which reduce wind velocity and provide shade. Windbreaks and shelterbelts, which are considered synonymous in this manual, are barriers of trees or shrubs that are planted to reduce wind velocities and, as a result, reduce evapo-transpiration and prevent wind erosion; they frequently provide direct benefits to agricultural crops, resulting in higher yields, and provide shelter to livestock, grazing lands, and farms.
[20] Which one of the following does not cause soil erosion?
A.
Deflation
B.
Deforestation
C.
Weathering
D.
Overcropping
Ans:
Deflation
Explanation :
Deflation is a decline in general price-levels, often caused by a reduction in the supply of money or credit. Deflation can also be brought about by direct contractions in spending, either in the form of a reduction in government spending, personal spending or investment spending. Deflation has often had the side effect of increasing unemployment in an economy, since the process often leads to a lower level of demand in the economy.
[21] The deepest surface depression on the earth is –
A.
Kurile Trench
B.
Mariana Trench
C.
Tonga-Kermadec Trench
D.
Bentley Subglacial
Ans:
Mariana Trench
Explanation :
The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, to the east of the Mariana Islands. The trench is about 2,550 kilometres long but has an average width of only 69 kilometres. It reaches a maximum-known depth of 10.994 km at the Challenger Deep.
[22] The coastal part of water bodies of the oceans which is structurally part of the mainland of the continents is called the-
A.
Isthmus
B.
Oceanic ridge
C.
Continental shelf
D.
Continental slope
Ans:
Continental shelf
Explanation :
The continental shelf is the extended perimeter of each continent and associated coastal plain. The shelf usually ends at a point of increasing slope (called the shelf break). The sea floor below the break is the continental slope. Below the slope is the continental rise, which finally merges into the deep ocean floor the abyssal plain.
[23] Which one of the following is not a cold ocean current?
A.
California
B.
Oyashio
C.
Kuroshio
D.
Ganaries
Ans:
Kuroshio
Explanation :
The Kuroshio is a north-flowing warm ocean current on the west side of the North Pacific Ocean. It is similar to the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic, transporting warm, tropical water northward towards the polar region and is part of the North Pacific ocean gyre.
[24] Atmospheric pressure exerted on earth is due to :
A.
rotation of earth
B.
revolution of earth
C.
gravitational pull
D.
uneven heating of earth
Ans:
gravitational pull
Explanation :
The atmosphere is made up of gasses. Gasses are physical substances, and all physical substance has weight. The atmosphere is 25 miles thick, and that 25 miles thick layer of gasses presses down on earth with a weight of 15 lbs. per square inch because of the gravitational pull. That's how atmosphere exerts pressure on the earth.
[25] Which one of the following has the highest wind velocity?
A.
Typhoon
B.
Hurricane
C.
Cyclone
D.
Tornado
Ans:
Tornado
Explanation :
A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. They are often referred to as twisters or cyclones, although the word cyclone is used in meteorology, in a wider sense, to name any closed low pressure circulation. Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes, but they are typically in the form of a visible condensation funnel, whose narrow end touches the earth and is often encircled by a cloud of debris and dust. Most tornadoes have wind speeds less than 110 miles per hour (177 km/h), are about 250 feet (76 m) across, and travel a few miles (several kilometers) before dissipating.
Explanation :
The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, to the east of the Mariana Islands. The trench is about 2,550 kilometres long but has an average width of only 69 kilometres. It reaches a maximum-known depth of 10.994 km at the Challenger Deep.
[22] The coastal part of water bodies of the oceans which is structurally part of the mainland of the continents is called the-
A.
Isthmus
B.
Oceanic ridge
C.
Continental shelf
D.
Continental slope
Ans:
Continental shelf
Explanation :
The continental shelf is the extended perimeter of each continent and associated coastal plain. The shelf usually ends at a point of increasing slope (called the shelf break). The sea floor below the break is the continental slope. Below the slope is the continental rise, which finally merges into the deep ocean floor the abyssal plain.
[23] Which one of the following is not a cold ocean current?
A.
California
B.
Oyashio
C.
Kuroshio
D.
Ganaries
Ans:
Kuroshio
Explanation :
The Kuroshio is a north-flowing warm ocean current on the west side of the North Pacific Ocean. It is similar to the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic, transporting warm, tropical water northward towards the polar region and is part of the North Pacific ocean gyre.
[24] Atmospheric pressure exerted on earth is due to :
A.
rotation of earth
B.
revolution of earth
C.
gravitational pull
D.
uneven heating of earth
Ans:
gravitational pull
Explanation :
The atmosphere is made up of gasses. Gasses are physical substances, and all physical substance has weight. The atmosphere is 25 miles thick, and that 25 miles thick layer of gasses presses down on earth with a weight of 15 lbs. per square inch because of the gravitational pull. That's how atmosphere exerts pressure on the earth.
[25] Which one of the following has the highest wind velocity?
A.
Typhoon
B.
Hurricane
C.
Cyclone
D.
Tornado
Ans:
Tornado
Explanation :
A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. They are often referred to as twisters or cyclones, although the word cyclone is used in meteorology, in a wider sense, to name any closed low pressure circulation. Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes, but they are typically in the form of a visible condensation funnel, whose narrow end touches the earth and is often encircled by a cloud of debris and dust. Most tornadoes have wind speeds less than 110 miles per hour (177 km/h), are about 250 feet (76 m) across, and travel a few miles (several kilometers) before dissipating.
Explanation :
The Kuroshio is a north-flowing warm ocean current on the west side of the North Pacific Ocean. It is similar to the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic, transporting warm, tropical water northward towards the polar region and is part of the North Pacific ocean gyre.
[24] Atmospheric pressure exerted on earth is due to :
A.
rotation of earth
B.
revolution of earth
C.
gravitational pull
D.
uneven heating of earth
Ans:
gravitational pull
Explanation :
The atmosphere is made up of gasses. Gasses are physical substances, and all physical substance has weight. The atmosphere is 25 miles thick, and that 25 miles thick layer of gasses presses down on earth with a weight of 15 lbs. per square inch because of the gravitational pull. That's how atmosphere exerts pressure on the earth.
[25] Which one of the following has the highest wind velocity?
A.
Typhoon
B.
Hurricane
C.
Cyclone
D.
Tornado
Ans:
Tornado
Explanation :
A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. They are often referred to as twisters or cyclones, although the word cyclone is used in meteorology, in a wider sense, to name any closed low pressure circulation. Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes, but they are typically in the form of a visible condensation funnel, whose narrow end touches the earth and is often encircled by a cloud of debris and dust. Most tornadoes have wind speeds less than 110 miles per hour (177 km/h), are about 250 feet (76 m) across, and travel a few miles (several kilometers) before dissipating.
Explanation :
A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. They are often referred to as twisters or cyclones, although the word cyclone is used in meteorology, in a wider sense, to name any closed low pressure circulation. Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes, but they are typically in the form of a visible condensation funnel, whose narrow end touches the earth and is often encircled by a cloud of debris and dust. Most tornadoes have wind speeds less than 110 miles per hour (177 km/h), are about 250 feet (76 m) across, and travel a few miles (several kilometers) before dissipating.