[1] An ecosystem consists of –
A.
producers, consumers and decomposers in a particular area.
B.
all the plants and animals of an area.
C.
a living community and its environment.
D.
carnivorous and herbivorous of an area
Ans:
a living community and its environment.
Explanation :
An ecosystem consists of communities of many different species living together, and all the physical aspects of the particular habitat, such as like soil, water, and weather.
[2] Humus is a type of –
A.
fossil seen on the rocks
B.
decaying organic matters in soil
C.
fertilizers applied in soil
D.
special growth found in plants
Ans:
decaying organic matters in soil
Explanation :
Humus refers to the decomposed and partly decomposed organic matter or animal and vegetation originally present in the soil.
[3] Tides in the sea are caused by –
A.
effect of Sun
B.
effect of Moon
C.
eombined effect of Moon and Sun
D.
gravitational force of Earth and Sun
Ans:
eombined effect of Moon and Sun
Explanation :
Tide-generating forces (TGF) are a result of the gravitational attraction between the earth, the sun, and the moon and the centrifugal force due to the relative motions of the moon around the earth, and the earth around the sun.
[4] Sea water is saltier than rain water because –
A.
rivers wash away salts from earth and pour them into the sea
B.
sea beds have salt producing mines
C.
sea animals are salt producing
D.
the air around the sea is saltish
Ans:
rivers wash away salts from earth and pour them into the sea
Explanation :
Sea water is saltier than rain water because rivers wash away salts from earth and pour them into the sea.
[5] Which of the following statements is correct?
A.
Lava and magma both have gas
B.
Neither the lava nor the magma has gas
C.
Magma has gas while lava has no gas
D.
Lava has gas while magma has no gas
Ans:
Lava and magma both have gas
Explanation :
Highly viscous lava tends to entrap gas, which form vesicles (bubbles) within the rock as they rise to the surface. Lava with low viscosity tends to easily release bubbling gases as they are formed. Lavas also may contain many other components, sometimes including solid crystals of various minerals, fragments of exotic rocks known as xenoliths and fragments of previously solidified lava. Volcanic eruptions are caused by magma (a mixture of liquid rock, crystals, and dissolved gas) expelled onto the Earth's surface.
[6] A day is added when one crosses –
A.
the equator from south to north
B.
180 degree longitude from east to west
C.
the equator from north to south
D.
180 degree longitude from west to east
Ans:
the equator from south to north
Explanation :
A traveler crossing the International Date Line eastbound subtracts one or 24 hours, so that the calendar date to the west of the line is repeated. Crossing the IDL westbound results in 24 hours being added, advancing the calendar date by one day, The International Date Line is necessary to have a fixed, albeit arbitrary, boundary on the globe where the calendar date advances in the westbound direction.
[7] The moon is showing its same face to the earth because –
A.
It is not rotating about its own axis
B.
Its rotation and revolution are opposite
C.
Its periods of rotation and revolution are the same
D.
Its rotation is faster than its revolution
Ans:
Its periods of rotation and revolution are the same
Explanation :
Because it is "tidally-locked" to the Earth. The Earth's gravity slows down the moon's rotation, so that it rotates at the same speed as it revolves around the Earth. Imagine a person who walks around a center pole, but shifts their body so they are always facing it as they walk.
[8] Stars twinkle but planets do not twinkle because –
A.
they emit light of a constant intensity
B.
their distance from the earth does not change with time
C.
they are very far away from the earth resulting in decrease in intensity of light
D.
they are nearer to the earth and hence we receive a greater amount of light and therefore minor variations in intensity are not noticeable
Ans:
they are nearer to the earth and hence we receive a greater amount of light and therefore minor variations in intensity are not noticeable
Explanation :
Eris is the most massive and second-largest dwarf planet known in the Solar System. It is 27% more massive than dwarf planet Pluto. Eris is the ninth-most-massive known body directly orbiting the Sun, and the largest known body in the Solar System not visited by a spacecraft.
[9] The mass of Jupiter is approximately –
A.
one tenth of the solar mass
B.
one thousandth of the solar mass
C.
one hundredth of the solar mass
D.
half the solar mass
Ans:
one thousandth of the solar mass
Explanation :
Jupiter's radius is about 1/10 the radius of the Sun, and its mass is 0.001 times the mass of the Sun. Jupiter's mass is 2.5 times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined—this is so massive that its barycenter with the Sun lies above the Sun's surface at 1.068 solar radii from the Sun's center.
[10] What is the epicentre of an Earthquake?
A.
The point at which earth-quake originates
B.
The point which is prone to volcanoes
C.
The point from which the intensity of seismic waves declines
D.
The point on the earth's surface vertically above the seismic focus
Ans:
The point on the earth's surface vertically above the seismic focus
Explanation :
The epicenter is the point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or underground explosion originates. In the case of earthquakes, the epicenter is directly above the point where the fault begins to rupture, and in most cases, it is the area of greatest damage.
[11] Which one of the following organizations is responsible for publishing topographical sheets?
A.
Geological Survey of India (G.S.I.)
B.
National Atlas & Thematic Mapping Organisation (N.A. T. M.O.)
C.
Indian Meteorological Department (I.M.D.)
D.
Survey of India (S.O.I.)
Ans:
Survey of India (S.O.I.)
Explanation :
The Survey of India produces a rich "base" of map information through systematic topographical surveys and the use of remote sensing images. Topographic maps provide the graphical portrayal of objects present on the surface of the earth. These maps provide the preliminary, information about a terrain and thus very useful for engineering works.
[12] Troposphere is the hottest part of the atmosphere because-
A.
it is closest to the Sun
B.
there are charged particles in it
C.
it is heated by the Earth's surface
D.
heat is generated in it
Ans:
it is heated by the Earth's surface
Explanation :
The lowest part of the troposphere is the warmest because it is closest to the ground, where the heat is coming from.
[13] The South-East trade winds are attracted towards the Indian sub-continent in the rainy season due to –
A.
the development of cyclone over the equator
B.
the effect of easterlies
C.
the effect of Northern-East trade winds
D.
the presence of low atmospheric pressure over North-West India
Ans:
the presence of low atmospheric pressure over North-West India
Explanation :
During the Rainy Season in India (Mid-June to the end of September), the intense heat that prevails in the Indian subcontinent causes a low pressure region over the Northern Plains in the Northwestern parts of the country, It is intense enough to attract the moisture-bearing winds from the Indian Ocean. Thus, the south-east trade winds from the Southern Hemisphere are attracted towards India. On crossing the equator, they are deflected to their right and blow over the Indian subcontinent as the south-west monsoon winds.
[14] Which one of the following is the correct sequence of ecosystem in the order of decreasing productivity?
A.
Oceans, mangroves, lakes, grassland
B.
Mangroves, oceans, grassland, lakes
C.
Oceans, lakes, grassland, mangroves
D.
Mangroves, grasslands, lakes, oceans
Ans:
Mangroves, grasslands, lakes, oceans
Explanation :
Productivity is the rate of organic matter or biomass production. The average ocean productivity is about 50 grams carbon per square meter per year; while, the average land productivity is 160 grams carbon per square meter per year. Salt marshes and mangroves have one of the highest productivity of 3300-6000 grams carbon per square meter per year. So the correct sequence of ecosystem in the order decreasing productivity is: Mangroves > Grasslands > Lakes > Oceans.
[15] The tides in the sea are primarily due to –
A.
the atmospheric effect of the Earth
B.
the gravitational effect of Venus on the Earth
C.
the gravitational effect of the Sun on the Earth
D.
the gravitational effect of the Moon on the Earth
Ans:
the gravitational effect of the Moon on the Earth
Explanation :
A tide is the periodic rising and falling of Earth's ocean surface caused mainly by the gravitational pull of the Moon acting on the oceans. The height of tides varies somewhat with the phases of the Moon. At New Moon and Full Moon, tides are higher because the Sun's tidal force adds to the Moon's. This is called "spring tide".
[16] Cloud burst means –
A.
Formation of artificial rain
B.
Abnormally heavy downpour of rain, associated with thunderstorm
C.
Presence of scattered flakes of cloud in the sky
D.
Sowing of seeds of a crop in a cloudy weather
Ans:
Abnormally heavy downpour of rain, associated with thunderstorm
Explanation :
A cloudburst is sudden copious rainfall. It is a sudden aggressive rainstorm falling for a short period of time limited to a small geographical area. Generally cloudbursts are associated with thunderstorms
[17] Which of the following is FALSE with respect to rain water harvesting?
A.
It is a device of water conservation.
B.
It helps raising water table.
C.
It helps meet rising water demand.
D.
It increases run-off losses.
Ans:
It increases run-off losses.
Explanation :
Rainwater harvesting is a technique used for collecting, storing, and using rainwater for landscape irrigation and other uses. It, reduces water runoff, improve infiltration and increase the water storage capacity of the soil. By reducing the runoff, it reduces flooding of water on the roads, improves the quality of water and reduces the chances of soil erosion.
[18] Ozone layer is formed due to reactions of :
A.
oxygen and ultraviolet rays
B.
carbon dioxide and layers of atmosphere
C.
cosmic rays and layers of atmosphere
D.
infrared rays and ultraviolet rays
Ans:
oxygen and ultraviolet rays
Explanation :
Ozone in the Earth's stratosphere is created by ultraviolet light striking ordinary oxygen molecules containing two oxygen atoms (O2), splitting them into individual oxygen atoms (atomic oxygen). The atomic oxygen then combines with unbroken O2 to create ozone (O3).
[19] Laterite soils are found in area where –
A.
normal temperature and rain fall is less
B.
temperature is high and rain fall is heavy
C.
temperature is low and rain fall is nominal
D.
temperature is high and rain fall is normal
Ans:
temperature is high and rain fall is heavy
Explanation :
Laterites are soil types rich in iron and aluminium, formed in hot and wet tropical areas. Nearly all laterites are rusty-red because of iron oxides. They develop by intensive and long-lasting weathering of the underlying parent rock. Tropical weathering (laterization) is a prolonged process of chemical weathering which produces a wide variety in the thickness, grade, chemistry and ore mineralogy of the resulting soils.
[20] When does solar eclipse take place?
A.
When the sun is between the moon and earth
B.
When the earth is between the moon and sun
C.
When the moon is between the sun and earth
D.
When the moon does not lie on the line joining the sun and earth
Ans:
When the moon is between the sun and earth
Explanation :
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon gets between Earth and the sun, and the moon casts a shadow over Earth. A solar eclipse can only take place at the phase of new moon, when the moon passes directly between the sun and Earth and its shadows fall upon Earth's surface.
[21] The Montreal Protocol 1987 refers to –
A.
saving the Bio-diversity of our planet
B.
signing of an accord on the peaceful uses of atomic energy
C.
signing of an accord on keeping the antarctica as a nuclear free zone
D.
saving the ozone layer from destruction by reducting the use of CFCs
Ans:
saving the ozone layer from destruction by reducting the use of CFCs
Explanation :
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer) is all international treaty designed to protect the Ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion. The treaty was opened for signature on September 16. 1987, and entered into force on January 1, 1989, followed by a first meeting in Helsinki. May 1989.
[22] What makes an ecosystem?
A.
A living community and its environment
B.
All the plants and animals of an area
C.
Carnivores and herbivores of an area
D.
Producers, consumers and decomposers in a particular locality
Ans:
A living community and its environment
Explanation :
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.
[23] Airmass near to the earth's surface is warmer because it –
A.
radiates heat
B.
contains dust particles
C.
is warmed by terrestrial radiation
D.
is far from the sun
Ans:
is warmed by terrestrial radiation
Explanation :
The air close to the ground is warmer because the earth's surface is what heats the atmosphere, for the most part. Terrestrial radiation accounts for much of the warming of air near the Earth's surface. The further away from the earth's surface we go, the cooler the atmosphere.
[24] Which one of the following is called North-easter?
A.
Cold and fast-blowing winds in northern hemisphere that move from sub-polar to polar regions
B.
Cold and fast-blowing winds in South Pole region
C.
Cold and fast-blowing winds from the polar region in northern hemisphere
D.
Winds blowing towards Kazakhstan in Central Asia
Ans:
Cold and fast-blowing winds from the polar region in northern hemisphere
Explanation :
The polar easterlies are the dry, cold prevailing winds that blow from the high-pressure areas of the polar highs at the north and south poles towards low-pressure areas within the Westerlies at high latitudes. Cold air subsides at the pole creating the high pressure, forcing an equator ward out flow of air: that outflow is then deflected westward by the Coriolis Effect.
[25] Where are the hot deserts generally found?
A.
On the eastern margins of the Tropics
B.
On the western margins of the Tropics
C.
Nearer the Equator
D.
In the middle of the Continents
Ans:
On the western margins of the Tropics
Explanation :
The deserts lie in the belt of the trade winds which blow from northeast in the northern hemisphere and southeast in the southern hemisphere. There-fore, the general direction of the trade winds is from the east to west. These winds shed their moisture on the eastern margins of the continents and by the time they reach the west they have lost their moisture. The hot desert climate is found around the tropics of Capricorn and Cancer, usually on the west side of continents. Examples are the Thar Desert in Pakistan and the Atacama desert in Chile.
Explanation :
An ecosystem consists of communities of many different species living together, and all the physical aspects of the particular habitat, such as like soil, water, and weather.
[2] Humus is a type of –
A.
fossil seen on the rocks
B.
decaying organic matters in soil
C.
fertilizers applied in soil
D.
special growth found in plants
Ans:
decaying organic matters in soil
Explanation :
Humus refers to the decomposed and partly decomposed organic matter or animal and vegetation originally present in the soil.
[3] Tides in the sea are caused by –
A.
effect of Sun
B.
effect of Moon
C.
eombined effect of Moon and Sun
D.
gravitational force of Earth and Sun
Ans:
eombined effect of Moon and Sun
Explanation :
Tide-generating forces (TGF) are a result of the gravitational attraction between the earth, the sun, and the moon and the centrifugal force due to the relative motions of the moon around the earth, and the earth around the sun.
[4] Sea water is saltier than rain water because –
A.
rivers wash away salts from earth and pour them into the sea
B.
sea beds have salt producing mines
C.
sea animals are salt producing
D.
the air around the sea is saltish
Ans:
rivers wash away salts from earth and pour them into the sea
Explanation :
Sea water is saltier than rain water because rivers wash away salts from earth and pour them into the sea.
[5] Which of the following statements is correct?
A.
Lava and magma both have gas
B.
Neither the lava nor the magma has gas
C.
Magma has gas while lava has no gas
D.
Lava has gas while magma has no gas
Ans:
Lava and magma both have gas
Explanation :
Highly viscous lava tends to entrap gas, which form vesicles (bubbles) within the rock as they rise to the surface. Lava with low viscosity tends to easily release bubbling gases as they are formed. Lavas also may contain many other components, sometimes including solid crystals of various minerals, fragments of exotic rocks known as xenoliths and fragments of previously solidified lava. Volcanic eruptions are caused by magma (a mixture of liquid rock, crystals, and dissolved gas) expelled onto the Earth's surface.
[6] A day is added when one crosses –
A.
the equator from south to north
B.
180 degree longitude from east to west
C.
the equator from north to south
D.
180 degree longitude from west to east
Ans:
the equator from south to north
Explanation :
A traveler crossing the International Date Line eastbound subtracts one or 24 hours, so that the calendar date to the west of the line is repeated. Crossing the IDL westbound results in 24 hours being added, advancing the calendar date by one day, The International Date Line is necessary to have a fixed, albeit arbitrary, boundary on the globe where the calendar date advances in the westbound direction.
[7] The moon is showing its same face to the earth because –
A.
It is not rotating about its own axis
B.
Its rotation and revolution are opposite
C.
Its periods of rotation and revolution are the same
D.
Its rotation is faster than its revolution
Ans:
Its periods of rotation and revolution are the same
Explanation :
Because it is "tidally-locked" to the Earth. The Earth's gravity slows down the moon's rotation, so that it rotates at the same speed as it revolves around the Earth. Imagine a person who walks around a center pole, but shifts their body so they are always facing it as they walk.
[8] Stars twinkle but planets do not twinkle because –
A.
they emit light of a constant intensity
B.
their distance from the earth does not change with time
C.
they are very far away from the earth resulting in decrease in intensity of light
D.
they are nearer to the earth and hence we receive a greater amount of light and therefore minor variations in intensity are not noticeable
Ans:
they are nearer to the earth and hence we receive a greater amount of light and therefore minor variations in intensity are not noticeable
Explanation :
Eris is the most massive and second-largest dwarf planet known in the Solar System. It is 27% more massive than dwarf planet Pluto. Eris is the ninth-most-massive known body directly orbiting the Sun, and the largest known body in the Solar System not visited by a spacecraft.
[9] The mass of Jupiter is approximately –
A.
one tenth of the solar mass
B.
one thousandth of the solar mass
C.
one hundredth of the solar mass
D.
half the solar mass
Ans:
one thousandth of the solar mass
Explanation :
Jupiter's radius is about 1/10 the radius of the Sun, and its mass is 0.001 times the mass of the Sun. Jupiter's mass is 2.5 times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined—this is so massive that its barycenter with the Sun lies above the Sun's surface at 1.068 solar radii from the Sun's center.
[10] What is the epicentre of an Earthquake?
A.
The point at which earth-quake originates
B.
The point which is prone to volcanoes
C.
The point from which the intensity of seismic waves declines
D.
The point on the earth's surface vertically above the seismic focus
Ans:
The point on the earth's surface vertically above the seismic focus
Explanation :
The epicenter is the point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or underground explosion originates. In the case of earthquakes, the epicenter is directly above the point where the fault begins to rupture, and in most cases, it is the area of greatest damage.
[11] Which one of the following organizations is responsible for publishing topographical sheets?
A.
Geological Survey of India (G.S.I.)
B.
National Atlas & Thematic Mapping Organisation (N.A. T. M.O.)
C.
Indian Meteorological Department (I.M.D.)
D.
Survey of India (S.O.I.)
Ans:
Survey of India (S.O.I.)
Explanation :
The Survey of India produces a rich "base" of map information through systematic topographical surveys and the use of remote sensing images. Topographic maps provide the graphical portrayal of objects present on the surface of the earth. These maps provide the preliminary, information about a terrain and thus very useful for engineering works.
[12] Troposphere is the hottest part of the atmosphere because-
A.
it is closest to the Sun
B.
there are charged particles in it
C.
it is heated by the Earth's surface
D.
heat is generated in it
Ans:
it is heated by the Earth's surface
Explanation :
The lowest part of the troposphere is the warmest because it is closest to the ground, where the heat is coming from.
[13] The South-East trade winds are attracted towards the Indian sub-continent in the rainy season due to –
A.
the development of cyclone over the equator
B.
the effect of easterlies
C.
the effect of Northern-East trade winds
D.
the presence of low atmospheric pressure over North-West India
Ans:
the presence of low atmospheric pressure over North-West India
Explanation :
During the Rainy Season in India (Mid-June to the end of September), the intense heat that prevails in the Indian subcontinent causes a low pressure region over the Northern Plains in the Northwestern parts of the country, It is intense enough to attract the moisture-bearing winds from the Indian Ocean. Thus, the south-east trade winds from the Southern Hemisphere are attracted towards India. On crossing the equator, they are deflected to their right and blow over the Indian subcontinent as the south-west monsoon winds.
[14] Which one of the following is the correct sequence of ecosystem in the order of decreasing productivity?
A.
Oceans, mangroves, lakes, grassland
B.
Mangroves, oceans, grassland, lakes
C.
Oceans, lakes, grassland, mangroves
D.
Mangroves, grasslands, lakes, oceans
Ans:
Mangroves, grasslands, lakes, oceans
Explanation :
Productivity is the rate of organic matter or biomass production. The average ocean productivity is about 50 grams carbon per square meter per year; while, the average land productivity is 160 grams carbon per square meter per year. Salt marshes and mangroves have one of the highest productivity of 3300-6000 grams carbon per square meter per year. So the correct sequence of ecosystem in the order decreasing productivity is: Mangroves > Grasslands > Lakes > Oceans.
[15] The tides in the sea are primarily due to –
A.
the atmospheric effect of the Earth
B.
the gravitational effect of Venus on the Earth
C.
the gravitational effect of the Sun on the Earth
D.
the gravitational effect of the Moon on the Earth
Ans:
the gravitational effect of the Moon on the Earth
Explanation :
A tide is the periodic rising and falling of Earth's ocean surface caused mainly by the gravitational pull of the Moon acting on the oceans. The height of tides varies somewhat with the phases of the Moon. At New Moon and Full Moon, tides are higher because the Sun's tidal force adds to the Moon's. This is called "spring tide".
[16] Cloud burst means –
A.
Formation of artificial rain
B.
Abnormally heavy downpour of rain, associated with thunderstorm
C.
Presence of scattered flakes of cloud in the sky
D.
Sowing of seeds of a crop in a cloudy weather
Ans:
Abnormally heavy downpour of rain, associated with thunderstorm
Explanation :
A cloudburst is sudden copious rainfall. It is a sudden aggressive rainstorm falling for a short period of time limited to a small geographical area. Generally cloudbursts are associated with thunderstorms
[17] Which of the following is FALSE with respect to rain water harvesting?
A.
It is a device of water conservation.
B.
It helps raising water table.
C.
It helps meet rising water demand.
D.
It increases run-off losses.
Ans:
It increases run-off losses.
Explanation :
Rainwater harvesting is a technique used for collecting, storing, and using rainwater for landscape irrigation and other uses. It, reduces water runoff, improve infiltration and increase the water storage capacity of the soil. By reducing the runoff, it reduces flooding of water on the roads, improves the quality of water and reduces the chances of soil erosion.
[18] Ozone layer is formed due to reactions of :
A.
oxygen and ultraviolet rays
B.
carbon dioxide and layers of atmosphere
C.
cosmic rays and layers of atmosphere
D.
infrared rays and ultraviolet rays
Ans:
oxygen and ultraviolet rays
Explanation :
Ozone in the Earth's stratosphere is created by ultraviolet light striking ordinary oxygen molecules containing two oxygen atoms (O2), splitting them into individual oxygen atoms (atomic oxygen). The atomic oxygen then combines with unbroken O2 to create ozone (O3).
[19] Laterite soils are found in area where –
A.
normal temperature and rain fall is less
B.
temperature is high and rain fall is heavy
C.
temperature is low and rain fall is nominal
D.
temperature is high and rain fall is normal
Ans:
temperature is high and rain fall is heavy
Explanation :
Laterites are soil types rich in iron and aluminium, formed in hot and wet tropical areas. Nearly all laterites are rusty-red because of iron oxides. They develop by intensive and long-lasting weathering of the underlying parent rock. Tropical weathering (laterization) is a prolonged process of chemical weathering which produces a wide variety in the thickness, grade, chemistry and ore mineralogy of the resulting soils.
[20] When does solar eclipse take place?
A.
When the sun is between the moon and earth
B.
When the earth is between the moon and sun
C.
When the moon is between the sun and earth
D.
When the moon does not lie on the line joining the sun and earth
Ans:
When the moon is between the sun and earth
Explanation :
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon gets between Earth and the sun, and the moon casts a shadow over Earth. A solar eclipse can only take place at the phase of new moon, when the moon passes directly between the sun and Earth and its shadows fall upon Earth's surface.
[21] The Montreal Protocol 1987 refers to –
A.
saving the Bio-diversity of our planet
B.
signing of an accord on the peaceful uses of atomic energy
C.
signing of an accord on keeping the antarctica as a nuclear free zone
D.
saving the ozone layer from destruction by reducting the use of CFCs
Ans:
saving the ozone layer from destruction by reducting the use of CFCs
Explanation :
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer) is all international treaty designed to protect the Ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion. The treaty was opened for signature on September 16. 1987, and entered into force on January 1, 1989, followed by a first meeting in Helsinki. May 1989.
[22] What makes an ecosystem?
A.
A living community and its environment
B.
All the plants and animals of an area
C.
Carnivores and herbivores of an area
D.
Producers, consumers and decomposers in a particular locality
Ans:
A living community and its environment
Explanation :
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.
[23] Airmass near to the earth's surface is warmer because it –
A.
radiates heat
B.
contains dust particles
C.
is warmed by terrestrial radiation
D.
is far from the sun
Ans:
is warmed by terrestrial radiation
Explanation :
The air close to the ground is warmer because the earth's surface is what heats the atmosphere, for the most part. Terrestrial radiation accounts for much of the warming of air near the Earth's surface. The further away from the earth's surface we go, the cooler the atmosphere.
[24] Which one of the following is called North-easter?
A.
Cold and fast-blowing winds in northern hemisphere that move from sub-polar to polar regions
B.
Cold and fast-blowing winds in South Pole region
C.
Cold and fast-blowing winds from the polar region in northern hemisphere
D.
Winds blowing towards Kazakhstan in Central Asia
Ans:
Cold and fast-blowing winds from the polar region in northern hemisphere
Explanation :
The polar easterlies are the dry, cold prevailing winds that blow from the high-pressure areas of the polar highs at the north and south poles towards low-pressure areas within the Westerlies at high latitudes. Cold air subsides at the pole creating the high pressure, forcing an equator ward out flow of air: that outflow is then deflected westward by the Coriolis Effect.
[25] Where are the hot deserts generally found?
A.
On the eastern margins of the Tropics
B.
On the western margins of the Tropics
C.
Nearer the Equator
D.
In the middle of the Continents
Ans:
On the western margins of the Tropics
Explanation :
The deserts lie in the belt of the trade winds which blow from northeast in the northern hemisphere and southeast in the southern hemisphere. There-fore, the general direction of the trade winds is from the east to west. These winds shed their moisture on the eastern margins of the continents and by the time they reach the west they have lost their moisture. The hot desert climate is found around the tropics of Capricorn and Cancer, usually on the west side of continents. Examples are the Thar Desert in Pakistan and the Atacama desert in Chile.
Explanation :
Tide-generating forces (TGF) are a result of the gravitational attraction between the earth, the sun, and the moon and the centrifugal force due to the relative motions of the moon around the earth, and the earth around the sun.
[4] Sea water is saltier than rain water because –
A.
rivers wash away salts from earth and pour them into the sea
B.
sea beds have salt producing mines
C.
sea animals are salt producing
D.
the air around the sea is saltish
Ans:
rivers wash away salts from earth and pour them into the sea
Explanation :
Sea water is saltier than rain water because rivers wash away salts from earth and pour them into the sea.
[5] Which of the following statements is correct?
A.
Lava and magma both have gas
B.
Neither the lava nor the magma has gas
C.
Magma has gas while lava has no gas
D.
Lava has gas while magma has no gas
Ans:
Lava and magma both have gas
Explanation :
Highly viscous lava tends to entrap gas, which form vesicles (bubbles) within the rock as they rise to the surface. Lava with low viscosity tends to easily release bubbling gases as they are formed. Lavas also may contain many other components, sometimes including solid crystals of various minerals, fragments of exotic rocks known as xenoliths and fragments of previously solidified lava. Volcanic eruptions are caused by magma (a mixture of liquid rock, crystals, and dissolved gas) expelled onto the Earth's surface.
[6] A day is added when one crosses –
A.
the equator from south to north
B.
180 degree longitude from east to west
C.
the equator from north to south
D.
180 degree longitude from west to east
Ans:
the equator from south to north
Explanation :
A traveler crossing the International Date Line eastbound subtracts one or 24 hours, so that the calendar date to the west of the line is repeated. Crossing the IDL westbound results in 24 hours being added, advancing the calendar date by one day, The International Date Line is necessary to have a fixed, albeit arbitrary, boundary on the globe where the calendar date advances in the westbound direction.
[7] The moon is showing its same face to the earth because –
A.
It is not rotating about its own axis
B.
Its rotation and revolution are opposite
C.
Its periods of rotation and revolution are the same
D.
Its rotation is faster than its revolution
Ans:
Its periods of rotation and revolution are the same
Explanation :
Because it is "tidally-locked" to the Earth. The Earth's gravity slows down the moon's rotation, so that it rotates at the same speed as it revolves around the Earth. Imagine a person who walks around a center pole, but shifts their body so they are always facing it as they walk.
[8] Stars twinkle but planets do not twinkle because –
A.
they emit light of a constant intensity
B.
their distance from the earth does not change with time
C.
they are very far away from the earth resulting in decrease in intensity of light
D.
they are nearer to the earth and hence we receive a greater amount of light and therefore minor variations in intensity are not noticeable
Ans:
they are nearer to the earth and hence we receive a greater amount of light and therefore minor variations in intensity are not noticeable
Explanation :
Eris is the most massive and second-largest dwarf planet known in the Solar System. It is 27% more massive than dwarf planet Pluto. Eris is the ninth-most-massive known body directly orbiting the Sun, and the largest known body in the Solar System not visited by a spacecraft.
[9] The mass of Jupiter is approximately –
A.
one tenth of the solar mass
B.
one thousandth of the solar mass
C.
one hundredth of the solar mass
D.
half the solar mass
Ans:
one thousandth of the solar mass
Explanation :
Jupiter's radius is about 1/10 the radius of the Sun, and its mass is 0.001 times the mass of the Sun. Jupiter's mass is 2.5 times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined—this is so massive that its barycenter with the Sun lies above the Sun's surface at 1.068 solar radii from the Sun's center.
[10] What is the epicentre of an Earthquake?
A.
The point at which earth-quake originates
B.
The point which is prone to volcanoes
C.
The point from which the intensity of seismic waves declines
D.
The point on the earth's surface vertically above the seismic focus
Ans:
The point on the earth's surface vertically above the seismic focus
Explanation :
The epicenter is the point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or underground explosion originates. In the case of earthquakes, the epicenter is directly above the point where the fault begins to rupture, and in most cases, it is the area of greatest damage.
[11] Which one of the following organizations is responsible for publishing topographical sheets?
A.
Geological Survey of India (G.S.I.)
B.
National Atlas & Thematic Mapping Organisation (N.A. T. M.O.)
C.
Indian Meteorological Department (I.M.D.)
D.
Survey of India (S.O.I.)
Ans:
Survey of India (S.O.I.)
Explanation :
The Survey of India produces a rich "base" of map information through systematic topographical surveys and the use of remote sensing images. Topographic maps provide the graphical portrayal of objects present on the surface of the earth. These maps provide the preliminary, information about a terrain and thus very useful for engineering works.
[12] Troposphere is the hottest part of the atmosphere because-
A.
it is closest to the Sun
B.
there are charged particles in it
C.
it is heated by the Earth's surface
D.
heat is generated in it
Ans:
it is heated by the Earth's surface
Explanation :
The lowest part of the troposphere is the warmest because it is closest to the ground, where the heat is coming from.
[13] The South-East trade winds are attracted towards the Indian sub-continent in the rainy season due to –
A.
the development of cyclone over the equator
B.
the effect of easterlies
C.
the effect of Northern-East trade winds
D.
the presence of low atmospheric pressure over North-West India
Ans:
the presence of low atmospheric pressure over North-West India
Explanation :
During the Rainy Season in India (Mid-June to the end of September), the intense heat that prevails in the Indian subcontinent causes a low pressure region over the Northern Plains in the Northwestern parts of the country, It is intense enough to attract the moisture-bearing winds from the Indian Ocean. Thus, the south-east trade winds from the Southern Hemisphere are attracted towards India. On crossing the equator, they are deflected to their right and blow over the Indian subcontinent as the south-west monsoon winds.
[14] Which one of the following is the correct sequence of ecosystem in the order of decreasing productivity?
A.
Oceans, mangroves, lakes, grassland
B.
Mangroves, oceans, grassland, lakes
C.
Oceans, lakes, grassland, mangroves
D.
Mangroves, grasslands, lakes, oceans
Ans:
Mangroves, grasslands, lakes, oceans
Explanation :
Productivity is the rate of organic matter or biomass production. The average ocean productivity is about 50 grams carbon per square meter per year; while, the average land productivity is 160 grams carbon per square meter per year. Salt marshes and mangroves have one of the highest productivity of 3300-6000 grams carbon per square meter per year. So the correct sequence of ecosystem in the order decreasing productivity is: Mangroves > Grasslands > Lakes > Oceans.
[15] The tides in the sea are primarily due to –
A.
the atmospheric effect of the Earth
B.
the gravitational effect of Venus on the Earth
C.
the gravitational effect of the Sun on the Earth
D.
the gravitational effect of the Moon on the Earth
Ans:
the gravitational effect of the Moon on the Earth
Explanation :
A tide is the periodic rising and falling of Earth's ocean surface caused mainly by the gravitational pull of the Moon acting on the oceans. The height of tides varies somewhat with the phases of the Moon. At New Moon and Full Moon, tides are higher because the Sun's tidal force adds to the Moon's. This is called "spring tide".
[16] Cloud burst means –
A.
Formation of artificial rain
B.
Abnormally heavy downpour of rain, associated with thunderstorm
C.
Presence of scattered flakes of cloud in the sky
D.
Sowing of seeds of a crop in a cloudy weather
Ans:
Abnormally heavy downpour of rain, associated with thunderstorm
Explanation :
A cloudburst is sudden copious rainfall. It is a sudden aggressive rainstorm falling for a short period of time limited to a small geographical area. Generally cloudbursts are associated with thunderstorms
[17] Which of the following is FALSE with respect to rain water harvesting?
A.
It is a device of water conservation.
B.
It helps raising water table.
C.
It helps meet rising water demand.
D.
It increases run-off losses.
Ans:
It increases run-off losses.
Explanation :
Rainwater harvesting is a technique used for collecting, storing, and using rainwater for landscape irrigation and other uses. It, reduces water runoff, improve infiltration and increase the water storage capacity of the soil. By reducing the runoff, it reduces flooding of water on the roads, improves the quality of water and reduces the chances of soil erosion.
[18] Ozone layer is formed due to reactions of :
A.
oxygen and ultraviolet rays
B.
carbon dioxide and layers of atmosphere
C.
cosmic rays and layers of atmosphere
D.
infrared rays and ultraviolet rays
Ans:
oxygen and ultraviolet rays
Explanation :
Ozone in the Earth's stratosphere is created by ultraviolet light striking ordinary oxygen molecules containing two oxygen atoms (O2), splitting them into individual oxygen atoms (atomic oxygen). The atomic oxygen then combines with unbroken O2 to create ozone (O3).
[19] Laterite soils are found in area where –
A.
normal temperature and rain fall is less
B.
temperature is high and rain fall is heavy
C.
temperature is low and rain fall is nominal
D.
temperature is high and rain fall is normal
Ans:
temperature is high and rain fall is heavy
Explanation :
Laterites are soil types rich in iron and aluminium, formed in hot and wet tropical areas. Nearly all laterites are rusty-red because of iron oxides. They develop by intensive and long-lasting weathering of the underlying parent rock. Tropical weathering (laterization) is a prolonged process of chemical weathering which produces a wide variety in the thickness, grade, chemistry and ore mineralogy of the resulting soils.
[20] When does solar eclipse take place?
A.
When the sun is between the moon and earth
B.
When the earth is between the moon and sun
C.
When the moon is between the sun and earth
D.
When the moon does not lie on the line joining the sun and earth
Ans:
When the moon is between the sun and earth
Explanation :
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon gets between Earth and the sun, and the moon casts a shadow over Earth. A solar eclipse can only take place at the phase of new moon, when the moon passes directly between the sun and Earth and its shadows fall upon Earth's surface.
[21] The Montreal Protocol 1987 refers to –
A.
saving the Bio-diversity of our planet
B.
signing of an accord on the peaceful uses of atomic energy
C.
signing of an accord on keeping the antarctica as a nuclear free zone
D.
saving the ozone layer from destruction by reducting the use of CFCs
Ans:
saving the ozone layer from destruction by reducting the use of CFCs
Explanation :
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer) is all international treaty designed to protect the Ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion. The treaty was opened for signature on September 16. 1987, and entered into force on January 1, 1989, followed by a first meeting in Helsinki. May 1989.
[22] What makes an ecosystem?
A.
A living community and its environment
B.
All the plants and animals of an area
C.
Carnivores and herbivores of an area
D.
Producers, consumers and decomposers in a particular locality
Ans:
A living community and its environment
Explanation :
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.
[23] Airmass near to the earth's surface is warmer because it –
A.
radiates heat
B.
contains dust particles
C.
is warmed by terrestrial radiation
D.
is far from the sun
Ans:
is warmed by terrestrial radiation
Explanation :
The air close to the ground is warmer because the earth's surface is what heats the atmosphere, for the most part. Terrestrial radiation accounts for much of the warming of air near the Earth's surface. The further away from the earth's surface we go, the cooler the atmosphere.
[24] Which one of the following is called North-easter?
A.
Cold and fast-blowing winds in northern hemisphere that move from sub-polar to polar regions
B.
Cold and fast-blowing winds in South Pole region
C.
Cold and fast-blowing winds from the polar region in northern hemisphere
D.
Winds blowing towards Kazakhstan in Central Asia
Ans:
Cold and fast-blowing winds from the polar region in northern hemisphere
Explanation :
The polar easterlies are the dry, cold prevailing winds that blow from the high-pressure areas of the polar highs at the north and south poles towards low-pressure areas within the Westerlies at high latitudes. Cold air subsides at the pole creating the high pressure, forcing an equator ward out flow of air: that outflow is then deflected westward by the Coriolis Effect.
[25] Where are the hot deserts generally found?
A.
On the eastern margins of the Tropics
B.
On the western margins of the Tropics
C.
Nearer the Equator
D.
In the middle of the Continents
Ans:
On the western margins of the Tropics
Explanation :
The deserts lie in the belt of the trade winds which blow from northeast in the northern hemisphere and southeast in the southern hemisphere. There-fore, the general direction of the trade winds is from the east to west. These winds shed their moisture on the eastern margins of the continents and by the time they reach the west they have lost their moisture. The hot desert climate is found around the tropics of Capricorn and Cancer, usually on the west side of continents. Examples are the Thar Desert in Pakistan and the Atacama desert in Chile.
Explanation :
Highly viscous lava tends to entrap gas, which form vesicles (bubbles) within the rock as they rise to the surface. Lava with low viscosity tends to easily release bubbling gases as they are formed. Lavas also may contain many other components, sometimes including solid crystals of various minerals, fragments of exotic rocks known as xenoliths and fragments of previously solidified lava. Volcanic eruptions are caused by magma (a mixture of liquid rock, crystals, and dissolved gas) expelled onto the Earth's surface.
[6] A day is added when one crosses –
A.
the equator from south to north
B.
180 degree longitude from east to west
C.
the equator from north to south
D.
180 degree longitude from west to east
Ans:
the equator from south to north
Explanation :
A traveler crossing the International Date Line eastbound subtracts one or 24 hours, so that the calendar date to the west of the line is repeated. Crossing the IDL westbound results in 24 hours being added, advancing the calendar date by one day, The International Date Line is necessary to have a fixed, albeit arbitrary, boundary on the globe where the calendar date advances in the westbound direction.
[7] The moon is showing its same face to the earth because –
A.
It is not rotating about its own axis
B.
Its rotation and revolution are opposite
C.
Its periods of rotation and revolution are the same
D.
Its rotation is faster than its revolution
Ans:
Its periods of rotation and revolution are the same
Explanation :
Because it is "tidally-locked" to the Earth. The Earth's gravity slows down the moon's rotation, so that it rotates at the same speed as it revolves around the Earth. Imagine a person who walks around a center pole, but shifts their body so they are always facing it as they walk.
[8] Stars twinkle but planets do not twinkle because –
A.
they emit light of a constant intensity
B.
their distance from the earth does not change with time
C.
they are very far away from the earth resulting in decrease in intensity of light
D.
they are nearer to the earth and hence we receive a greater amount of light and therefore minor variations in intensity are not noticeable
Ans:
they are nearer to the earth and hence we receive a greater amount of light and therefore minor variations in intensity are not noticeable
Explanation :
Eris is the most massive and second-largest dwarf planet known in the Solar System. It is 27% more massive than dwarf planet Pluto. Eris is the ninth-most-massive known body directly orbiting the Sun, and the largest known body in the Solar System not visited by a spacecraft.
[9] The mass of Jupiter is approximately –
A.
one tenth of the solar mass
B.
one thousandth of the solar mass
C.
one hundredth of the solar mass
D.
half the solar mass
Ans:
one thousandth of the solar mass
Explanation :
Jupiter's radius is about 1/10 the radius of the Sun, and its mass is 0.001 times the mass of the Sun. Jupiter's mass is 2.5 times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined—this is so massive that its barycenter with the Sun lies above the Sun's surface at 1.068 solar radii from the Sun's center.
[10] What is the epicentre of an Earthquake?
A.
The point at which earth-quake originates
B.
The point which is prone to volcanoes
C.
The point from which the intensity of seismic waves declines
D.
The point on the earth's surface vertically above the seismic focus
Ans:
The point on the earth's surface vertically above the seismic focus
Explanation :
The epicenter is the point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or underground explosion originates. In the case of earthquakes, the epicenter is directly above the point where the fault begins to rupture, and in most cases, it is the area of greatest damage.
[11] Which one of the following organizations is responsible for publishing topographical sheets?
A.
Geological Survey of India (G.S.I.)
B.
National Atlas & Thematic Mapping Organisation (N.A. T. M.O.)
C.
Indian Meteorological Department (I.M.D.)
D.
Survey of India (S.O.I.)
Ans:
Survey of India (S.O.I.)
Explanation :
The Survey of India produces a rich "base" of map information through systematic topographical surveys and the use of remote sensing images. Topographic maps provide the graphical portrayal of objects present on the surface of the earth. These maps provide the preliminary, information about a terrain and thus very useful for engineering works.
[12] Troposphere is the hottest part of the atmosphere because-
A.
it is closest to the Sun
B.
there are charged particles in it
C.
it is heated by the Earth's surface
D.
heat is generated in it
Ans:
it is heated by the Earth's surface
Explanation :
The lowest part of the troposphere is the warmest because it is closest to the ground, where the heat is coming from.
[13] The South-East trade winds are attracted towards the Indian sub-continent in the rainy season due to –
A.
the development of cyclone over the equator
B.
the effect of easterlies
C.
the effect of Northern-East trade winds
D.
the presence of low atmospheric pressure over North-West India
Ans:
the presence of low atmospheric pressure over North-West India
Explanation :
During the Rainy Season in India (Mid-June to the end of September), the intense heat that prevails in the Indian subcontinent causes a low pressure region over the Northern Plains in the Northwestern parts of the country, It is intense enough to attract the moisture-bearing winds from the Indian Ocean. Thus, the south-east trade winds from the Southern Hemisphere are attracted towards India. On crossing the equator, they are deflected to their right and blow over the Indian subcontinent as the south-west monsoon winds.
[14] Which one of the following is the correct sequence of ecosystem in the order of decreasing productivity?
A.
Oceans, mangroves, lakes, grassland
B.
Mangroves, oceans, grassland, lakes
C.
Oceans, lakes, grassland, mangroves
D.
Mangroves, grasslands, lakes, oceans
Ans:
Mangroves, grasslands, lakes, oceans
Explanation :
Productivity is the rate of organic matter or biomass production. The average ocean productivity is about 50 grams carbon per square meter per year; while, the average land productivity is 160 grams carbon per square meter per year. Salt marshes and mangroves have one of the highest productivity of 3300-6000 grams carbon per square meter per year. So the correct sequence of ecosystem in the order decreasing productivity is: Mangroves > Grasslands > Lakes > Oceans.
[15] The tides in the sea are primarily due to –
A.
the atmospheric effect of the Earth
B.
the gravitational effect of Venus on the Earth
C.
the gravitational effect of the Sun on the Earth
D.
the gravitational effect of the Moon on the Earth
Ans:
the gravitational effect of the Moon on the Earth
Explanation :
A tide is the periodic rising and falling of Earth's ocean surface caused mainly by the gravitational pull of the Moon acting on the oceans. The height of tides varies somewhat with the phases of the Moon. At New Moon and Full Moon, tides are higher because the Sun's tidal force adds to the Moon's. This is called "spring tide".
[16] Cloud burst means –
A.
Formation of artificial rain
B.
Abnormally heavy downpour of rain, associated with thunderstorm
C.
Presence of scattered flakes of cloud in the sky
D.
Sowing of seeds of a crop in a cloudy weather
Ans:
Abnormally heavy downpour of rain, associated with thunderstorm
Explanation :
A cloudburst is sudden copious rainfall. It is a sudden aggressive rainstorm falling for a short period of time limited to a small geographical area. Generally cloudbursts are associated with thunderstorms
[17] Which of the following is FALSE with respect to rain water harvesting?
A.
It is a device of water conservation.
B.
It helps raising water table.
C.
It helps meet rising water demand.
D.
It increases run-off losses.
Ans:
It increases run-off losses.
Explanation :
Rainwater harvesting is a technique used for collecting, storing, and using rainwater for landscape irrigation and other uses. It, reduces water runoff, improve infiltration and increase the water storage capacity of the soil. By reducing the runoff, it reduces flooding of water on the roads, improves the quality of water and reduces the chances of soil erosion.
[18] Ozone layer is formed due to reactions of :
A.
oxygen and ultraviolet rays
B.
carbon dioxide and layers of atmosphere
C.
cosmic rays and layers of atmosphere
D.
infrared rays and ultraviolet rays
Ans:
oxygen and ultraviolet rays
Explanation :
Ozone in the Earth's stratosphere is created by ultraviolet light striking ordinary oxygen molecules containing two oxygen atoms (O2), splitting them into individual oxygen atoms (atomic oxygen). The atomic oxygen then combines with unbroken O2 to create ozone (O3).
[19] Laterite soils are found in area where –
A.
normal temperature and rain fall is less
B.
temperature is high and rain fall is heavy
C.
temperature is low and rain fall is nominal
D.
temperature is high and rain fall is normal
Ans:
temperature is high and rain fall is heavy
Explanation :
Laterites are soil types rich in iron and aluminium, formed in hot and wet tropical areas. Nearly all laterites are rusty-red because of iron oxides. They develop by intensive and long-lasting weathering of the underlying parent rock. Tropical weathering (laterization) is a prolonged process of chemical weathering which produces a wide variety in the thickness, grade, chemistry and ore mineralogy of the resulting soils.
[20] When does solar eclipse take place?
A.
When the sun is between the moon and earth
B.
When the earth is between the moon and sun
C.
When the moon is between the sun and earth
D.
When the moon does not lie on the line joining the sun and earth
Ans:
When the moon is between the sun and earth
Explanation :
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon gets between Earth and the sun, and the moon casts a shadow over Earth. A solar eclipse can only take place at the phase of new moon, when the moon passes directly between the sun and Earth and its shadows fall upon Earth's surface.
[21] The Montreal Protocol 1987 refers to –
A.
saving the Bio-diversity of our planet
B.
signing of an accord on the peaceful uses of atomic energy
C.
signing of an accord on keeping the antarctica as a nuclear free zone
D.
saving the ozone layer from destruction by reducting the use of CFCs
Ans:
saving the ozone layer from destruction by reducting the use of CFCs
Explanation :
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer) is all international treaty designed to protect the Ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion. The treaty was opened for signature on September 16. 1987, and entered into force on January 1, 1989, followed by a first meeting in Helsinki. May 1989.
[22] What makes an ecosystem?
A.
A living community and its environment
B.
All the plants and animals of an area
C.
Carnivores and herbivores of an area
D.
Producers, consumers and decomposers in a particular locality
Ans:
A living community and its environment
Explanation :
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.
[23] Airmass near to the earth's surface is warmer because it –
A.
radiates heat
B.
contains dust particles
C.
is warmed by terrestrial radiation
D.
is far from the sun
Ans:
is warmed by terrestrial radiation
Explanation :
The air close to the ground is warmer because the earth's surface is what heats the atmosphere, for the most part. Terrestrial radiation accounts for much of the warming of air near the Earth's surface. The further away from the earth's surface we go, the cooler the atmosphere.
[24] Which one of the following is called North-easter?
A.
Cold and fast-blowing winds in northern hemisphere that move from sub-polar to polar regions
B.
Cold and fast-blowing winds in South Pole region
C.
Cold and fast-blowing winds from the polar region in northern hemisphere
D.
Winds blowing towards Kazakhstan in Central Asia
Ans:
Cold and fast-blowing winds from the polar region in northern hemisphere
Explanation :
The polar easterlies are the dry, cold prevailing winds that blow from the high-pressure areas of the polar highs at the north and south poles towards low-pressure areas within the Westerlies at high latitudes. Cold air subsides at the pole creating the high pressure, forcing an equator ward out flow of air: that outflow is then deflected westward by the Coriolis Effect.
[25] Where are the hot deserts generally found?
A.
On the eastern margins of the Tropics
B.
On the western margins of the Tropics
C.
Nearer the Equator
D.
In the middle of the Continents
Ans:
On the western margins of the Tropics
Explanation :
The deserts lie in the belt of the trade winds which blow from northeast in the northern hemisphere and southeast in the southern hemisphere. There-fore, the general direction of the trade winds is from the east to west. These winds shed their moisture on the eastern margins of the continents and by the time they reach the west they have lost their moisture. The hot desert climate is found around the tropics of Capricorn and Cancer, usually on the west side of continents. Examples are the Thar Desert in Pakistan and the Atacama desert in Chile.
Explanation :
Because it is "tidally-locked" to the Earth. The Earth's gravity slows down the moon's rotation, so that it rotates at the same speed as it revolves around the Earth. Imagine a person who walks around a center pole, but shifts their body so they are always facing it as they walk.
[8] Stars twinkle but planets do not twinkle because –
A.
they emit light of a constant intensity
B.
their distance from the earth does not change with time
C.
they are very far away from the earth resulting in decrease in intensity of light
D.
they are nearer to the earth and hence we receive a greater amount of light and therefore minor variations in intensity are not noticeable
Ans:
they are nearer to the earth and hence we receive a greater amount of light and therefore minor variations in intensity are not noticeable
Explanation :
Eris is the most massive and second-largest dwarf planet known in the Solar System. It is 27% more massive than dwarf planet Pluto. Eris is the ninth-most-massive known body directly orbiting the Sun, and the largest known body in the Solar System not visited by a spacecraft.
[9] The mass of Jupiter is approximately –
A.
one tenth of the solar mass
B.
one thousandth of the solar mass
C.
one hundredth of the solar mass
D.
half the solar mass
Ans:
one thousandth of the solar mass
Explanation :
Jupiter's radius is about 1/10 the radius of the Sun, and its mass is 0.001 times the mass of the Sun. Jupiter's mass is 2.5 times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined—this is so massive that its barycenter with the Sun lies above the Sun's surface at 1.068 solar radii from the Sun's center.
[10] What is the epicentre of an Earthquake?
A.
The point at which earth-quake originates
B.
The point which is prone to volcanoes
C.
The point from which the intensity of seismic waves declines
D.
The point on the earth's surface vertically above the seismic focus
Ans:
The point on the earth's surface vertically above the seismic focus
Explanation :
The epicenter is the point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or underground explosion originates. In the case of earthquakes, the epicenter is directly above the point where the fault begins to rupture, and in most cases, it is the area of greatest damage.
[11] Which one of the following organizations is responsible for publishing topographical sheets?
A.
Geological Survey of India (G.S.I.)
B.
National Atlas & Thematic Mapping Organisation (N.A. T. M.O.)
C.
Indian Meteorological Department (I.M.D.)
D.
Survey of India (S.O.I.)
Ans:
Survey of India (S.O.I.)
Explanation :
The Survey of India produces a rich "base" of map information through systematic topographical surveys and the use of remote sensing images. Topographic maps provide the graphical portrayal of objects present on the surface of the earth. These maps provide the preliminary, information about a terrain and thus very useful for engineering works.
[12] Troposphere is the hottest part of the atmosphere because-
A.
it is closest to the Sun
B.
there are charged particles in it
C.
it is heated by the Earth's surface
D.
heat is generated in it
Ans:
it is heated by the Earth's surface
Explanation :
The lowest part of the troposphere is the warmest because it is closest to the ground, where the heat is coming from.
[13] The South-East trade winds are attracted towards the Indian sub-continent in the rainy season due to –
A.
the development of cyclone over the equator
B.
the effect of easterlies
C.
the effect of Northern-East trade winds
D.
the presence of low atmospheric pressure over North-West India
Ans:
the presence of low atmospheric pressure over North-West India
Explanation :
During the Rainy Season in India (Mid-June to the end of September), the intense heat that prevails in the Indian subcontinent causes a low pressure region over the Northern Plains in the Northwestern parts of the country, It is intense enough to attract the moisture-bearing winds from the Indian Ocean. Thus, the south-east trade winds from the Southern Hemisphere are attracted towards India. On crossing the equator, they are deflected to their right and blow over the Indian subcontinent as the south-west monsoon winds.
[14] Which one of the following is the correct sequence of ecosystem in the order of decreasing productivity?
A.
Oceans, mangroves, lakes, grassland
B.
Mangroves, oceans, grassland, lakes
C.
Oceans, lakes, grassland, mangroves
D.
Mangroves, grasslands, lakes, oceans
Ans:
Mangroves, grasslands, lakes, oceans
Explanation :
Productivity is the rate of organic matter or biomass production. The average ocean productivity is about 50 grams carbon per square meter per year; while, the average land productivity is 160 grams carbon per square meter per year. Salt marshes and mangroves have one of the highest productivity of 3300-6000 grams carbon per square meter per year. So the correct sequence of ecosystem in the order decreasing productivity is: Mangroves > Grasslands > Lakes > Oceans.
[15] The tides in the sea are primarily due to –
A.
the atmospheric effect of the Earth
B.
the gravitational effect of Venus on the Earth
C.
the gravitational effect of the Sun on the Earth
D.
the gravitational effect of the Moon on the Earth
Ans:
the gravitational effect of the Moon on the Earth
Explanation :
A tide is the periodic rising and falling of Earth's ocean surface caused mainly by the gravitational pull of the Moon acting on the oceans. The height of tides varies somewhat with the phases of the Moon. At New Moon and Full Moon, tides are higher because the Sun's tidal force adds to the Moon's. This is called "spring tide".
[16] Cloud burst means –
A.
Formation of artificial rain
B.
Abnormally heavy downpour of rain, associated with thunderstorm
C.
Presence of scattered flakes of cloud in the sky
D.
Sowing of seeds of a crop in a cloudy weather
Ans:
Abnormally heavy downpour of rain, associated with thunderstorm
Explanation :
A cloudburst is sudden copious rainfall. It is a sudden aggressive rainstorm falling for a short period of time limited to a small geographical area. Generally cloudbursts are associated with thunderstorms
[17] Which of the following is FALSE with respect to rain water harvesting?
A.
It is a device of water conservation.
B.
It helps raising water table.
C.
It helps meet rising water demand.
D.
It increases run-off losses.
Ans:
It increases run-off losses.
Explanation :
Rainwater harvesting is a technique used for collecting, storing, and using rainwater for landscape irrigation and other uses. It, reduces water runoff, improve infiltration and increase the water storage capacity of the soil. By reducing the runoff, it reduces flooding of water on the roads, improves the quality of water and reduces the chances of soil erosion.
[18] Ozone layer is formed due to reactions of :
A.
oxygen and ultraviolet rays
B.
carbon dioxide and layers of atmosphere
C.
cosmic rays and layers of atmosphere
D.
infrared rays and ultraviolet rays
Ans:
oxygen and ultraviolet rays
Explanation :
Ozone in the Earth's stratosphere is created by ultraviolet light striking ordinary oxygen molecules containing two oxygen atoms (O2), splitting them into individual oxygen atoms (atomic oxygen). The atomic oxygen then combines with unbroken O2 to create ozone (O3).
[19] Laterite soils are found in area where –
A.
normal temperature and rain fall is less
B.
temperature is high and rain fall is heavy
C.
temperature is low and rain fall is nominal
D.
temperature is high and rain fall is normal
Ans:
temperature is high and rain fall is heavy
Explanation :
Laterites are soil types rich in iron and aluminium, formed in hot and wet tropical areas. Nearly all laterites are rusty-red because of iron oxides. They develop by intensive and long-lasting weathering of the underlying parent rock. Tropical weathering (laterization) is a prolonged process of chemical weathering which produces a wide variety in the thickness, grade, chemistry and ore mineralogy of the resulting soils.
[20] When does solar eclipse take place?
A.
When the sun is between the moon and earth
B.
When the earth is between the moon and sun
C.
When the moon is between the sun and earth
D.
When the moon does not lie on the line joining the sun and earth
Ans:
When the moon is between the sun and earth
Explanation :
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon gets between Earth and the sun, and the moon casts a shadow over Earth. A solar eclipse can only take place at the phase of new moon, when the moon passes directly between the sun and Earth and its shadows fall upon Earth's surface.
[21] The Montreal Protocol 1987 refers to –
A.
saving the Bio-diversity of our planet
B.
signing of an accord on the peaceful uses of atomic energy
C.
signing of an accord on keeping the antarctica as a nuclear free zone
D.
saving the ozone layer from destruction by reducting the use of CFCs
Ans:
saving the ozone layer from destruction by reducting the use of CFCs
Explanation :
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer) is all international treaty designed to protect the Ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion. The treaty was opened for signature on September 16. 1987, and entered into force on January 1, 1989, followed by a first meeting in Helsinki. May 1989.
[22] What makes an ecosystem?
A.
A living community and its environment
B.
All the plants and animals of an area
C.
Carnivores and herbivores of an area
D.
Producers, consumers and decomposers in a particular locality
Ans:
A living community and its environment
Explanation :
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.
[23] Airmass near to the earth's surface is warmer because it –
A.
radiates heat
B.
contains dust particles
C.
is warmed by terrestrial radiation
D.
is far from the sun
Ans:
is warmed by terrestrial radiation
Explanation :
The air close to the ground is warmer because the earth's surface is what heats the atmosphere, for the most part. Terrestrial radiation accounts for much of the warming of air near the Earth's surface. The further away from the earth's surface we go, the cooler the atmosphere.
[24] Which one of the following is called North-easter?
A.
Cold and fast-blowing winds in northern hemisphere that move from sub-polar to polar regions
B.
Cold and fast-blowing winds in South Pole region
C.
Cold and fast-blowing winds from the polar region in northern hemisphere
D.
Winds blowing towards Kazakhstan in Central Asia
Ans:
Cold and fast-blowing winds from the polar region in northern hemisphere
Explanation :
The polar easterlies are the dry, cold prevailing winds that blow from the high-pressure areas of the polar highs at the north and south poles towards low-pressure areas within the Westerlies at high latitudes. Cold air subsides at the pole creating the high pressure, forcing an equator ward out flow of air: that outflow is then deflected westward by the Coriolis Effect.
[25] Where are the hot deserts generally found?
A.
On the eastern margins of the Tropics
B.
On the western margins of the Tropics
C.
Nearer the Equator
D.
In the middle of the Continents
Ans:
On the western margins of the Tropics
Explanation :
The deserts lie in the belt of the trade winds which blow from northeast in the northern hemisphere and southeast in the southern hemisphere. There-fore, the general direction of the trade winds is from the east to west. These winds shed their moisture on the eastern margins of the continents and by the time they reach the west they have lost their moisture. The hot desert climate is found around the tropics of Capricorn and Cancer, usually on the west side of continents. Examples are the Thar Desert in Pakistan and the Atacama desert in Chile.
Explanation :
Jupiter's radius is about 1/10 the radius of the Sun, and its mass is 0.001 times the mass of the Sun. Jupiter's mass is 2.5 times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined—this is so massive that its barycenter with the Sun lies above the Sun's surface at 1.068 solar radii from the Sun's center.
[10] What is the epicentre of an Earthquake?
A.
The point at which earth-quake originates
B.
The point which is prone to volcanoes
C.
The point from which the intensity of seismic waves declines
D.
The point on the earth's surface vertically above the seismic focus
Ans:
The point on the earth's surface vertically above the seismic focus
Explanation :
The epicenter is the point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or underground explosion originates. In the case of earthquakes, the epicenter is directly above the point where the fault begins to rupture, and in most cases, it is the area of greatest damage.
[11] Which one of the following organizations is responsible for publishing topographical sheets?
A.
Geological Survey of India (G.S.I.)
B.
National Atlas & Thematic Mapping Organisation (N.A. T. M.O.)
C.
Indian Meteorological Department (I.M.D.)
D.
Survey of India (S.O.I.)
Ans:
Survey of India (S.O.I.)
Explanation :
The Survey of India produces a rich "base" of map information through systematic topographical surveys and the use of remote sensing images. Topographic maps provide the graphical portrayal of objects present on the surface of the earth. These maps provide the preliminary, information about a terrain and thus very useful for engineering works.
[12] Troposphere is the hottest part of the atmosphere because-
A.
it is closest to the Sun
B.
there are charged particles in it
C.
it is heated by the Earth's surface
D.
heat is generated in it
Ans:
it is heated by the Earth's surface
Explanation :
The lowest part of the troposphere is the warmest because it is closest to the ground, where the heat is coming from.
[13] The South-East trade winds are attracted towards the Indian sub-continent in the rainy season due to –
A.
the development of cyclone over the equator
B.
the effect of easterlies
C.
the effect of Northern-East trade winds
D.
the presence of low atmospheric pressure over North-West India
Ans:
the presence of low atmospheric pressure over North-West India
Explanation :
During the Rainy Season in India (Mid-June to the end of September), the intense heat that prevails in the Indian subcontinent causes a low pressure region over the Northern Plains in the Northwestern parts of the country, It is intense enough to attract the moisture-bearing winds from the Indian Ocean. Thus, the south-east trade winds from the Southern Hemisphere are attracted towards India. On crossing the equator, they are deflected to their right and blow over the Indian subcontinent as the south-west monsoon winds.
[14] Which one of the following is the correct sequence of ecosystem in the order of decreasing productivity?
A.
Oceans, mangroves, lakes, grassland
B.
Mangroves, oceans, grassland, lakes
C.
Oceans, lakes, grassland, mangroves
D.
Mangroves, grasslands, lakes, oceans
Ans:
Mangroves, grasslands, lakes, oceans
Explanation :
Productivity is the rate of organic matter or biomass production. The average ocean productivity is about 50 grams carbon per square meter per year; while, the average land productivity is 160 grams carbon per square meter per year. Salt marshes and mangroves have one of the highest productivity of 3300-6000 grams carbon per square meter per year. So the correct sequence of ecosystem in the order decreasing productivity is: Mangroves > Grasslands > Lakes > Oceans.
[15] The tides in the sea are primarily due to –
A.
the atmospheric effect of the Earth
B.
the gravitational effect of Venus on the Earth
C.
the gravitational effect of the Sun on the Earth
D.
the gravitational effect of the Moon on the Earth
Ans:
the gravitational effect of the Moon on the Earth
Explanation :
A tide is the periodic rising and falling of Earth's ocean surface caused mainly by the gravitational pull of the Moon acting on the oceans. The height of tides varies somewhat with the phases of the Moon. At New Moon and Full Moon, tides are higher because the Sun's tidal force adds to the Moon's. This is called "spring tide".
[16] Cloud burst means –
A.
Formation of artificial rain
B.
Abnormally heavy downpour of rain, associated with thunderstorm
C.
Presence of scattered flakes of cloud in the sky
D.
Sowing of seeds of a crop in a cloudy weather
Ans:
Abnormally heavy downpour of rain, associated with thunderstorm
Explanation :
A cloudburst is sudden copious rainfall. It is a sudden aggressive rainstorm falling for a short period of time limited to a small geographical area. Generally cloudbursts are associated with thunderstorms
[17] Which of the following is FALSE with respect to rain water harvesting?
A.
It is a device of water conservation.
B.
It helps raising water table.
C.
It helps meet rising water demand.
D.
It increases run-off losses.
Ans:
It increases run-off losses.
Explanation :
Rainwater harvesting is a technique used for collecting, storing, and using rainwater for landscape irrigation and other uses. It, reduces water runoff, improve infiltration and increase the water storage capacity of the soil. By reducing the runoff, it reduces flooding of water on the roads, improves the quality of water and reduces the chances of soil erosion.
[18] Ozone layer is formed due to reactions of :
A.
oxygen and ultraviolet rays
B.
carbon dioxide and layers of atmosphere
C.
cosmic rays and layers of atmosphere
D.
infrared rays and ultraviolet rays
Ans:
oxygen and ultraviolet rays
Explanation :
Ozone in the Earth's stratosphere is created by ultraviolet light striking ordinary oxygen molecules containing two oxygen atoms (O2), splitting them into individual oxygen atoms (atomic oxygen). The atomic oxygen then combines with unbroken O2 to create ozone (O3).
[19] Laterite soils are found in area where –
A.
normal temperature and rain fall is less
B.
temperature is high and rain fall is heavy
C.
temperature is low and rain fall is nominal
D.
temperature is high and rain fall is normal
Ans:
temperature is high and rain fall is heavy
Explanation :
Laterites are soil types rich in iron and aluminium, formed in hot and wet tropical areas. Nearly all laterites are rusty-red because of iron oxides. They develop by intensive and long-lasting weathering of the underlying parent rock. Tropical weathering (laterization) is a prolonged process of chemical weathering which produces a wide variety in the thickness, grade, chemistry and ore mineralogy of the resulting soils.
[20] When does solar eclipse take place?
A.
When the sun is between the moon and earth
B.
When the earth is between the moon and sun
C.
When the moon is between the sun and earth
D.
When the moon does not lie on the line joining the sun and earth
Ans:
When the moon is between the sun and earth
Explanation :
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon gets between Earth and the sun, and the moon casts a shadow over Earth. A solar eclipse can only take place at the phase of new moon, when the moon passes directly between the sun and Earth and its shadows fall upon Earth's surface.
[21] The Montreal Protocol 1987 refers to –
A.
saving the Bio-diversity of our planet
B.
signing of an accord on the peaceful uses of atomic energy
C.
signing of an accord on keeping the antarctica as a nuclear free zone
D.
saving the ozone layer from destruction by reducting the use of CFCs
Ans:
saving the ozone layer from destruction by reducting the use of CFCs
Explanation :
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer) is all international treaty designed to protect the Ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion. The treaty was opened for signature on September 16. 1987, and entered into force on January 1, 1989, followed by a first meeting in Helsinki. May 1989.
[22] What makes an ecosystem?
A.
A living community and its environment
B.
All the plants and animals of an area
C.
Carnivores and herbivores of an area
D.
Producers, consumers and decomposers in a particular locality
Ans:
A living community and its environment
Explanation :
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.
[23] Airmass near to the earth's surface is warmer because it –
A.
radiates heat
B.
contains dust particles
C.
is warmed by terrestrial radiation
D.
is far from the sun
Ans:
is warmed by terrestrial radiation
Explanation :
The air close to the ground is warmer because the earth's surface is what heats the atmosphere, for the most part. Terrestrial radiation accounts for much of the warming of air near the Earth's surface. The further away from the earth's surface we go, the cooler the atmosphere.
[24] Which one of the following is called North-easter?
A.
Cold and fast-blowing winds in northern hemisphere that move from sub-polar to polar regions
B.
Cold and fast-blowing winds in South Pole region
C.
Cold and fast-blowing winds from the polar region in northern hemisphere
D.
Winds blowing towards Kazakhstan in Central Asia
Ans:
Cold and fast-blowing winds from the polar region in northern hemisphere
Explanation :
The polar easterlies are the dry, cold prevailing winds that blow from the high-pressure areas of the polar highs at the north and south poles towards low-pressure areas within the Westerlies at high latitudes. Cold air subsides at the pole creating the high pressure, forcing an equator ward out flow of air: that outflow is then deflected westward by the Coriolis Effect.
[25] Where are the hot deserts generally found?
A.
On the eastern margins of the Tropics
B.
On the western margins of the Tropics
C.
Nearer the Equator
D.
In the middle of the Continents
Ans:
On the western margins of the Tropics
Explanation :
The deserts lie in the belt of the trade winds which blow from northeast in the northern hemisphere and southeast in the southern hemisphere. There-fore, the general direction of the trade winds is from the east to west. These winds shed their moisture on the eastern margins of the continents and by the time they reach the west they have lost their moisture. The hot desert climate is found around the tropics of Capricorn and Cancer, usually on the west side of continents. Examples are the Thar Desert in Pakistan and the Atacama desert in Chile.
Explanation :
The Survey of India produces a rich "base" of map information through systematic topographical surveys and the use of remote sensing images. Topographic maps provide the graphical portrayal of objects present on the surface of the earth. These maps provide the preliminary, information about a terrain and thus very useful for engineering works.
[12] Troposphere is the hottest part of the atmosphere because-
A.
it is closest to the Sun
B.
there are charged particles in it
C.
it is heated by the Earth's surface
D.
heat is generated in it
Ans:
it is heated by the Earth's surface
Explanation :
The lowest part of the troposphere is the warmest because it is closest to the ground, where the heat is coming from.
[13] The South-East trade winds are attracted towards the Indian sub-continent in the rainy season due to –
A.
the development of cyclone over the equator
B.
the effect of easterlies
C.
the effect of Northern-East trade winds
D.
the presence of low atmospheric pressure over North-West India
Ans:
the presence of low atmospheric pressure over North-West India
Explanation :
During the Rainy Season in India (Mid-June to the end of September), the intense heat that prevails in the Indian subcontinent causes a low pressure region over the Northern Plains in the Northwestern parts of the country, It is intense enough to attract the moisture-bearing winds from the Indian Ocean. Thus, the south-east trade winds from the Southern Hemisphere are attracted towards India. On crossing the equator, they are deflected to their right and blow over the Indian subcontinent as the south-west monsoon winds.
[14] Which one of the following is the correct sequence of ecosystem in the order of decreasing productivity?
A.
Oceans, mangroves, lakes, grassland
B.
Mangroves, oceans, grassland, lakes
C.
Oceans, lakes, grassland, mangroves
D.
Mangroves, grasslands, lakes, oceans
Ans:
Mangroves, grasslands, lakes, oceans
Explanation :
Productivity is the rate of organic matter or biomass production. The average ocean productivity is about 50 grams carbon per square meter per year; while, the average land productivity is 160 grams carbon per square meter per year. Salt marshes and mangroves have one of the highest productivity of 3300-6000 grams carbon per square meter per year. So the correct sequence of ecosystem in the order decreasing productivity is: Mangroves > Grasslands > Lakes > Oceans.
[15] The tides in the sea are primarily due to –
A.
the atmospheric effect of the Earth
B.
the gravitational effect of Venus on the Earth
C.
the gravitational effect of the Sun on the Earth
D.
the gravitational effect of the Moon on the Earth
Ans:
the gravitational effect of the Moon on the Earth
Explanation :
A tide is the periodic rising and falling of Earth's ocean surface caused mainly by the gravitational pull of the Moon acting on the oceans. The height of tides varies somewhat with the phases of the Moon. At New Moon and Full Moon, tides are higher because the Sun's tidal force adds to the Moon's. This is called "spring tide".
[16] Cloud burst means –
A.
Formation of artificial rain
B.
Abnormally heavy downpour of rain, associated with thunderstorm
C.
Presence of scattered flakes of cloud in the sky
D.
Sowing of seeds of a crop in a cloudy weather
Ans:
Abnormally heavy downpour of rain, associated with thunderstorm
Explanation :
A cloudburst is sudden copious rainfall. It is a sudden aggressive rainstorm falling for a short period of time limited to a small geographical area. Generally cloudbursts are associated with thunderstorms
[17] Which of the following is FALSE with respect to rain water harvesting?
A.
It is a device of water conservation.
B.
It helps raising water table.
C.
It helps meet rising water demand.
D.
It increases run-off losses.
Ans:
It increases run-off losses.
Explanation :
Rainwater harvesting is a technique used for collecting, storing, and using rainwater for landscape irrigation and other uses. It, reduces water runoff, improve infiltration and increase the water storage capacity of the soil. By reducing the runoff, it reduces flooding of water on the roads, improves the quality of water and reduces the chances of soil erosion.
[18] Ozone layer is formed due to reactions of :
A.
oxygen and ultraviolet rays
B.
carbon dioxide and layers of atmosphere
C.
cosmic rays and layers of atmosphere
D.
infrared rays and ultraviolet rays
Ans:
oxygen and ultraviolet rays
Explanation :
Ozone in the Earth's stratosphere is created by ultraviolet light striking ordinary oxygen molecules containing two oxygen atoms (O2), splitting them into individual oxygen atoms (atomic oxygen). The atomic oxygen then combines with unbroken O2 to create ozone (O3).
[19] Laterite soils are found in area where –
A.
normal temperature and rain fall is less
B.
temperature is high and rain fall is heavy
C.
temperature is low and rain fall is nominal
D.
temperature is high and rain fall is normal
Ans:
temperature is high and rain fall is heavy
Explanation :
Laterites are soil types rich in iron and aluminium, formed in hot and wet tropical areas. Nearly all laterites are rusty-red because of iron oxides. They develop by intensive and long-lasting weathering of the underlying parent rock. Tropical weathering (laterization) is a prolonged process of chemical weathering which produces a wide variety in the thickness, grade, chemistry and ore mineralogy of the resulting soils.
[20] When does solar eclipse take place?
A.
When the sun is between the moon and earth
B.
When the earth is between the moon and sun
C.
When the moon is between the sun and earth
D.
When the moon does not lie on the line joining the sun and earth
Ans:
When the moon is between the sun and earth
Explanation :
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon gets between Earth and the sun, and the moon casts a shadow over Earth. A solar eclipse can only take place at the phase of new moon, when the moon passes directly between the sun and Earth and its shadows fall upon Earth's surface.
[21] The Montreal Protocol 1987 refers to –
A.
saving the Bio-diversity of our planet
B.
signing of an accord on the peaceful uses of atomic energy
C.
signing of an accord on keeping the antarctica as a nuclear free zone
D.
saving the ozone layer from destruction by reducting the use of CFCs
Ans:
saving the ozone layer from destruction by reducting the use of CFCs
Explanation :
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer) is all international treaty designed to protect the Ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion. The treaty was opened for signature on September 16. 1987, and entered into force on January 1, 1989, followed by a first meeting in Helsinki. May 1989.
[22] What makes an ecosystem?
A.
A living community and its environment
B.
All the plants and animals of an area
C.
Carnivores and herbivores of an area
D.
Producers, consumers and decomposers in a particular locality
Ans:
A living community and its environment
Explanation :
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.
[23] Airmass near to the earth's surface is warmer because it –
A.
radiates heat
B.
contains dust particles
C.
is warmed by terrestrial radiation
D.
is far from the sun
Ans:
is warmed by terrestrial radiation
Explanation :
The air close to the ground is warmer because the earth's surface is what heats the atmosphere, for the most part. Terrestrial radiation accounts for much of the warming of air near the Earth's surface. The further away from the earth's surface we go, the cooler the atmosphere.
[24] Which one of the following is called North-easter?
A.
Cold and fast-blowing winds in northern hemisphere that move from sub-polar to polar regions
B.
Cold and fast-blowing winds in South Pole region
C.
Cold and fast-blowing winds from the polar region in northern hemisphere
D.
Winds blowing towards Kazakhstan in Central Asia
Ans:
Cold and fast-blowing winds from the polar region in northern hemisphere
Explanation :
The polar easterlies are the dry, cold prevailing winds that blow from the high-pressure areas of the polar highs at the north and south poles towards low-pressure areas within the Westerlies at high latitudes. Cold air subsides at the pole creating the high pressure, forcing an equator ward out flow of air: that outflow is then deflected westward by the Coriolis Effect.
[25] Where are the hot deserts generally found?
A.
On the eastern margins of the Tropics
B.
On the western margins of the Tropics
C.
Nearer the Equator
D.
In the middle of the Continents
Ans:
On the western margins of the Tropics
Explanation :
The deserts lie in the belt of the trade winds which blow from northeast in the northern hemisphere and southeast in the southern hemisphere. There-fore, the general direction of the trade winds is from the east to west. These winds shed their moisture on the eastern margins of the continents and by the time they reach the west they have lost their moisture. The hot desert climate is found around the tropics of Capricorn and Cancer, usually on the west side of continents. Examples are the Thar Desert in Pakistan and the Atacama desert in Chile.
Explanation :
During the Rainy Season in India (Mid-June to the end of September), the intense heat that prevails in the Indian subcontinent causes a low pressure region over the Northern Plains in the Northwestern parts of the country, It is intense enough to attract the moisture-bearing winds from the Indian Ocean. Thus, the south-east trade winds from the Southern Hemisphere are attracted towards India. On crossing the equator, they are deflected to their right and blow over the Indian subcontinent as the south-west monsoon winds.
[14] Which one of the following is the correct sequence of ecosystem in the order of decreasing productivity?
A.
Oceans, mangroves, lakes, grassland
B.
Mangroves, oceans, grassland, lakes
C.
Oceans, lakes, grassland, mangroves
D.
Mangroves, grasslands, lakes, oceans
Ans:
Mangroves, grasslands, lakes, oceans
Explanation :
Productivity is the rate of organic matter or biomass production. The average ocean productivity is about 50 grams carbon per square meter per year; while, the average land productivity is 160 grams carbon per square meter per year. Salt marshes and mangroves have one of the highest productivity of 3300-6000 grams carbon per square meter per year. So the correct sequence of ecosystem in the order decreasing productivity is: Mangroves > Grasslands > Lakes > Oceans.
[15] The tides in the sea are primarily due to –
A.
the atmospheric effect of the Earth
B.
the gravitational effect of Venus on the Earth
C.
the gravitational effect of the Sun on the Earth
D.
the gravitational effect of the Moon on the Earth
Ans:
the gravitational effect of the Moon on the Earth
Explanation :
A tide is the periodic rising and falling of Earth's ocean surface caused mainly by the gravitational pull of the Moon acting on the oceans. The height of tides varies somewhat with the phases of the Moon. At New Moon and Full Moon, tides are higher because the Sun's tidal force adds to the Moon's. This is called "spring tide".
[16] Cloud burst means –
A.
Formation of artificial rain
B.
Abnormally heavy downpour of rain, associated with thunderstorm
C.
Presence of scattered flakes of cloud in the sky
D.
Sowing of seeds of a crop in a cloudy weather
Ans:
Abnormally heavy downpour of rain, associated with thunderstorm
Explanation :
A cloudburst is sudden copious rainfall. It is a sudden aggressive rainstorm falling for a short period of time limited to a small geographical area. Generally cloudbursts are associated with thunderstorms
[17] Which of the following is FALSE with respect to rain water harvesting?
A.
It is a device of water conservation.
B.
It helps raising water table.
C.
It helps meet rising water demand.
D.
It increases run-off losses.
Ans:
It increases run-off losses.
Explanation :
Rainwater harvesting is a technique used for collecting, storing, and using rainwater for landscape irrigation and other uses. It, reduces water runoff, improve infiltration and increase the water storage capacity of the soil. By reducing the runoff, it reduces flooding of water on the roads, improves the quality of water and reduces the chances of soil erosion.
[18] Ozone layer is formed due to reactions of :
A.
oxygen and ultraviolet rays
B.
carbon dioxide and layers of atmosphere
C.
cosmic rays and layers of atmosphere
D.
infrared rays and ultraviolet rays
Ans:
oxygen and ultraviolet rays
Explanation :
Ozone in the Earth's stratosphere is created by ultraviolet light striking ordinary oxygen molecules containing two oxygen atoms (O2), splitting them into individual oxygen atoms (atomic oxygen). The atomic oxygen then combines with unbroken O2 to create ozone (O3).
[19] Laterite soils are found in area where –
A.
normal temperature and rain fall is less
B.
temperature is high and rain fall is heavy
C.
temperature is low and rain fall is nominal
D.
temperature is high and rain fall is normal
Ans:
temperature is high and rain fall is heavy
Explanation :
Laterites are soil types rich in iron and aluminium, formed in hot and wet tropical areas. Nearly all laterites are rusty-red because of iron oxides. They develop by intensive and long-lasting weathering of the underlying parent rock. Tropical weathering (laterization) is a prolonged process of chemical weathering which produces a wide variety in the thickness, grade, chemistry and ore mineralogy of the resulting soils.
[20] When does solar eclipse take place?
A.
When the sun is between the moon and earth
B.
When the earth is between the moon and sun
C.
When the moon is between the sun and earth
D.
When the moon does not lie on the line joining the sun and earth
Ans:
When the moon is between the sun and earth
Explanation :
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon gets between Earth and the sun, and the moon casts a shadow over Earth. A solar eclipse can only take place at the phase of new moon, when the moon passes directly between the sun and Earth and its shadows fall upon Earth's surface.
[21] The Montreal Protocol 1987 refers to –
A.
saving the Bio-diversity of our planet
B.
signing of an accord on the peaceful uses of atomic energy
C.
signing of an accord on keeping the antarctica as a nuclear free zone
D.
saving the ozone layer from destruction by reducting the use of CFCs
Ans:
saving the ozone layer from destruction by reducting the use of CFCs
Explanation :
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer) is all international treaty designed to protect the Ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion. The treaty was opened for signature on September 16. 1987, and entered into force on January 1, 1989, followed by a first meeting in Helsinki. May 1989.
[22] What makes an ecosystem?
A.
A living community and its environment
B.
All the plants and animals of an area
C.
Carnivores and herbivores of an area
D.
Producers, consumers and decomposers in a particular locality
Ans:
A living community and its environment
Explanation :
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.
[23] Airmass near to the earth's surface is warmer because it –
A.
radiates heat
B.
contains dust particles
C.
is warmed by terrestrial radiation
D.
is far from the sun
Ans:
is warmed by terrestrial radiation
Explanation :
The air close to the ground is warmer because the earth's surface is what heats the atmosphere, for the most part. Terrestrial radiation accounts for much of the warming of air near the Earth's surface. The further away from the earth's surface we go, the cooler the atmosphere.
[24] Which one of the following is called North-easter?
A.
Cold and fast-blowing winds in northern hemisphere that move from sub-polar to polar regions
B.
Cold and fast-blowing winds in South Pole region
C.
Cold and fast-blowing winds from the polar region in northern hemisphere
D.
Winds blowing towards Kazakhstan in Central Asia
Ans:
Cold and fast-blowing winds from the polar region in northern hemisphere
Explanation :
The polar easterlies are the dry, cold prevailing winds that blow from the high-pressure areas of the polar highs at the north and south poles towards low-pressure areas within the Westerlies at high latitudes. Cold air subsides at the pole creating the high pressure, forcing an equator ward out flow of air: that outflow is then deflected westward by the Coriolis Effect.
[25] Where are the hot deserts generally found?
A.
On the eastern margins of the Tropics
B.
On the western margins of the Tropics
C.
Nearer the Equator
D.
In the middle of the Continents
Ans:
On the western margins of the Tropics
Explanation :
The deserts lie in the belt of the trade winds which blow from northeast in the northern hemisphere and southeast in the southern hemisphere. There-fore, the general direction of the trade winds is from the east to west. These winds shed their moisture on the eastern margins of the continents and by the time they reach the west they have lost their moisture. The hot desert climate is found around the tropics of Capricorn and Cancer, usually on the west side of continents. Examples are the Thar Desert in Pakistan and the Atacama desert in Chile.
Explanation :
A tide is the periodic rising and falling of Earth's ocean surface caused mainly by the gravitational pull of the Moon acting on the oceans. The height of tides varies somewhat with the phases of the Moon. At New Moon and Full Moon, tides are higher because the Sun's tidal force adds to the Moon's. This is called "spring tide".
[16] Cloud burst means –
A.
Formation of artificial rain
B.
Abnormally heavy downpour of rain, associated with thunderstorm
C.
Presence of scattered flakes of cloud in the sky
D.
Sowing of seeds of a crop in a cloudy weather
Ans:
Abnormally heavy downpour of rain, associated with thunderstorm
Explanation :
A cloudburst is sudden copious rainfall. It is a sudden aggressive rainstorm falling for a short period of time limited to a small geographical area. Generally cloudbursts are associated with thunderstorms
[17] Which of the following is FALSE with respect to rain water harvesting?
A.
It is a device of water conservation.
B.
It helps raising water table.
C.
It helps meet rising water demand.
D.
It increases run-off losses.
Ans:
It increases run-off losses.
Explanation :
Rainwater harvesting is a technique used for collecting, storing, and using rainwater for landscape irrigation and other uses. It, reduces water runoff, improve infiltration and increase the water storage capacity of the soil. By reducing the runoff, it reduces flooding of water on the roads, improves the quality of water and reduces the chances of soil erosion.
[18] Ozone layer is formed due to reactions of :
A.
oxygen and ultraviolet rays
B.
carbon dioxide and layers of atmosphere
C.
cosmic rays and layers of atmosphere
D.
infrared rays and ultraviolet rays
Ans:
oxygen and ultraviolet rays
Explanation :
Ozone in the Earth's stratosphere is created by ultraviolet light striking ordinary oxygen molecules containing two oxygen atoms (O2), splitting them into individual oxygen atoms (atomic oxygen). The atomic oxygen then combines with unbroken O2 to create ozone (O3).
[19] Laterite soils are found in area where –
A.
normal temperature and rain fall is less
B.
temperature is high and rain fall is heavy
C.
temperature is low and rain fall is nominal
D.
temperature is high and rain fall is normal
Ans:
temperature is high and rain fall is heavy
Explanation :
Laterites are soil types rich in iron and aluminium, formed in hot and wet tropical areas. Nearly all laterites are rusty-red because of iron oxides. They develop by intensive and long-lasting weathering of the underlying parent rock. Tropical weathering (laterization) is a prolonged process of chemical weathering which produces a wide variety in the thickness, grade, chemistry and ore mineralogy of the resulting soils.
[20] When does solar eclipse take place?
A.
When the sun is between the moon and earth
B.
When the earth is between the moon and sun
C.
When the moon is between the sun and earth
D.
When the moon does not lie on the line joining the sun and earth
Ans:
When the moon is between the sun and earth
Explanation :
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon gets between Earth and the sun, and the moon casts a shadow over Earth. A solar eclipse can only take place at the phase of new moon, when the moon passes directly between the sun and Earth and its shadows fall upon Earth's surface.
[21] The Montreal Protocol 1987 refers to –
A.
saving the Bio-diversity of our planet
B.
signing of an accord on the peaceful uses of atomic energy
C.
signing of an accord on keeping the antarctica as a nuclear free zone
D.
saving the ozone layer from destruction by reducting the use of CFCs
Ans:
saving the ozone layer from destruction by reducting the use of CFCs
Explanation :
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer) is all international treaty designed to protect the Ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion. The treaty was opened for signature on September 16. 1987, and entered into force on January 1, 1989, followed by a first meeting in Helsinki. May 1989.
[22] What makes an ecosystem?
A.
A living community and its environment
B.
All the plants and animals of an area
C.
Carnivores and herbivores of an area
D.
Producers, consumers and decomposers in a particular locality
Ans:
A living community and its environment
Explanation :
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.
[23] Airmass near to the earth's surface is warmer because it –
A.
radiates heat
B.
contains dust particles
C.
is warmed by terrestrial radiation
D.
is far from the sun
Ans:
is warmed by terrestrial radiation
Explanation :
The air close to the ground is warmer because the earth's surface is what heats the atmosphere, for the most part. Terrestrial radiation accounts for much of the warming of air near the Earth's surface. The further away from the earth's surface we go, the cooler the atmosphere.
[24] Which one of the following is called North-easter?
A.
Cold and fast-blowing winds in northern hemisphere that move from sub-polar to polar regions
B.
Cold and fast-blowing winds in South Pole region
C.
Cold and fast-blowing winds from the polar region in northern hemisphere
D.
Winds blowing towards Kazakhstan in Central Asia
Ans:
Cold and fast-blowing winds from the polar region in northern hemisphere
Explanation :
The polar easterlies are the dry, cold prevailing winds that blow from the high-pressure areas of the polar highs at the north and south poles towards low-pressure areas within the Westerlies at high latitudes. Cold air subsides at the pole creating the high pressure, forcing an equator ward out flow of air: that outflow is then deflected westward by the Coriolis Effect.
[25] Where are the hot deserts generally found?
A.
On the eastern margins of the Tropics
B.
On the western margins of the Tropics
C.
Nearer the Equator
D.
In the middle of the Continents
Ans:
On the western margins of the Tropics
Explanation :
The deserts lie in the belt of the trade winds which blow from northeast in the northern hemisphere and southeast in the southern hemisphere. There-fore, the general direction of the trade winds is from the east to west. These winds shed their moisture on the eastern margins of the continents and by the time they reach the west they have lost their moisture. The hot desert climate is found around the tropics of Capricorn and Cancer, usually on the west side of continents. Examples are the Thar Desert in Pakistan and the Atacama desert in Chile.
Explanation :
Rainwater harvesting is a technique used for collecting, storing, and using rainwater for landscape irrigation and other uses. It, reduces water runoff, improve infiltration and increase the water storage capacity of the soil. By reducing the runoff, it reduces flooding of water on the roads, improves the quality of water and reduces the chances of soil erosion.
[18] Ozone layer is formed due to reactions of :
A.
oxygen and ultraviolet rays
B.
carbon dioxide and layers of atmosphere
C.
cosmic rays and layers of atmosphere
D.
infrared rays and ultraviolet rays
Ans:
oxygen and ultraviolet rays
Explanation :
Ozone in the Earth's stratosphere is created by ultraviolet light striking ordinary oxygen molecules containing two oxygen atoms (O2), splitting them into individual oxygen atoms (atomic oxygen). The atomic oxygen then combines with unbroken O2 to create ozone (O3).
[19] Laterite soils are found in area where –
A.
normal temperature and rain fall is less
B.
temperature is high and rain fall is heavy
C.
temperature is low and rain fall is nominal
D.
temperature is high and rain fall is normal
Ans:
temperature is high and rain fall is heavy
Explanation :
Laterites are soil types rich in iron and aluminium, formed in hot and wet tropical areas. Nearly all laterites are rusty-red because of iron oxides. They develop by intensive and long-lasting weathering of the underlying parent rock. Tropical weathering (laterization) is a prolonged process of chemical weathering which produces a wide variety in the thickness, grade, chemistry and ore mineralogy of the resulting soils.
[20] When does solar eclipse take place?
A.
When the sun is between the moon and earth
B.
When the earth is between the moon and sun
C.
When the moon is between the sun and earth
D.
When the moon does not lie on the line joining the sun and earth
Ans:
When the moon is between the sun and earth
Explanation :
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon gets between Earth and the sun, and the moon casts a shadow over Earth. A solar eclipse can only take place at the phase of new moon, when the moon passes directly between the sun and Earth and its shadows fall upon Earth's surface.
[21] The Montreal Protocol 1987 refers to –
A.
saving the Bio-diversity of our planet
B.
signing of an accord on the peaceful uses of atomic energy
C.
signing of an accord on keeping the antarctica as a nuclear free zone
D.
saving the ozone layer from destruction by reducting the use of CFCs
Ans:
saving the ozone layer from destruction by reducting the use of CFCs
Explanation :
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer) is all international treaty designed to protect the Ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion. The treaty was opened for signature on September 16. 1987, and entered into force on January 1, 1989, followed by a first meeting in Helsinki. May 1989.
[22] What makes an ecosystem?
A.
A living community and its environment
B.
All the plants and animals of an area
C.
Carnivores and herbivores of an area
D.
Producers, consumers and decomposers in a particular locality
Ans:
A living community and its environment
Explanation :
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.
[23] Airmass near to the earth's surface is warmer because it –
A.
radiates heat
B.
contains dust particles
C.
is warmed by terrestrial radiation
D.
is far from the sun
Ans:
is warmed by terrestrial radiation
Explanation :
The air close to the ground is warmer because the earth's surface is what heats the atmosphere, for the most part. Terrestrial radiation accounts for much of the warming of air near the Earth's surface. The further away from the earth's surface we go, the cooler the atmosphere.
[24] Which one of the following is called North-easter?
A.
Cold and fast-blowing winds in northern hemisphere that move from sub-polar to polar regions
B.
Cold and fast-blowing winds in South Pole region
C.
Cold and fast-blowing winds from the polar region in northern hemisphere
D.
Winds blowing towards Kazakhstan in Central Asia
Ans:
Cold and fast-blowing winds from the polar region in northern hemisphere
Explanation :
The polar easterlies are the dry, cold prevailing winds that blow from the high-pressure areas of the polar highs at the north and south poles towards low-pressure areas within the Westerlies at high latitudes. Cold air subsides at the pole creating the high pressure, forcing an equator ward out flow of air: that outflow is then deflected westward by the Coriolis Effect.
[25] Where are the hot deserts generally found?
A.
On the eastern margins of the Tropics
B.
On the western margins of the Tropics
C.
Nearer the Equator
D.
In the middle of the Continents
Ans:
On the western margins of the Tropics
Explanation :
The deserts lie in the belt of the trade winds which blow from northeast in the northern hemisphere and southeast in the southern hemisphere. There-fore, the general direction of the trade winds is from the east to west. These winds shed their moisture on the eastern margins of the continents and by the time they reach the west they have lost their moisture. The hot desert climate is found around the tropics of Capricorn and Cancer, usually on the west side of continents. Examples are the Thar Desert in Pakistan and the Atacama desert in Chile.
Explanation :
Laterites are soil types rich in iron and aluminium, formed in hot and wet tropical areas. Nearly all laterites are rusty-red because of iron oxides. They develop by intensive and long-lasting weathering of the underlying parent rock. Tropical weathering (laterization) is a prolonged process of chemical weathering which produces a wide variety in the thickness, grade, chemistry and ore mineralogy of the resulting soils.
[20] When does solar eclipse take place?
A.
When the sun is between the moon and earth
B.
When the earth is between the moon and sun
C.
When the moon is between the sun and earth
D.
When the moon does not lie on the line joining the sun and earth
Ans:
When the moon is between the sun and earth
Explanation :
A solar eclipse occurs when the moon gets between Earth and the sun, and the moon casts a shadow over Earth. A solar eclipse can only take place at the phase of new moon, when the moon passes directly between the sun and Earth and its shadows fall upon Earth's surface.
[21] The Montreal Protocol 1987 refers to –
A.
saving the Bio-diversity of our planet
B.
signing of an accord on the peaceful uses of atomic energy
C.
signing of an accord on keeping the antarctica as a nuclear free zone
D.
saving the ozone layer from destruction by reducting the use of CFCs
Ans:
saving the ozone layer from destruction by reducting the use of CFCs
Explanation :
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer) is all international treaty designed to protect the Ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion. The treaty was opened for signature on September 16. 1987, and entered into force on January 1, 1989, followed by a first meeting in Helsinki. May 1989.
[22] What makes an ecosystem?
A.
A living community and its environment
B.
All the plants and animals of an area
C.
Carnivores and herbivores of an area
D.
Producers, consumers and decomposers in a particular locality
Ans:
A living community and its environment
Explanation :
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.
[23] Airmass near to the earth's surface is warmer because it –
A.
radiates heat
B.
contains dust particles
C.
is warmed by terrestrial radiation
D.
is far from the sun
Ans:
is warmed by terrestrial radiation
Explanation :
The air close to the ground is warmer because the earth's surface is what heats the atmosphere, for the most part. Terrestrial radiation accounts for much of the warming of air near the Earth's surface. The further away from the earth's surface we go, the cooler the atmosphere.
[24] Which one of the following is called North-easter?
A.
Cold and fast-blowing winds in northern hemisphere that move from sub-polar to polar regions
B.
Cold and fast-blowing winds in South Pole region
C.
Cold and fast-blowing winds from the polar region in northern hemisphere
D.
Winds blowing towards Kazakhstan in Central Asia
Ans:
Cold and fast-blowing winds from the polar region in northern hemisphere
Explanation :
The polar easterlies are the dry, cold prevailing winds that blow from the high-pressure areas of the polar highs at the north and south poles towards low-pressure areas within the Westerlies at high latitudes. Cold air subsides at the pole creating the high pressure, forcing an equator ward out flow of air: that outflow is then deflected westward by the Coriolis Effect.
[25] Where are the hot deserts generally found?
A.
On the eastern margins of the Tropics
B.
On the western margins of the Tropics
C.
Nearer the Equator
D.
In the middle of the Continents
Ans:
On the western margins of the Tropics
Explanation :
The deserts lie in the belt of the trade winds which blow from northeast in the northern hemisphere and southeast in the southern hemisphere. There-fore, the general direction of the trade winds is from the east to west. These winds shed their moisture on the eastern margins of the continents and by the time they reach the west they have lost their moisture. The hot desert climate is found around the tropics of Capricorn and Cancer, usually on the west side of continents. Examples are the Thar Desert in Pakistan and the Atacama desert in Chile.
Explanation :
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer) is all international treaty designed to protect the Ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion. The treaty was opened for signature on September 16. 1987, and entered into force on January 1, 1989, followed by a first meeting in Helsinki. May 1989.
[22] What makes an ecosystem?
A.
A living community and its environment
B.
All the plants and animals of an area
C.
Carnivores and herbivores of an area
D.
Producers, consumers and decomposers in a particular locality
Ans:
A living community and its environment
Explanation :
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.
[23] Airmass near to the earth's surface is warmer because it –
A.
radiates heat
B.
contains dust particles
C.
is warmed by terrestrial radiation
D.
is far from the sun
Ans:
is warmed by terrestrial radiation
Explanation :
The air close to the ground is warmer because the earth's surface is what heats the atmosphere, for the most part. Terrestrial radiation accounts for much of the warming of air near the Earth's surface. The further away from the earth's surface we go, the cooler the atmosphere.
[24] Which one of the following is called North-easter?
A.
Cold and fast-blowing winds in northern hemisphere that move from sub-polar to polar regions
B.
Cold and fast-blowing winds in South Pole region
C.
Cold and fast-blowing winds from the polar region in northern hemisphere
D.
Winds blowing towards Kazakhstan in Central Asia
Ans:
Cold and fast-blowing winds from the polar region in northern hemisphere
Explanation :
The polar easterlies are the dry, cold prevailing winds that blow from the high-pressure areas of the polar highs at the north and south poles towards low-pressure areas within the Westerlies at high latitudes. Cold air subsides at the pole creating the high pressure, forcing an equator ward out flow of air: that outflow is then deflected westward by the Coriolis Effect.
[25] Where are the hot deserts generally found?
A.
On the eastern margins of the Tropics
B.
On the western margins of the Tropics
C.
Nearer the Equator
D.
In the middle of the Continents
Ans:
On the western margins of the Tropics
Explanation :
The deserts lie in the belt of the trade winds which blow from northeast in the northern hemisphere and southeast in the southern hemisphere. There-fore, the general direction of the trade winds is from the east to west. These winds shed their moisture on the eastern margins of the continents and by the time they reach the west they have lost their moisture. The hot desert climate is found around the tropics of Capricorn and Cancer, usually on the west side of continents. Examples are the Thar Desert in Pakistan and the Atacama desert in Chile.
Explanation :
The air close to the ground is warmer because the earth's surface is what heats the atmosphere, for the most part. Terrestrial radiation accounts for much of the warming of air near the Earth's surface. The further away from the earth's surface we go, the cooler the atmosphere.
[24] Which one of the following is called North-easter?
A.
Cold and fast-blowing winds in northern hemisphere that move from sub-polar to polar regions
B.
Cold and fast-blowing winds in South Pole region
C.
Cold and fast-blowing winds from the polar region in northern hemisphere
D.
Winds blowing towards Kazakhstan in Central Asia
Ans:
Cold and fast-blowing winds from the polar region in northern hemisphere
Explanation :
The polar easterlies are the dry, cold prevailing winds that blow from the high-pressure areas of the polar highs at the north and south poles towards low-pressure areas within the Westerlies at high latitudes. Cold air subsides at the pole creating the high pressure, forcing an equator ward out flow of air: that outflow is then deflected westward by the Coriolis Effect.
[25] Where are the hot deserts generally found?
A.
On the eastern margins of the Tropics
B.
On the western margins of the Tropics
C.
Nearer the Equator
D.
In the middle of the Continents
Ans:
On the western margins of the Tropics
Explanation :
The deserts lie in the belt of the trade winds which blow from northeast in the northern hemisphere and southeast in the southern hemisphere. There-fore, the general direction of the trade winds is from the east to west. These winds shed their moisture on the eastern margins of the continents and by the time they reach the west they have lost their moisture. The hot desert climate is found around the tropics of Capricorn and Cancer, usually on the west side of continents. Examples are the Thar Desert in Pakistan and the Atacama desert in Chile.
Explanation :
The deserts lie in the belt of the trade winds which blow from northeast in the northern hemisphere and southeast in the southern hemisphere. There-fore, the general direction of the trade winds is from the east to west. These winds shed their moisture on the eastern margins of the continents and by the time they reach the west they have lost their moisture. The hot desert climate is found around the tropics of Capricorn and Cancer, usually on the west side of continents. Examples are the Thar Desert in Pakistan and the Atacama desert in Chile.