[1] Which one of the following types of erosion is responsible for the formation of Chambal Ravines?
A.
Splash
B.
Sheet
C.
Rill
D.
Gully
Ans:
Gully
Explanation :
Chambal ravine formation significantly increases soil loss from agricultural lands and severely impacts agricultural productivity. A review of ephemeral gully erosion and spreading rates of the ravenous tracks of Lower Chambal Valley using geospatial tools shows that both the ravenous and the marginal lands have increased during the last 15 years.
[2] The tropical grassland is called –
A.
Pampas
B.
Llanas
C.
Savanah
D.
Veld
Ans:
Savanah
Explanation :
Tropical grasslands (Savannas) are located near the equator, between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. They cover much of Africa as well as large areas of Australia, South America, and India. They are found in tropical wet and dry climates. These areas are hot year-round, usually never dropping under 64 degrees Fahrenheit. Although these areas are overall very dry, they do have a season of, heavy rain. Annual rainfall is from 20-50 inches per year.
[3] The topography of plateau is ideal for –
A.
cultivation
B.
forestry
C.
mining
D.
generation of hydro power
Ans:
generation of hydro power
Explanation :
The prospect of producing electricity from the hydrological resources of the Plateau region lies not, as has been suggested, in the 'region's fast flowing rivers'. The flow rate of most rivers in the region is relatively slow. However, the sloped topography of the plateau itself provides enormous capacity to generate electricity. All existing and planned hydropower projects in the region are based on the simple engineering principle of utilizing gravity to generate energy from the region's rivers. The steep escarpments found in the south-eastern portion of the region provide the natural topographical mechanism to subject the region's water resources to the energy-producing force of gravity.
[4] Desertification can be checked by –
A.
plugging gullies
B.
checking over-grazing
C.
contour ploughing
D.
forming shelter belts
Ans:
checking over-grazing
Explanation :
Overgrazing is the major cause of desertification worldwide. Plants of semi-arid areas are adapted to being eaten by sparsely scattered, large, grazing mammals which move in response to the patchy rainfall common to these regions. Early human pastoralists living in semi-arid areas copied this natural system. They moved their small groups of domestic animals in response to food and water availability. Such regular stock movement prevented overgrazing of the fragile plant cover.
[5] In an iceberg floating in the sea, out of 10 parts of its mass, how much will remain above the surface of the water?
A.
1 part
B.
2 parts
C.
4 parts
D.
6 parts
Ans:
1 part
Explanation :
Because the density of pure ice is about 920 kg/m3, and that of sea water about 1025 kg/m3, typically only one-ninth of the volume of an iceberg is above water.
[6] The main cause of recurring flood is –
A.
Soil erosion
B.
Deforestation
C.
Silting of river beds
D.
All of the above
Ans:
All of the above
Explanation :
Floods are caused by a variety of factors, both natural and man-made. Apart from soil erosion and silting of river beds which force the water of rivers/streams to spill over, deforestation has lately been a key factor in fostering recurrent floods. The presence of trees act as checks against water flow and in turn protect the underlying soil from getting eroded and then getting washed away.
[7] Moraines are formed in –
A.
River deltas
B.
Arid regions
C.
Glacial regions
D.
Monsoon region
Ans:
Glacial regions
Explanation :
A moraine is material left behind by a moving glacier. This material is usually soil and rock. Just as rivers carry along all sorts of debris and silt that eventually builds up to form deltas, glaciers transport all sorts of dirt and boulders that build up to form moraines.
[8] The Himalayan mountain range is an example of –
A.
Volcanic mountain
B.
Residual mountain
C.
Block mountain
D.
Fold mountain
Ans:
Fold mountain
Explanation :
The Himalaya are among the youngest mountain ranges on the planet and consist mostly of uplifted sedimentary and metamorphic rock. They are Fold Mountains which were formed due to a continental collision or orogeny along the convergent boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate.
[9] The area marked by internal drainage –
A.
Plateau
B.
Plains
C.
Deserts
D.
Mountains
Ans:
Deserts
Explanation :
Internal drainage is a closed drainage basin that retains water and allows no outflow to other external bodies of water, such as rivers or oceans, but converges instead into lakes or swamps. Such drainage can occur in any climate but are most commonly found in desert locations. For example: Luni River in Rajasthan has an internal drainage system.
[10] Why is the South Pole colder than the North Pole?
A.
High altitude
B.
More rainfall
C.
Strong winds
D.
Away from the sun
Ans:
High altitude
Explanation :
Both the Arctic (North Pole) and the Antarctic (South Pole) are cold because they don't get any direct sunlight. What makes the South Pole so much colder than the North Pole is that it sits on top of a very thick ice sheet, which itself sits on a continent. The surface of the ice sheet at the South Pole is more than 9,000 feet in elevation—more than a mile and a half above sea level. This elevation makes the South Pole much colder than the North Pole, which sits in the middle of the Arctic Ocean (National Geographic).
[11] is the thinnest layer of Earth.
A.
Mantle
B.
Outer Core
C.
Crust
D.
Inner Core
Ans:
Crust
Explanation :
The Earth can be divided into four main layers: the solid crust on the outside, the mantle, the outer core and the inner core. Out of them, the mantle is the thickest layer (extends from where the crust ends to about 2,890 km), while the crust is the thinnest layer. The crust ranges from 5-70 km in depth and is the outermost layer.
[12] Why the Earth is having its own atmosphere?
A.
Winds
B.
Clouds
C.
Gravity
D.
Rotation of the Earth
Ans:
Gravity
Explanation :
Due to gravity, our Earth has an atmosphere. Gravity causes the gases to be held close to the earth instead of escaping into outer space. Besides, gravity makes the atmosphere denser closer to the Earth – the upper layers push down against the lower layers.
[13] The number of satellites of the planet is Mercury is –
A.
0
B.
1
C.
2
D.
16
Ans:
0
Explanation :
The nearness of Mercury to the massive gravity influence of the Sun is the likely reason that no natural satellites are present, although it is possible that one or more may have existed in the past.
[14] Which of the following does not belong to the solar system?
A.
Asteroids
B.
Comets
C.
Planets
D.
Nebulae
Ans:
Nebulae
Explanation :
A nebula is an interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen, helium and other ionized gases. Originally, nebula was a name for any extended astronomical object, including galaxies beyond the Milky Way. The Andromeda Galaxy, for instance, was referred to as the Andromeda Nebula before galaxies were discovered by Edwin Hubble.
[15] The planet nearest to the Sun is –
A.
Earth
B.
Mercury
C.
Mars
D.
Venus
Ans:
Mercury
Explanation :
Mercury is the innermost planet (nearest to the Sun) in the Solar System. It is also the smallest, and its orbit is the most eccentric (that is, the least perfectly circular) of the eight planets. It orbits the Sun once in about 88 Earth days, completing three rotations about its axis for every two orbits.
[16] Which of these is a dwarf planet?
A.
Neptune
B.
Titan
C.
Eris
D.
Hydra
Ans:
Eris
Explanation :
Eris is the most massive and second-largest dwarf planet known in the Solar System. It is 27% more massive than dwarf planet Pluto. Eris is the ninth-most-massive known body directly orbiting the Sun, and the largest known body in the Solar System not visited by a spacecraft.
[17] What process takes place during the youthful stage of a river?
A.
Valley widening
B.
River rejuvenating
C.
Valley deepening
D.
Meandering
Ans:
Valley deepening
Explanation :
The youthful stage of the river is when water flow is the quickest. Because of steep slope and steep channel gradient in this stage, rivers actively deepen their valleys through vertical erosion. The valley becomes deep and narrow characterized by steep valley side slopes of convex plan. Waterfalls, V- shaped valleys and interlocking spurs are features of this stage.
[18] Winds blowing constantly in one direction in rocky deserts form –
A.
Chimneys
B.
Mushrooms rocks
C.
Yardangs
D.
Demoiselles
Ans:
Yardangs
Explanation :
In regions of rocky deserts, wind abrasion excavates the bands of softer rocks into long, narrow corridors, separating the steep-sided over-hanging ridges of hard rocks, called yardangs. Instead of lying in horizontal strata upon one another, the hard and soft rocks of yardangs are vertical bands and are aligned in the direction of the prevailing winds.
[19] Rainfall caused by intense evaporation in equatorial areas is called _.
A.
Orographic rainfall
B.
Cyclonic rainfall
C.
Frontal rainfall
D.
Convectional rainfall
Ans:
Convectional rainfall
Explanation :
The equatorial regions are known for convectional rainfall that occurs due to the thermal convection currents caused due to the heating of ground due to insolation. In these, the warm air rises up and expands then, reaches at a cooler layer and saturates, then condenses mainly in the form of cumulus or cumulonimbus clouds. The equatorial regions receive convectional rainfall almost on a daily basis. The rainfall is of very short duration but in the form of heavy showers.
[20] Ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere is absorbed by –
A.
SO2
B.
Ozone
C.
Oxygen
D.
Argon
Ans:
Ozone
Explanation :
The ozone layer of Earth's stratosphere absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. It absorbs 97 to 99 percent of the Sun's medium-frequency ultravi-olet light (from about 200 nm to 315 nm wavelength), which otherwise would potentially damage exposed life forms on the earth.
[21] The gentle 'seaward sloping surface from the coasts is called .
A.
Continental shelf
B.
Continental rise
C.
Abyssal plains
D.
Submarine ridges
Ans:
Continental shelf
Explanation :
Continental Shelf is a gentle seaward sloping surface extending from the coasts towards the open sea. In all, about 7.5% of the total area of the oceans is covered by the continental shelves. The shelf is formed by the drowning of a part of a continent with a relative rise in sea level or marine deposition beneath the water.
[22] Ring of Fire is found commonly in .
A.
Pacific Ocean
B.
Atlantic Ocean
C.
Indian Ocean
D.
Arctic Ocean
Ans:
Pacific Ocean
Explanation :
The Ring of Fire is an area where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean. It has 452 volcanoes and is home to over 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes. It is sometimes called the circum-Pacific belt.
[23] Who of the following has given the term rhizoshcre :
A.
Garret
B.
Alexopolus
C.
Hiltner
D.
None of the given options
Ans:
Hiltner
Explanation :
Lorenz Hiltner is recognized as the first scientist to coin the term "rhizosphere" in 1904. The word is derived from the Greek word 'rhiza', meaning root. and 'sphere', meaning field of influence. Hiltner defined the rhizosphere as the zone of soil immediately adjacent to legume roots that supports high levels of bacterial activity.
[24] The asha-grey soils of high-latitude coniferous forests a known as :
A.
Tundra soils
B.
Podsols
C.
Grey-Brown soils
D.
Red and Yellow soils
Ans:
Podsols
Explanation :
Podsols are ash-grey coloured soils that are found in high-latitude coniferous forest belt having very long cold winters, short cool summers and a moderate precipitation throughout the year. These soils are acidic. infertile and of limited value for agriculture. These are useful for dairying and mixed farming.
[25] Species which has restricted distribution ion is called –
A.
Eco species
B.
Endemic
C.
Sympatric
D.
Allopatric
Ans:
Endemic
Explanation :
Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type. Species found in such restricted geo- graphical area are called endemic species.
Explanation :
Chambal ravine formation significantly increases soil loss from agricultural lands and severely impacts agricultural productivity. A review of ephemeral gully erosion and spreading rates of the ravenous tracks of Lower Chambal Valley using geospatial tools shows that both the ravenous and the marginal lands have increased during the last 15 years.
[2] The tropical grassland is called –
A.
Pampas
B.
Llanas
C.
Savanah
D.
Veld
Ans:
Savanah
Explanation :
Tropical grasslands (Savannas) are located near the equator, between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. They cover much of Africa as well as large areas of Australia, South America, and India. They are found in tropical wet and dry climates. These areas are hot year-round, usually never dropping under 64 degrees Fahrenheit. Although these areas are overall very dry, they do have a season of, heavy rain. Annual rainfall is from 20-50 inches per year.
[3] The topography of plateau is ideal for –
A.
cultivation
B.
forestry
C.
mining
D.
generation of hydro power
Ans:
generation of hydro power
Explanation :
The prospect of producing electricity from the hydrological resources of the Plateau region lies not, as has been suggested, in the 'region's fast flowing rivers'. The flow rate of most rivers in the region is relatively slow. However, the sloped topography of the plateau itself provides enormous capacity to generate electricity. All existing and planned hydropower projects in the region are based on the simple engineering principle of utilizing gravity to generate energy from the region's rivers. The steep escarpments found in the south-eastern portion of the region provide the natural topographical mechanism to subject the region's water resources to the energy-producing force of gravity.
[4] Desertification can be checked by –
A.
plugging gullies
B.
checking over-grazing
C.
contour ploughing
D.
forming shelter belts
Ans:
checking over-grazing
Explanation :
Overgrazing is the major cause of desertification worldwide. Plants of semi-arid areas are adapted to being eaten by sparsely scattered, large, grazing mammals which move in response to the patchy rainfall common to these regions. Early human pastoralists living in semi-arid areas copied this natural system. They moved their small groups of domestic animals in response to food and water availability. Such regular stock movement prevented overgrazing of the fragile plant cover.
[5] In an iceberg floating in the sea, out of 10 parts of its mass, how much will remain above the surface of the water?
A.
1 part
B.
2 parts
C.
4 parts
D.
6 parts
Ans:
1 part
Explanation :
Because the density of pure ice is about 920 kg/m3, and that of sea water about 1025 kg/m3, typically only one-ninth of the volume of an iceberg is above water.
[6] The main cause of recurring flood is –
A.
Soil erosion
B.
Deforestation
C.
Silting of river beds
D.
All of the above
Ans:
All of the above
Explanation :
Floods are caused by a variety of factors, both natural and man-made. Apart from soil erosion and silting of river beds which force the water of rivers/streams to spill over, deforestation has lately been a key factor in fostering recurrent floods. The presence of trees act as checks against water flow and in turn protect the underlying soil from getting eroded and then getting washed away.
[7] Moraines are formed in –
A.
River deltas
B.
Arid regions
C.
Glacial regions
D.
Monsoon region
Ans:
Glacial regions
Explanation :
A moraine is material left behind by a moving glacier. This material is usually soil and rock. Just as rivers carry along all sorts of debris and silt that eventually builds up to form deltas, glaciers transport all sorts of dirt and boulders that build up to form moraines.
[8] The Himalayan mountain range is an example of –
A.
Volcanic mountain
B.
Residual mountain
C.
Block mountain
D.
Fold mountain
Ans:
Fold mountain
Explanation :
The Himalaya are among the youngest mountain ranges on the planet and consist mostly of uplifted sedimentary and metamorphic rock. They are Fold Mountains which were formed due to a continental collision or orogeny along the convergent boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate.
[9] The area marked by internal drainage –
A.
Plateau
B.
Plains
C.
Deserts
D.
Mountains
Ans:
Deserts
Explanation :
Internal drainage is a closed drainage basin that retains water and allows no outflow to other external bodies of water, such as rivers or oceans, but converges instead into lakes or swamps. Such drainage can occur in any climate but are most commonly found in desert locations. For example: Luni River in Rajasthan has an internal drainage system.
[10] Why is the South Pole colder than the North Pole?
A.
High altitude
B.
More rainfall
C.
Strong winds
D.
Away from the sun
Ans:
High altitude
Explanation :
Both the Arctic (North Pole) and the Antarctic (South Pole) are cold because they don't get any direct sunlight. What makes the South Pole so much colder than the North Pole is that it sits on top of a very thick ice sheet, which itself sits on a continent. The surface of the ice sheet at the South Pole is more than 9,000 feet in elevation—more than a mile and a half above sea level. This elevation makes the South Pole much colder than the North Pole, which sits in the middle of the Arctic Ocean (National Geographic).
[11] is the thinnest layer of Earth.
A.
Mantle
B.
Outer Core
C.
Crust
D.
Inner Core
Ans:
Crust
Explanation :
The Earth can be divided into four main layers: the solid crust on the outside, the mantle, the outer core and the inner core. Out of them, the mantle is the thickest layer (extends from where the crust ends to about 2,890 km), while the crust is the thinnest layer. The crust ranges from 5-70 km in depth and is the outermost layer.
[12] Why the Earth is having its own atmosphere?
A.
Winds
B.
Clouds
C.
Gravity
D.
Rotation of the Earth
Ans:
Gravity
Explanation :
Due to gravity, our Earth has an atmosphere. Gravity causes the gases to be held close to the earth instead of escaping into outer space. Besides, gravity makes the atmosphere denser closer to the Earth – the upper layers push down against the lower layers.
[13] The number of satellites of the planet is Mercury is –
A.
0
B.
1
C.
2
D.
16
Ans:
0
Explanation :
The nearness of Mercury to the massive gravity influence of the Sun is the likely reason that no natural satellites are present, although it is possible that one or more may have existed in the past.
[14] Which of the following does not belong to the solar system?
A.
Asteroids
B.
Comets
C.
Planets
D.
Nebulae
Ans:
Nebulae
Explanation :
A nebula is an interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen, helium and other ionized gases. Originally, nebula was a name for any extended astronomical object, including galaxies beyond the Milky Way. The Andromeda Galaxy, for instance, was referred to as the Andromeda Nebula before galaxies were discovered by Edwin Hubble.
[15] The planet nearest to the Sun is –
A.
Earth
B.
Mercury
C.
Mars
D.
Venus
Ans:
Mercury
Explanation :
Mercury is the innermost planet (nearest to the Sun) in the Solar System. It is also the smallest, and its orbit is the most eccentric (that is, the least perfectly circular) of the eight planets. It orbits the Sun once in about 88 Earth days, completing three rotations about its axis for every two orbits.
[16] Which of these is a dwarf planet?
A.
Neptune
B.
Titan
C.
Eris
D.
Hydra
Ans:
Eris
Explanation :
Eris is the most massive and second-largest dwarf planet known in the Solar System. It is 27% more massive than dwarf planet Pluto. Eris is the ninth-most-massive known body directly orbiting the Sun, and the largest known body in the Solar System not visited by a spacecraft.
[17] What process takes place during the youthful stage of a river?
A.
Valley widening
B.
River rejuvenating
C.
Valley deepening
D.
Meandering
Ans:
Valley deepening
Explanation :
The youthful stage of the river is when water flow is the quickest. Because of steep slope and steep channel gradient in this stage, rivers actively deepen their valleys through vertical erosion. The valley becomes deep and narrow characterized by steep valley side slopes of convex plan. Waterfalls, V- shaped valleys and interlocking spurs are features of this stage.
[18] Winds blowing constantly in one direction in rocky deserts form –
A.
Chimneys
B.
Mushrooms rocks
C.
Yardangs
D.
Demoiselles
Ans:
Yardangs
Explanation :
In regions of rocky deserts, wind abrasion excavates the bands of softer rocks into long, narrow corridors, separating the steep-sided over-hanging ridges of hard rocks, called yardangs. Instead of lying in horizontal strata upon one another, the hard and soft rocks of yardangs are vertical bands and are aligned in the direction of the prevailing winds.
[19] Rainfall caused by intense evaporation in equatorial areas is called _.
A.
Orographic rainfall
B.
Cyclonic rainfall
C.
Frontal rainfall
D.
Convectional rainfall
Ans:
Convectional rainfall
Explanation :
The equatorial regions are known for convectional rainfall that occurs due to the thermal convection currents caused due to the heating of ground due to insolation. In these, the warm air rises up and expands then, reaches at a cooler layer and saturates, then condenses mainly in the form of cumulus or cumulonimbus clouds. The equatorial regions receive convectional rainfall almost on a daily basis. The rainfall is of very short duration but in the form of heavy showers.
[20] Ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere is absorbed by –
A.
SO2
B.
Ozone
C.
Oxygen
D.
Argon
Ans:
Ozone
Explanation :
The ozone layer of Earth's stratosphere absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. It absorbs 97 to 99 percent of the Sun's medium-frequency ultravi-olet light (from about 200 nm to 315 nm wavelength), which otherwise would potentially damage exposed life forms on the earth.
[21] The gentle 'seaward sloping surface from the coasts is called .
A.
Continental shelf
B.
Continental rise
C.
Abyssal plains
D.
Submarine ridges
Ans:
Continental shelf
Explanation :
Continental Shelf is a gentle seaward sloping surface extending from the coasts towards the open sea. In all, about 7.5% of the total area of the oceans is covered by the continental shelves. The shelf is formed by the drowning of a part of a continent with a relative rise in sea level or marine deposition beneath the water.
[22] Ring of Fire is found commonly in .
A.
Pacific Ocean
B.
Atlantic Ocean
C.
Indian Ocean
D.
Arctic Ocean
Ans:
Pacific Ocean
Explanation :
The Ring of Fire is an area where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean. It has 452 volcanoes and is home to over 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes. It is sometimes called the circum-Pacific belt.
[23] Who of the following has given the term rhizoshcre :
A.
Garret
B.
Alexopolus
C.
Hiltner
D.
None of the given options
Ans:
Hiltner
Explanation :
Lorenz Hiltner is recognized as the first scientist to coin the term "rhizosphere" in 1904. The word is derived from the Greek word 'rhiza', meaning root. and 'sphere', meaning field of influence. Hiltner defined the rhizosphere as the zone of soil immediately adjacent to legume roots that supports high levels of bacterial activity.
[24] The asha-grey soils of high-latitude coniferous forests a known as :
A.
Tundra soils
B.
Podsols
C.
Grey-Brown soils
D.
Red and Yellow soils
Ans:
Podsols
Explanation :
Podsols are ash-grey coloured soils that are found in high-latitude coniferous forest belt having very long cold winters, short cool summers and a moderate precipitation throughout the year. These soils are acidic. infertile and of limited value for agriculture. These are useful for dairying and mixed farming.
[25] Species which has restricted distribution ion is called –
A.
Eco species
B.
Endemic
C.
Sympatric
D.
Allopatric
Ans:
Endemic
Explanation :
Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type. Species found in such restricted geo- graphical area are called endemic species.
Explanation :
The prospect of producing electricity from the hydrological resources of the Plateau region lies not, as has been suggested, in the 'region's fast flowing rivers'. The flow rate of most rivers in the region is relatively slow. However, the sloped topography of the plateau itself provides enormous capacity to generate electricity. All existing and planned hydropower projects in the region are based on the simple engineering principle of utilizing gravity to generate energy from the region's rivers. The steep escarpments found in the south-eastern portion of the region provide the natural topographical mechanism to subject the region's water resources to the energy-producing force of gravity.
[4] Desertification can be checked by –
A.
plugging gullies
B.
checking over-grazing
C.
contour ploughing
D.
forming shelter belts
Ans:
checking over-grazing
Explanation :
Overgrazing is the major cause of desertification worldwide. Plants of semi-arid areas are adapted to being eaten by sparsely scattered, large, grazing mammals which move in response to the patchy rainfall common to these regions. Early human pastoralists living in semi-arid areas copied this natural system. They moved their small groups of domestic animals in response to food and water availability. Such regular stock movement prevented overgrazing of the fragile plant cover.
[5] In an iceberg floating in the sea, out of 10 parts of its mass, how much will remain above the surface of the water?
A.
1 part
B.
2 parts
C.
4 parts
D.
6 parts
Ans:
1 part
Explanation :
Because the density of pure ice is about 920 kg/m3, and that of sea water about 1025 kg/m3, typically only one-ninth of the volume of an iceberg is above water.
[6] The main cause of recurring flood is –
A.
Soil erosion
B.
Deforestation
C.
Silting of river beds
D.
All of the above
Ans:
All of the above
Explanation :
Floods are caused by a variety of factors, both natural and man-made. Apart from soil erosion and silting of river beds which force the water of rivers/streams to spill over, deforestation has lately been a key factor in fostering recurrent floods. The presence of trees act as checks against water flow and in turn protect the underlying soil from getting eroded and then getting washed away.
[7] Moraines are formed in –
A.
River deltas
B.
Arid regions
C.
Glacial regions
D.
Monsoon region
Ans:
Glacial regions
Explanation :
A moraine is material left behind by a moving glacier. This material is usually soil and rock. Just as rivers carry along all sorts of debris and silt that eventually builds up to form deltas, glaciers transport all sorts of dirt and boulders that build up to form moraines.
[8] The Himalayan mountain range is an example of –
A.
Volcanic mountain
B.
Residual mountain
C.
Block mountain
D.
Fold mountain
Ans:
Fold mountain
Explanation :
The Himalaya are among the youngest mountain ranges on the planet and consist mostly of uplifted sedimentary and metamorphic rock. They are Fold Mountains which were formed due to a continental collision or orogeny along the convergent boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate.
[9] The area marked by internal drainage –
A.
Plateau
B.
Plains
C.
Deserts
D.
Mountains
Ans:
Deserts
Explanation :
Internal drainage is a closed drainage basin that retains water and allows no outflow to other external bodies of water, such as rivers or oceans, but converges instead into lakes or swamps. Such drainage can occur in any climate but are most commonly found in desert locations. For example: Luni River in Rajasthan has an internal drainage system.
[10] Why is the South Pole colder than the North Pole?
A.
High altitude
B.
More rainfall
C.
Strong winds
D.
Away from the sun
Ans:
High altitude
Explanation :
Both the Arctic (North Pole) and the Antarctic (South Pole) are cold because they don't get any direct sunlight. What makes the South Pole so much colder than the North Pole is that it sits on top of a very thick ice sheet, which itself sits on a continent. The surface of the ice sheet at the South Pole is more than 9,000 feet in elevation—more than a mile and a half above sea level. This elevation makes the South Pole much colder than the North Pole, which sits in the middle of the Arctic Ocean (National Geographic).
[11] is the thinnest layer of Earth.
A.
Mantle
B.
Outer Core
C.
Crust
D.
Inner Core
Ans:
Crust
Explanation :
The Earth can be divided into four main layers: the solid crust on the outside, the mantle, the outer core and the inner core. Out of them, the mantle is the thickest layer (extends from where the crust ends to about 2,890 km), while the crust is the thinnest layer. The crust ranges from 5-70 km in depth and is the outermost layer.
[12] Why the Earth is having its own atmosphere?
A.
Winds
B.
Clouds
C.
Gravity
D.
Rotation of the Earth
Ans:
Gravity
Explanation :
Due to gravity, our Earth has an atmosphere. Gravity causes the gases to be held close to the earth instead of escaping into outer space. Besides, gravity makes the atmosphere denser closer to the Earth – the upper layers push down against the lower layers.
[13] The number of satellites of the planet is Mercury is –
A.
0
B.
1
C.
2
D.
16
Ans:
0
Explanation :
The nearness of Mercury to the massive gravity influence of the Sun is the likely reason that no natural satellites are present, although it is possible that one or more may have existed in the past.
[14] Which of the following does not belong to the solar system?
A.
Asteroids
B.
Comets
C.
Planets
D.
Nebulae
Ans:
Nebulae
Explanation :
A nebula is an interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen, helium and other ionized gases. Originally, nebula was a name for any extended astronomical object, including galaxies beyond the Milky Way. The Andromeda Galaxy, for instance, was referred to as the Andromeda Nebula before galaxies were discovered by Edwin Hubble.
[15] The planet nearest to the Sun is –
A.
Earth
B.
Mercury
C.
Mars
D.
Venus
Ans:
Mercury
Explanation :
Mercury is the innermost planet (nearest to the Sun) in the Solar System. It is also the smallest, and its orbit is the most eccentric (that is, the least perfectly circular) of the eight planets. It orbits the Sun once in about 88 Earth days, completing three rotations about its axis for every two orbits.
[16] Which of these is a dwarf planet?
A.
Neptune
B.
Titan
C.
Eris
D.
Hydra
Ans:
Eris
Explanation :
Eris is the most massive and second-largest dwarf planet known in the Solar System. It is 27% more massive than dwarf planet Pluto. Eris is the ninth-most-massive known body directly orbiting the Sun, and the largest known body in the Solar System not visited by a spacecraft.
[17] What process takes place during the youthful stage of a river?
A.
Valley widening
B.
River rejuvenating
C.
Valley deepening
D.
Meandering
Ans:
Valley deepening
Explanation :
The youthful stage of the river is when water flow is the quickest. Because of steep slope and steep channel gradient in this stage, rivers actively deepen their valleys through vertical erosion. The valley becomes deep and narrow characterized by steep valley side slopes of convex plan. Waterfalls, V- shaped valleys and interlocking spurs are features of this stage.
[18] Winds blowing constantly in one direction in rocky deserts form –
A.
Chimneys
B.
Mushrooms rocks
C.
Yardangs
D.
Demoiselles
Ans:
Yardangs
Explanation :
In regions of rocky deserts, wind abrasion excavates the bands of softer rocks into long, narrow corridors, separating the steep-sided over-hanging ridges of hard rocks, called yardangs. Instead of lying in horizontal strata upon one another, the hard and soft rocks of yardangs are vertical bands and are aligned in the direction of the prevailing winds.
[19] Rainfall caused by intense evaporation in equatorial areas is called _.
A.
Orographic rainfall
B.
Cyclonic rainfall
C.
Frontal rainfall
D.
Convectional rainfall
Ans:
Convectional rainfall
Explanation :
The equatorial regions are known for convectional rainfall that occurs due to the thermal convection currents caused due to the heating of ground due to insolation. In these, the warm air rises up and expands then, reaches at a cooler layer and saturates, then condenses mainly in the form of cumulus or cumulonimbus clouds. The equatorial regions receive convectional rainfall almost on a daily basis. The rainfall is of very short duration but in the form of heavy showers.
[20] Ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere is absorbed by –
A.
SO2
B.
Ozone
C.
Oxygen
D.
Argon
Ans:
Ozone
Explanation :
The ozone layer of Earth's stratosphere absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. It absorbs 97 to 99 percent of the Sun's medium-frequency ultravi-olet light (from about 200 nm to 315 nm wavelength), which otherwise would potentially damage exposed life forms on the earth.
[21] The gentle 'seaward sloping surface from the coasts is called .
A.
Continental shelf
B.
Continental rise
C.
Abyssal plains
D.
Submarine ridges
Ans:
Continental shelf
Explanation :
Continental Shelf is a gentle seaward sloping surface extending from the coasts towards the open sea. In all, about 7.5% of the total area of the oceans is covered by the continental shelves. The shelf is formed by the drowning of a part of a continent with a relative rise in sea level or marine deposition beneath the water.
[22] Ring of Fire is found commonly in .
A.
Pacific Ocean
B.
Atlantic Ocean
C.
Indian Ocean
D.
Arctic Ocean
Ans:
Pacific Ocean
Explanation :
The Ring of Fire is an area where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean. It has 452 volcanoes and is home to over 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes. It is sometimes called the circum-Pacific belt.
[23] Who of the following has given the term rhizoshcre :
A.
Garret
B.
Alexopolus
C.
Hiltner
D.
None of the given options
Ans:
Hiltner
Explanation :
Lorenz Hiltner is recognized as the first scientist to coin the term "rhizosphere" in 1904. The word is derived from the Greek word 'rhiza', meaning root. and 'sphere', meaning field of influence. Hiltner defined the rhizosphere as the zone of soil immediately adjacent to legume roots that supports high levels of bacterial activity.
[24] The asha-grey soils of high-latitude coniferous forests a known as :
A.
Tundra soils
B.
Podsols
C.
Grey-Brown soils
D.
Red and Yellow soils
Ans:
Podsols
Explanation :
Podsols are ash-grey coloured soils that are found in high-latitude coniferous forest belt having very long cold winters, short cool summers and a moderate precipitation throughout the year. These soils are acidic. infertile and of limited value for agriculture. These are useful for dairying and mixed farming.
[25] Species which has restricted distribution ion is called –
A.
Eco species
B.
Endemic
C.
Sympatric
D.
Allopatric
Ans:
Endemic
Explanation :
Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type. Species found in such restricted geo- graphical area are called endemic species.
Explanation :
Because the density of pure ice is about 920 kg/m3, and that of sea water about 1025 kg/m3, typically only one-ninth of the volume of an iceberg is above water.
[6] The main cause of recurring flood is –
A.
Soil erosion
B.
Deforestation
C.
Silting of river beds
D.
All of the above
Ans:
All of the above
Explanation :
Floods are caused by a variety of factors, both natural and man-made. Apart from soil erosion and silting of river beds which force the water of rivers/streams to spill over, deforestation has lately been a key factor in fostering recurrent floods. The presence of trees act as checks against water flow and in turn protect the underlying soil from getting eroded and then getting washed away.
[7] Moraines are formed in –
A.
River deltas
B.
Arid regions
C.
Glacial regions
D.
Monsoon region
Ans:
Glacial regions
Explanation :
A moraine is material left behind by a moving glacier. This material is usually soil and rock. Just as rivers carry along all sorts of debris and silt that eventually builds up to form deltas, glaciers transport all sorts of dirt and boulders that build up to form moraines.
[8] The Himalayan mountain range is an example of –
A.
Volcanic mountain
B.
Residual mountain
C.
Block mountain
D.
Fold mountain
Ans:
Fold mountain
Explanation :
The Himalaya are among the youngest mountain ranges on the planet and consist mostly of uplifted sedimentary and metamorphic rock. They are Fold Mountains which were formed due to a continental collision or orogeny along the convergent boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate.
[9] The area marked by internal drainage –
A.
Plateau
B.
Plains
C.
Deserts
D.
Mountains
Ans:
Deserts
Explanation :
Internal drainage is a closed drainage basin that retains water and allows no outflow to other external bodies of water, such as rivers or oceans, but converges instead into lakes or swamps. Such drainage can occur in any climate but are most commonly found in desert locations. For example: Luni River in Rajasthan has an internal drainage system.
[10] Why is the South Pole colder than the North Pole?
A.
High altitude
B.
More rainfall
C.
Strong winds
D.
Away from the sun
Ans:
High altitude
Explanation :
Both the Arctic (North Pole) and the Antarctic (South Pole) are cold because they don't get any direct sunlight. What makes the South Pole so much colder than the North Pole is that it sits on top of a very thick ice sheet, which itself sits on a continent. The surface of the ice sheet at the South Pole is more than 9,000 feet in elevation—more than a mile and a half above sea level. This elevation makes the South Pole much colder than the North Pole, which sits in the middle of the Arctic Ocean (National Geographic).
[11] is the thinnest layer of Earth.
A.
Mantle
B.
Outer Core
C.
Crust
D.
Inner Core
Ans:
Crust
Explanation :
The Earth can be divided into four main layers: the solid crust on the outside, the mantle, the outer core and the inner core. Out of them, the mantle is the thickest layer (extends from where the crust ends to about 2,890 km), while the crust is the thinnest layer. The crust ranges from 5-70 km in depth and is the outermost layer.
[12] Why the Earth is having its own atmosphere?
A.
Winds
B.
Clouds
C.
Gravity
D.
Rotation of the Earth
Ans:
Gravity
Explanation :
Due to gravity, our Earth has an atmosphere. Gravity causes the gases to be held close to the earth instead of escaping into outer space. Besides, gravity makes the atmosphere denser closer to the Earth – the upper layers push down against the lower layers.
[13] The number of satellites of the planet is Mercury is –
A.
0
B.
1
C.
2
D.
16
Ans:
0
Explanation :
The nearness of Mercury to the massive gravity influence of the Sun is the likely reason that no natural satellites are present, although it is possible that one or more may have existed in the past.
[14] Which of the following does not belong to the solar system?
A.
Asteroids
B.
Comets
C.
Planets
D.
Nebulae
Ans:
Nebulae
Explanation :
A nebula is an interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen, helium and other ionized gases. Originally, nebula was a name for any extended astronomical object, including galaxies beyond the Milky Way. The Andromeda Galaxy, for instance, was referred to as the Andromeda Nebula before galaxies were discovered by Edwin Hubble.
[15] The planet nearest to the Sun is –
A.
Earth
B.
Mercury
C.
Mars
D.
Venus
Ans:
Mercury
Explanation :
Mercury is the innermost planet (nearest to the Sun) in the Solar System. It is also the smallest, and its orbit is the most eccentric (that is, the least perfectly circular) of the eight planets. It orbits the Sun once in about 88 Earth days, completing three rotations about its axis for every two orbits.
[16] Which of these is a dwarf planet?
A.
Neptune
B.
Titan
C.
Eris
D.
Hydra
Ans:
Eris
Explanation :
Eris is the most massive and second-largest dwarf planet known in the Solar System. It is 27% more massive than dwarf planet Pluto. Eris is the ninth-most-massive known body directly orbiting the Sun, and the largest known body in the Solar System not visited by a spacecraft.
[17] What process takes place during the youthful stage of a river?
A.
Valley widening
B.
River rejuvenating
C.
Valley deepening
D.
Meandering
Ans:
Valley deepening
Explanation :
The youthful stage of the river is when water flow is the quickest. Because of steep slope and steep channel gradient in this stage, rivers actively deepen their valleys through vertical erosion. The valley becomes deep and narrow characterized by steep valley side slopes of convex plan. Waterfalls, V- shaped valleys and interlocking spurs are features of this stage.
[18] Winds blowing constantly in one direction in rocky deserts form –
A.
Chimneys
B.
Mushrooms rocks
C.
Yardangs
D.
Demoiselles
Ans:
Yardangs
Explanation :
In regions of rocky deserts, wind abrasion excavates the bands of softer rocks into long, narrow corridors, separating the steep-sided over-hanging ridges of hard rocks, called yardangs. Instead of lying in horizontal strata upon one another, the hard and soft rocks of yardangs are vertical bands and are aligned in the direction of the prevailing winds.
[19] Rainfall caused by intense evaporation in equatorial areas is called _.
A.
Orographic rainfall
B.
Cyclonic rainfall
C.
Frontal rainfall
D.
Convectional rainfall
Ans:
Convectional rainfall
Explanation :
The equatorial regions are known for convectional rainfall that occurs due to the thermal convection currents caused due to the heating of ground due to insolation. In these, the warm air rises up and expands then, reaches at a cooler layer and saturates, then condenses mainly in the form of cumulus or cumulonimbus clouds. The equatorial regions receive convectional rainfall almost on a daily basis. The rainfall is of very short duration but in the form of heavy showers.
[20] Ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere is absorbed by –
A.
SO2
B.
Ozone
C.
Oxygen
D.
Argon
Ans:
Ozone
Explanation :
The ozone layer of Earth's stratosphere absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. It absorbs 97 to 99 percent of the Sun's medium-frequency ultravi-olet light (from about 200 nm to 315 nm wavelength), which otherwise would potentially damage exposed life forms on the earth.
[21] The gentle 'seaward sloping surface from the coasts is called .
A.
Continental shelf
B.
Continental rise
C.
Abyssal plains
D.
Submarine ridges
Ans:
Continental shelf
Explanation :
Continental Shelf is a gentle seaward sloping surface extending from the coasts towards the open sea. In all, about 7.5% of the total area of the oceans is covered by the continental shelves. The shelf is formed by the drowning of a part of a continent with a relative rise in sea level or marine deposition beneath the water.
[22] Ring of Fire is found commonly in .
A.
Pacific Ocean
B.
Atlantic Ocean
C.
Indian Ocean
D.
Arctic Ocean
Ans:
Pacific Ocean
Explanation :
The Ring of Fire is an area where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean. It has 452 volcanoes and is home to over 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes. It is sometimes called the circum-Pacific belt.
[23] Who of the following has given the term rhizoshcre :
A.
Garret
B.
Alexopolus
C.
Hiltner
D.
None of the given options
Ans:
Hiltner
Explanation :
Lorenz Hiltner is recognized as the first scientist to coin the term "rhizosphere" in 1904. The word is derived from the Greek word 'rhiza', meaning root. and 'sphere', meaning field of influence. Hiltner defined the rhizosphere as the zone of soil immediately adjacent to legume roots that supports high levels of bacterial activity.
[24] The asha-grey soils of high-latitude coniferous forests a known as :
A.
Tundra soils
B.
Podsols
C.
Grey-Brown soils
D.
Red and Yellow soils
Ans:
Podsols
Explanation :
Podsols are ash-grey coloured soils that are found in high-latitude coniferous forest belt having very long cold winters, short cool summers and a moderate precipitation throughout the year. These soils are acidic. infertile and of limited value for agriculture. These are useful for dairying and mixed farming.
[25] Species which has restricted distribution ion is called –
A.
Eco species
B.
Endemic
C.
Sympatric
D.
Allopatric
Ans:
Endemic
Explanation :
Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type. Species found in such restricted geo- graphical area are called endemic species.
Explanation :
A moraine is material left behind by a moving glacier. This material is usually soil and rock. Just as rivers carry along all sorts of debris and silt that eventually builds up to form deltas, glaciers transport all sorts of dirt and boulders that build up to form moraines.
[8] The Himalayan mountain range is an example of –
A.
Volcanic mountain
B.
Residual mountain
C.
Block mountain
D.
Fold mountain
Ans:
Fold mountain
Explanation :
The Himalaya are among the youngest mountain ranges on the planet and consist mostly of uplifted sedimentary and metamorphic rock. They are Fold Mountains which were formed due to a continental collision or orogeny along the convergent boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate.
[9] The area marked by internal drainage –
A.
Plateau
B.
Plains
C.
Deserts
D.
Mountains
Ans:
Deserts
Explanation :
Internal drainage is a closed drainage basin that retains water and allows no outflow to other external bodies of water, such as rivers or oceans, but converges instead into lakes or swamps. Such drainage can occur in any climate but are most commonly found in desert locations. For example: Luni River in Rajasthan has an internal drainage system.
[10] Why is the South Pole colder than the North Pole?
A.
High altitude
B.
More rainfall
C.
Strong winds
D.
Away from the sun
Ans:
High altitude
Explanation :
Both the Arctic (North Pole) and the Antarctic (South Pole) are cold because they don't get any direct sunlight. What makes the South Pole so much colder than the North Pole is that it sits on top of a very thick ice sheet, which itself sits on a continent. The surface of the ice sheet at the South Pole is more than 9,000 feet in elevation—more than a mile and a half above sea level. This elevation makes the South Pole much colder than the North Pole, which sits in the middle of the Arctic Ocean (National Geographic).
[11] is the thinnest layer of Earth.
A.
Mantle
B.
Outer Core
C.
Crust
D.
Inner Core
Ans:
Crust
Explanation :
The Earth can be divided into four main layers: the solid crust on the outside, the mantle, the outer core and the inner core. Out of them, the mantle is the thickest layer (extends from where the crust ends to about 2,890 km), while the crust is the thinnest layer. The crust ranges from 5-70 km in depth and is the outermost layer.
[12] Why the Earth is having its own atmosphere?
A.
Winds
B.
Clouds
C.
Gravity
D.
Rotation of the Earth
Ans:
Gravity
Explanation :
Due to gravity, our Earth has an atmosphere. Gravity causes the gases to be held close to the earth instead of escaping into outer space. Besides, gravity makes the atmosphere denser closer to the Earth – the upper layers push down against the lower layers.
[13] The number of satellites of the planet is Mercury is –
A.
0
B.
1
C.
2
D.
16
Ans:
0
Explanation :
The nearness of Mercury to the massive gravity influence of the Sun is the likely reason that no natural satellites are present, although it is possible that one or more may have existed in the past.
[14] Which of the following does not belong to the solar system?
A.
Asteroids
B.
Comets
C.
Planets
D.
Nebulae
Ans:
Nebulae
Explanation :
A nebula is an interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen, helium and other ionized gases. Originally, nebula was a name for any extended astronomical object, including galaxies beyond the Milky Way. The Andromeda Galaxy, for instance, was referred to as the Andromeda Nebula before galaxies were discovered by Edwin Hubble.
[15] The planet nearest to the Sun is –
A.
Earth
B.
Mercury
C.
Mars
D.
Venus
Ans:
Mercury
Explanation :
Mercury is the innermost planet (nearest to the Sun) in the Solar System. It is also the smallest, and its orbit is the most eccentric (that is, the least perfectly circular) of the eight planets. It orbits the Sun once in about 88 Earth days, completing three rotations about its axis for every two orbits.
[16] Which of these is a dwarf planet?
A.
Neptune
B.
Titan
C.
Eris
D.
Hydra
Ans:
Eris
Explanation :
Eris is the most massive and second-largest dwarf planet known in the Solar System. It is 27% more massive than dwarf planet Pluto. Eris is the ninth-most-massive known body directly orbiting the Sun, and the largest known body in the Solar System not visited by a spacecraft.
[17] What process takes place during the youthful stage of a river?
A.
Valley widening
B.
River rejuvenating
C.
Valley deepening
D.
Meandering
Ans:
Valley deepening
Explanation :
The youthful stage of the river is when water flow is the quickest. Because of steep slope and steep channel gradient in this stage, rivers actively deepen their valleys through vertical erosion. The valley becomes deep and narrow characterized by steep valley side slopes of convex plan. Waterfalls, V- shaped valleys and interlocking spurs are features of this stage.
[18] Winds blowing constantly in one direction in rocky deserts form –
A.
Chimneys
B.
Mushrooms rocks
C.
Yardangs
D.
Demoiselles
Ans:
Yardangs
Explanation :
In regions of rocky deserts, wind abrasion excavates the bands of softer rocks into long, narrow corridors, separating the steep-sided over-hanging ridges of hard rocks, called yardangs. Instead of lying in horizontal strata upon one another, the hard and soft rocks of yardangs are vertical bands and are aligned in the direction of the prevailing winds.
[19] Rainfall caused by intense evaporation in equatorial areas is called _.
A.
Orographic rainfall
B.
Cyclonic rainfall
C.
Frontal rainfall
D.
Convectional rainfall
Ans:
Convectional rainfall
Explanation :
The equatorial regions are known for convectional rainfall that occurs due to the thermal convection currents caused due to the heating of ground due to insolation. In these, the warm air rises up and expands then, reaches at a cooler layer and saturates, then condenses mainly in the form of cumulus or cumulonimbus clouds. The equatorial regions receive convectional rainfall almost on a daily basis. The rainfall is of very short duration but in the form of heavy showers.
[20] Ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere is absorbed by –
A.
SO2
B.
Ozone
C.
Oxygen
D.
Argon
Ans:
Ozone
Explanation :
The ozone layer of Earth's stratosphere absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. It absorbs 97 to 99 percent of the Sun's medium-frequency ultravi-olet light (from about 200 nm to 315 nm wavelength), which otherwise would potentially damage exposed life forms on the earth.
[21] The gentle 'seaward sloping surface from the coasts is called .
A.
Continental shelf
B.
Continental rise
C.
Abyssal plains
D.
Submarine ridges
Ans:
Continental shelf
Explanation :
Continental Shelf is a gentle seaward sloping surface extending from the coasts towards the open sea. In all, about 7.5% of the total area of the oceans is covered by the continental shelves. The shelf is formed by the drowning of a part of a continent with a relative rise in sea level or marine deposition beneath the water.
[22] Ring of Fire is found commonly in .
A.
Pacific Ocean
B.
Atlantic Ocean
C.
Indian Ocean
D.
Arctic Ocean
Ans:
Pacific Ocean
Explanation :
The Ring of Fire is an area where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean. It has 452 volcanoes and is home to over 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes. It is sometimes called the circum-Pacific belt.
[23] Who of the following has given the term rhizoshcre :
A.
Garret
B.
Alexopolus
C.
Hiltner
D.
None of the given options
Ans:
Hiltner
Explanation :
Lorenz Hiltner is recognized as the first scientist to coin the term "rhizosphere" in 1904. The word is derived from the Greek word 'rhiza', meaning root. and 'sphere', meaning field of influence. Hiltner defined the rhizosphere as the zone of soil immediately adjacent to legume roots that supports high levels of bacterial activity.
[24] The asha-grey soils of high-latitude coniferous forests a known as :
A.
Tundra soils
B.
Podsols
C.
Grey-Brown soils
D.
Red and Yellow soils
Ans:
Podsols
Explanation :
Podsols are ash-grey coloured soils that are found in high-latitude coniferous forest belt having very long cold winters, short cool summers and a moderate precipitation throughout the year. These soils are acidic. infertile and of limited value for agriculture. These are useful for dairying and mixed farming.
[25] Species which has restricted distribution ion is called –
A.
Eco species
B.
Endemic
C.
Sympatric
D.
Allopatric
Ans:
Endemic
Explanation :
Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type. Species found in such restricted geo- graphical area are called endemic species.
Explanation :
Internal drainage is a closed drainage basin that retains water and allows no outflow to other external bodies of water, such as rivers or oceans, but converges instead into lakes or swamps. Such drainage can occur in any climate but are most commonly found in desert locations. For example: Luni River in Rajasthan has an internal drainage system.
[10] Why is the South Pole colder than the North Pole?
A.
High altitude
B.
More rainfall
C.
Strong winds
D.
Away from the sun
Ans:
High altitude
Explanation :
Both the Arctic (North Pole) and the Antarctic (South Pole) are cold because they don't get any direct sunlight. What makes the South Pole so much colder than the North Pole is that it sits on top of a very thick ice sheet, which itself sits on a continent. The surface of the ice sheet at the South Pole is more than 9,000 feet in elevation—more than a mile and a half above sea level. This elevation makes the South Pole much colder than the North Pole, which sits in the middle of the Arctic Ocean (National Geographic).
[11] is the thinnest layer of Earth.
A.
Mantle
B.
Outer Core
C.
Crust
D.
Inner Core
Ans:
Crust
Explanation :
The Earth can be divided into four main layers: the solid crust on the outside, the mantle, the outer core and the inner core. Out of them, the mantle is the thickest layer (extends from where the crust ends to about 2,890 km), while the crust is the thinnest layer. The crust ranges from 5-70 km in depth and is the outermost layer.
[12] Why the Earth is having its own atmosphere?
A.
Winds
B.
Clouds
C.
Gravity
D.
Rotation of the Earth
Ans:
Gravity
Explanation :
Due to gravity, our Earth has an atmosphere. Gravity causes the gases to be held close to the earth instead of escaping into outer space. Besides, gravity makes the atmosphere denser closer to the Earth – the upper layers push down against the lower layers.
[13] The number of satellites of the planet is Mercury is –
A.
0
B.
1
C.
2
D.
16
Ans:
0
Explanation :
The nearness of Mercury to the massive gravity influence of the Sun is the likely reason that no natural satellites are present, although it is possible that one or more may have existed in the past.
[14] Which of the following does not belong to the solar system?
A.
Asteroids
B.
Comets
C.
Planets
D.
Nebulae
Ans:
Nebulae
Explanation :
A nebula is an interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen, helium and other ionized gases. Originally, nebula was a name for any extended astronomical object, including galaxies beyond the Milky Way. The Andromeda Galaxy, for instance, was referred to as the Andromeda Nebula before galaxies were discovered by Edwin Hubble.
[15] The planet nearest to the Sun is –
A.
Earth
B.
Mercury
C.
Mars
D.
Venus
Ans:
Mercury
Explanation :
Mercury is the innermost planet (nearest to the Sun) in the Solar System. It is also the smallest, and its orbit is the most eccentric (that is, the least perfectly circular) of the eight planets. It orbits the Sun once in about 88 Earth days, completing three rotations about its axis for every two orbits.
[16] Which of these is a dwarf planet?
A.
Neptune
B.
Titan
C.
Eris
D.
Hydra
Ans:
Eris
Explanation :
Eris is the most massive and second-largest dwarf planet known in the Solar System. It is 27% more massive than dwarf planet Pluto. Eris is the ninth-most-massive known body directly orbiting the Sun, and the largest known body in the Solar System not visited by a spacecraft.
[17] What process takes place during the youthful stage of a river?
A.
Valley widening
B.
River rejuvenating
C.
Valley deepening
D.
Meandering
Ans:
Valley deepening
Explanation :
The youthful stage of the river is when water flow is the quickest. Because of steep slope and steep channel gradient in this stage, rivers actively deepen their valleys through vertical erosion. The valley becomes deep and narrow characterized by steep valley side slopes of convex plan. Waterfalls, V- shaped valleys and interlocking spurs are features of this stage.
[18] Winds blowing constantly in one direction in rocky deserts form –
A.
Chimneys
B.
Mushrooms rocks
C.
Yardangs
D.
Demoiselles
Ans:
Yardangs
Explanation :
In regions of rocky deserts, wind abrasion excavates the bands of softer rocks into long, narrow corridors, separating the steep-sided over-hanging ridges of hard rocks, called yardangs. Instead of lying in horizontal strata upon one another, the hard and soft rocks of yardangs are vertical bands and are aligned in the direction of the prevailing winds.
[19] Rainfall caused by intense evaporation in equatorial areas is called _.
A.
Orographic rainfall
B.
Cyclonic rainfall
C.
Frontal rainfall
D.
Convectional rainfall
Ans:
Convectional rainfall
Explanation :
The equatorial regions are known for convectional rainfall that occurs due to the thermal convection currents caused due to the heating of ground due to insolation. In these, the warm air rises up and expands then, reaches at a cooler layer and saturates, then condenses mainly in the form of cumulus or cumulonimbus clouds. The equatorial regions receive convectional rainfall almost on a daily basis. The rainfall is of very short duration but in the form of heavy showers.
[20] Ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere is absorbed by –
A.
SO2
B.
Ozone
C.
Oxygen
D.
Argon
Ans:
Ozone
Explanation :
The ozone layer of Earth's stratosphere absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. It absorbs 97 to 99 percent of the Sun's medium-frequency ultravi-olet light (from about 200 nm to 315 nm wavelength), which otherwise would potentially damage exposed life forms on the earth.
[21] The gentle 'seaward sloping surface from the coasts is called .
A.
Continental shelf
B.
Continental rise
C.
Abyssal plains
D.
Submarine ridges
Ans:
Continental shelf
Explanation :
Continental Shelf is a gentle seaward sloping surface extending from the coasts towards the open sea. In all, about 7.5% of the total area of the oceans is covered by the continental shelves. The shelf is formed by the drowning of a part of a continent with a relative rise in sea level or marine deposition beneath the water.
[22] Ring of Fire is found commonly in .
A.
Pacific Ocean
B.
Atlantic Ocean
C.
Indian Ocean
D.
Arctic Ocean
Ans:
Pacific Ocean
Explanation :
The Ring of Fire is an area where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean. It has 452 volcanoes and is home to over 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes. It is sometimes called the circum-Pacific belt.
[23] Who of the following has given the term rhizoshcre :
A.
Garret
B.
Alexopolus
C.
Hiltner
D.
None of the given options
Ans:
Hiltner
Explanation :
Lorenz Hiltner is recognized as the first scientist to coin the term "rhizosphere" in 1904. The word is derived from the Greek word 'rhiza', meaning root. and 'sphere', meaning field of influence. Hiltner defined the rhizosphere as the zone of soil immediately adjacent to legume roots that supports high levels of bacterial activity.
[24] The asha-grey soils of high-latitude coniferous forests a known as :
A.
Tundra soils
B.
Podsols
C.
Grey-Brown soils
D.
Red and Yellow soils
Ans:
Podsols
Explanation :
Podsols are ash-grey coloured soils that are found in high-latitude coniferous forest belt having very long cold winters, short cool summers and a moderate precipitation throughout the year. These soils are acidic. infertile and of limited value for agriculture. These are useful for dairying and mixed farming.
[25] Species which has restricted distribution ion is called –
A.
Eco species
B.
Endemic
C.
Sympatric
D.
Allopatric
Ans:
Endemic
Explanation :
Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type. Species found in such restricted geo- graphical area are called endemic species.
Explanation :
The Earth can be divided into four main layers: the solid crust on the outside, the mantle, the outer core and the inner core. Out of them, the mantle is the thickest layer (extends from where the crust ends to about 2,890 km), while the crust is the thinnest layer. The crust ranges from 5-70 km in depth and is the outermost layer.
[12] Why the Earth is having its own atmosphere?
A.
Winds
B.
Clouds
C.
Gravity
D.
Rotation of the Earth
Ans:
Gravity
Explanation :
Due to gravity, our Earth has an atmosphere. Gravity causes the gases to be held close to the earth instead of escaping into outer space. Besides, gravity makes the atmosphere denser closer to the Earth – the upper layers push down against the lower layers.
[13] The number of satellites of the planet is Mercury is –
A.
0
B.
1
C.
2
D.
16
Ans:
0
Explanation :
The nearness of Mercury to the massive gravity influence of the Sun is the likely reason that no natural satellites are present, although it is possible that one or more may have existed in the past.
[14] Which of the following does not belong to the solar system?
A.
Asteroids
B.
Comets
C.
Planets
D.
Nebulae
Ans:
Nebulae
Explanation :
A nebula is an interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen, helium and other ionized gases. Originally, nebula was a name for any extended astronomical object, including galaxies beyond the Milky Way. The Andromeda Galaxy, for instance, was referred to as the Andromeda Nebula before galaxies were discovered by Edwin Hubble.
[15] The planet nearest to the Sun is –
A.
Earth
B.
Mercury
C.
Mars
D.
Venus
Ans:
Mercury
Explanation :
Mercury is the innermost planet (nearest to the Sun) in the Solar System. It is also the smallest, and its orbit is the most eccentric (that is, the least perfectly circular) of the eight planets. It orbits the Sun once in about 88 Earth days, completing three rotations about its axis for every two orbits.
[16] Which of these is a dwarf planet?
A.
Neptune
B.
Titan
C.
Eris
D.
Hydra
Ans:
Eris
Explanation :
Eris is the most massive and second-largest dwarf planet known in the Solar System. It is 27% more massive than dwarf planet Pluto. Eris is the ninth-most-massive known body directly orbiting the Sun, and the largest known body in the Solar System not visited by a spacecraft.
[17] What process takes place during the youthful stage of a river?
A.
Valley widening
B.
River rejuvenating
C.
Valley deepening
D.
Meandering
Ans:
Valley deepening
Explanation :
The youthful stage of the river is when water flow is the quickest. Because of steep slope and steep channel gradient in this stage, rivers actively deepen their valleys through vertical erosion. The valley becomes deep and narrow characterized by steep valley side slopes of convex plan. Waterfalls, V- shaped valleys and interlocking spurs are features of this stage.
[18] Winds blowing constantly in one direction in rocky deserts form –
A.
Chimneys
B.
Mushrooms rocks
C.
Yardangs
D.
Demoiselles
Ans:
Yardangs
Explanation :
In regions of rocky deserts, wind abrasion excavates the bands of softer rocks into long, narrow corridors, separating the steep-sided over-hanging ridges of hard rocks, called yardangs. Instead of lying in horizontal strata upon one another, the hard and soft rocks of yardangs are vertical bands and are aligned in the direction of the prevailing winds.
[19] Rainfall caused by intense evaporation in equatorial areas is called _.
A.
Orographic rainfall
B.
Cyclonic rainfall
C.
Frontal rainfall
D.
Convectional rainfall
Ans:
Convectional rainfall
Explanation :
The equatorial regions are known for convectional rainfall that occurs due to the thermal convection currents caused due to the heating of ground due to insolation. In these, the warm air rises up and expands then, reaches at a cooler layer and saturates, then condenses mainly in the form of cumulus or cumulonimbus clouds. The equatorial regions receive convectional rainfall almost on a daily basis. The rainfall is of very short duration but in the form of heavy showers.
[20] Ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere is absorbed by –
A.
SO2
B.
Ozone
C.
Oxygen
D.
Argon
Ans:
Ozone
Explanation :
The ozone layer of Earth's stratosphere absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. It absorbs 97 to 99 percent of the Sun's medium-frequency ultravi-olet light (from about 200 nm to 315 nm wavelength), which otherwise would potentially damage exposed life forms on the earth.
[21] The gentle 'seaward sloping surface from the coasts is called .
A.
Continental shelf
B.
Continental rise
C.
Abyssal plains
D.
Submarine ridges
Ans:
Continental shelf
Explanation :
Continental Shelf is a gentle seaward sloping surface extending from the coasts towards the open sea. In all, about 7.5% of the total area of the oceans is covered by the continental shelves. The shelf is formed by the drowning of a part of a continent with a relative rise in sea level or marine deposition beneath the water.
[22] Ring of Fire is found commonly in .
A.
Pacific Ocean
B.
Atlantic Ocean
C.
Indian Ocean
D.
Arctic Ocean
Ans:
Pacific Ocean
Explanation :
The Ring of Fire is an area where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean. It has 452 volcanoes and is home to over 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes. It is sometimes called the circum-Pacific belt.
[23] Who of the following has given the term rhizoshcre :
A.
Garret
B.
Alexopolus
C.
Hiltner
D.
None of the given options
Ans:
Hiltner
Explanation :
Lorenz Hiltner is recognized as the first scientist to coin the term "rhizosphere" in 1904. The word is derived from the Greek word 'rhiza', meaning root. and 'sphere', meaning field of influence. Hiltner defined the rhizosphere as the zone of soil immediately adjacent to legume roots that supports high levels of bacterial activity.
[24] The asha-grey soils of high-latitude coniferous forests a known as :
A.
Tundra soils
B.
Podsols
C.
Grey-Brown soils
D.
Red and Yellow soils
Ans:
Podsols
Explanation :
Podsols are ash-grey coloured soils that are found in high-latitude coniferous forest belt having very long cold winters, short cool summers and a moderate precipitation throughout the year. These soils are acidic. infertile and of limited value for agriculture. These are useful for dairying and mixed farming.
[25] Species which has restricted distribution ion is called –
A.
Eco species
B.
Endemic
C.
Sympatric
D.
Allopatric
Ans:
Endemic
Explanation :
Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type. Species found in such restricted geo- graphical area are called endemic species.
Explanation :
The nearness of Mercury to the massive gravity influence of the Sun is the likely reason that no natural satellites are present, although it is possible that one or more may have existed in the past.
[14] Which of the following does not belong to the solar system?
A.
Asteroids
B.
Comets
C.
Planets
D.
Nebulae
Ans:
Nebulae
Explanation :
A nebula is an interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen, helium and other ionized gases. Originally, nebula was a name for any extended astronomical object, including galaxies beyond the Milky Way. The Andromeda Galaxy, for instance, was referred to as the Andromeda Nebula before galaxies were discovered by Edwin Hubble.
[15] The planet nearest to the Sun is –
A.
Earth
B.
Mercury
C.
Mars
D.
Venus
Ans:
Mercury
Explanation :
Mercury is the innermost planet (nearest to the Sun) in the Solar System. It is also the smallest, and its orbit is the most eccentric (that is, the least perfectly circular) of the eight planets. It orbits the Sun once in about 88 Earth days, completing three rotations about its axis for every two orbits.
[16] Which of these is a dwarf planet?
A.
Neptune
B.
Titan
C.
Eris
D.
Hydra
Ans:
Eris
Explanation :
Eris is the most massive and second-largest dwarf planet known in the Solar System. It is 27% more massive than dwarf planet Pluto. Eris is the ninth-most-massive known body directly orbiting the Sun, and the largest known body in the Solar System not visited by a spacecraft.
[17] What process takes place during the youthful stage of a river?
A.
Valley widening
B.
River rejuvenating
C.
Valley deepening
D.
Meandering
Ans:
Valley deepening
Explanation :
The youthful stage of the river is when water flow is the quickest. Because of steep slope and steep channel gradient in this stage, rivers actively deepen their valleys through vertical erosion. The valley becomes deep and narrow characterized by steep valley side slopes of convex plan. Waterfalls, V- shaped valleys and interlocking spurs are features of this stage.
[18] Winds blowing constantly in one direction in rocky deserts form –
A.
Chimneys
B.
Mushrooms rocks
C.
Yardangs
D.
Demoiselles
Ans:
Yardangs
Explanation :
In regions of rocky deserts, wind abrasion excavates the bands of softer rocks into long, narrow corridors, separating the steep-sided over-hanging ridges of hard rocks, called yardangs. Instead of lying in horizontal strata upon one another, the hard and soft rocks of yardangs are vertical bands and are aligned in the direction of the prevailing winds.
[19] Rainfall caused by intense evaporation in equatorial areas is called _.
A.
Orographic rainfall
B.
Cyclonic rainfall
C.
Frontal rainfall
D.
Convectional rainfall
Ans:
Convectional rainfall
Explanation :
The equatorial regions are known for convectional rainfall that occurs due to the thermal convection currents caused due to the heating of ground due to insolation. In these, the warm air rises up and expands then, reaches at a cooler layer and saturates, then condenses mainly in the form of cumulus or cumulonimbus clouds. The equatorial regions receive convectional rainfall almost on a daily basis. The rainfall is of very short duration but in the form of heavy showers.
[20] Ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere is absorbed by –
A.
SO2
B.
Ozone
C.
Oxygen
D.
Argon
Ans:
Ozone
Explanation :
The ozone layer of Earth's stratosphere absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. It absorbs 97 to 99 percent of the Sun's medium-frequency ultravi-olet light (from about 200 nm to 315 nm wavelength), which otherwise would potentially damage exposed life forms on the earth.
[21] The gentle 'seaward sloping surface from the coasts is called .
A.
Continental shelf
B.
Continental rise
C.
Abyssal plains
D.
Submarine ridges
Ans:
Continental shelf
Explanation :
Continental Shelf is a gentle seaward sloping surface extending from the coasts towards the open sea. In all, about 7.5% of the total area of the oceans is covered by the continental shelves. The shelf is formed by the drowning of a part of a continent with a relative rise in sea level or marine deposition beneath the water.
[22] Ring of Fire is found commonly in .
A.
Pacific Ocean
B.
Atlantic Ocean
C.
Indian Ocean
D.
Arctic Ocean
Ans:
Pacific Ocean
Explanation :
The Ring of Fire is an area where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean. It has 452 volcanoes and is home to over 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes. It is sometimes called the circum-Pacific belt.
[23] Who of the following has given the term rhizoshcre :
A.
Garret
B.
Alexopolus
C.
Hiltner
D.
None of the given options
Ans:
Hiltner
Explanation :
Lorenz Hiltner is recognized as the first scientist to coin the term "rhizosphere" in 1904. The word is derived from the Greek word 'rhiza', meaning root. and 'sphere', meaning field of influence. Hiltner defined the rhizosphere as the zone of soil immediately adjacent to legume roots that supports high levels of bacterial activity.
[24] The asha-grey soils of high-latitude coniferous forests a known as :
A.
Tundra soils
B.
Podsols
C.
Grey-Brown soils
D.
Red and Yellow soils
Ans:
Podsols
Explanation :
Podsols are ash-grey coloured soils that are found in high-latitude coniferous forest belt having very long cold winters, short cool summers and a moderate precipitation throughout the year. These soils are acidic. infertile and of limited value for agriculture. These are useful for dairying and mixed farming.
[25] Species which has restricted distribution ion is called –
A.
Eco species
B.
Endemic
C.
Sympatric
D.
Allopatric
Ans:
Endemic
Explanation :
Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type. Species found in such restricted geo- graphical area are called endemic species.
Explanation :
Mercury is the innermost planet (nearest to the Sun) in the Solar System. It is also the smallest, and its orbit is the most eccentric (that is, the least perfectly circular) of the eight planets. It orbits the Sun once in about 88 Earth days, completing three rotations about its axis for every two orbits.
[16] Which of these is a dwarf planet?
A.
Neptune
B.
Titan
C.
Eris
D.
Hydra
Ans:
Eris
Explanation :
Eris is the most massive and second-largest dwarf planet known in the Solar System. It is 27% more massive than dwarf planet Pluto. Eris is the ninth-most-massive known body directly orbiting the Sun, and the largest known body in the Solar System not visited by a spacecraft.
[17] What process takes place during the youthful stage of a river?
A.
Valley widening
B.
River rejuvenating
C.
Valley deepening
D.
Meandering
Ans:
Valley deepening
Explanation :
The youthful stage of the river is when water flow is the quickest. Because of steep slope and steep channel gradient in this stage, rivers actively deepen their valleys through vertical erosion. The valley becomes deep and narrow characterized by steep valley side slopes of convex plan. Waterfalls, V- shaped valleys and interlocking spurs are features of this stage.
[18] Winds blowing constantly in one direction in rocky deserts form –
A.
Chimneys
B.
Mushrooms rocks
C.
Yardangs
D.
Demoiselles
Ans:
Yardangs
Explanation :
In regions of rocky deserts, wind abrasion excavates the bands of softer rocks into long, narrow corridors, separating the steep-sided over-hanging ridges of hard rocks, called yardangs. Instead of lying in horizontal strata upon one another, the hard and soft rocks of yardangs are vertical bands and are aligned in the direction of the prevailing winds.
[19] Rainfall caused by intense evaporation in equatorial areas is called _.
A.
Orographic rainfall
B.
Cyclonic rainfall
C.
Frontal rainfall
D.
Convectional rainfall
Ans:
Convectional rainfall
Explanation :
The equatorial regions are known for convectional rainfall that occurs due to the thermal convection currents caused due to the heating of ground due to insolation. In these, the warm air rises up and expands then, reaches at a cooler layer and saturates, then condenses mainly in the form of cumulus or cumulonimbus clouds. The equatorial regions receive convectional rainfall almost on a daily basis. The rainfall is of very short duration but in the form of heavy showers.
[20] Ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere is absorbed by –
A.
SO2
B.
Ozone
C.
Oxygen
D.
Argon
Ans:
Ozone
Explanation :
The ozone layer of Earth's stratosphere absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. It absorbs 97 to 99 percent of the Sun's medium-frequency ultravi-olet light (from about 200 nm to 315 nm wavelength), which otherwise would potentially damage exposed life forms on the earth.
[21] The gentle 'seaward sloping surface from the coasts is called .
A.
Continental shelf
B.
Continental rise
C.
Abyssal plains
D.
Submarine ridges
Ans:
Continental shelf
Explanation :
Continental Shelf is a gentle seaward sloping surface extending from the coasts towards the open sea. In all, about 7.5% of the total area of the oceans is covered by the continental shelves. The shelf is formed by the drowning of a part of a continent with a relative rise in sea level or marine deposition beneath the water.
[22] Ring of Fire is found commonly in .
A.
Pacific Ocean
B.
Atlantic Ocean
C.
Indian Ocean
D.
Arctic Ocean
Ans:
Pacific Ocean
Explanation :
The Ring of Fire is an area where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean. It has 452 volcanoes and is home to over 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes. It is sometimes called the circum-Pacific belt.
[23] Who of the following has given the term rhizoshcre :
A.
Garret
B.
Alexopolus
C.
Hiltner
D.
None of the given options
Ans:
Hiltner
Explanation :
Lorenz Hiltner is recognized as the first scientist to coin the term "rhizosphere" in 1904. The word is derived from the Greek word 'rhiza', meaning root. and 'sphere', meaning field of influence. Hiltner defined the rhizosphere as the zone of soil immediately adjacent to legume roots that supports high levels of bacterial activity.
[24] The asha-grey soils of high-latitude coniferous forests a known as :
A.
Tundra soils
B.
Podsols
C.
Grey-Brown soils
D.
Red and Yellow soils
Ans:
Podsols
Explanation :
Podsols are ash-grey coloured soils that are found in high-latitude coniferous forest belt having very long cold winters, short cool summers and a moderate precipitation throughout the year. These soils are acidic. infertile and of limited value for agriculture. These are useful for dairying and mixed farming.
[25] Species which has restricted distribution ion is called –
A.
Eco species
B.
Endemic
C.
Sympatric
D.
Allopatric
Ans:
Endemic
Explanation :
Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type. Species found in such restricted geo- graphical area are called endemic species.
Explanation :
The youthful stage of the river is when water flow is the quickest. Because of steep slope and steep channel gradient in this stage, rivers actively deepen their valleys through vertical erosion. The valley becomes deep and narrow characterized by steep valley side slopes of convex plan. Waterfalls, V- shaped valleys and interlocking spurs are features of this stage.
[18] Winds blowing constantly in one direction in rocky deserts form –
A.
Chimneys
B.
Mushrooms rocks
C.
Yardangs
D.
Demoiselles
Ans:
Yardangs
Explanation :
In regions of rocky deserts, wind abrasion excavates the bands of softer rocks into long, narrow corridors, separating the steep-sided over-hanging ridges of hard rocks, called yardangs. Instead of lying in horizontal strata upon one another, the hard and soft rocks of yardangs are vertical bands and are aligned in the direction of the prevailing winds.
[19] Rainfall caused by intense evaporation in equatorial areas is called _.
A.
Orographic rainfall
B.
Cyclonic rainfall
C.
Frontal rainfall
D.
Convectional rainfall
Ans:
Convectional rainfall
Explanation :
The equatorial regions are known for convectional rainfall that occurs due to the thermal convection currents caused due to the heating of ground due to insolation. In these, the warm air rises up and expands then, reaches at a cooler layer and saturates, then condenses mainly in the form of cumulus or cumulonimbus clouds. The equatorial regions receive convectional rainfall almost on a daily basis. The rainfall is of very short duration but in the form of heavy showers.
[20] Ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere is absorbed by –
A.
SO2
B.
Ozone
C.
Oxygen
D.
Argon
Ans:
Ozone
Explanation :
The ozone layer of Earth's stratosphere absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. It absorbs 97 to 99 percent of the Sun's medium-frequency ultravi-olet light (from about 200 nm to 315 nm wavelength), which otherwise would potentially damage exposed life forms on the earth.
[21] The gentle 'seaward sloping surface from the coasts is called .
A.
Continental shelf
B.
Continental rise
C.
Abyssal plains
D.
Submarine ridges
Ans:
Continental shelf
Explanation :
Continental Shelf is a gentle seaward sloping surface extending from the coasts towards the open sea. In all, about 7.5% of the total area of the oceans is covered by the continental shelves. The shelf is formed by the drowning of a part of a continent with a relative rise in sea level or marine deposition beneath the water.
[22] Ring of Fire is found commonly in .
A.
Pacific Ocean
B.
Atlantic Ocean
C.
Indian Ocean
D.
Arctic Ocean
Ans:
Pacific Ocean
Explanation :
The Ring of Fire is an area where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean. It has 452 volcanoes and is home to over 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes. It is sometimes called the circum-Pacific belt.
[23] Who of the following has given the term rhizoshcre :
A.
Garret
B.
Alexopolus
C.
Hiltner
D.
None of the given options
Ans:
Hiltner
Explanation :
Lorenz Hiltner is recognized as the first scientist to coin the term "rhizosphere" in 1904. The word is derived from the Greek word 'rhiza', meaning root. and 'sphere', meaning field of influence. Hiltner defined the rhizosphere as the zone of soil immediately adjacent to legume roots that supports high levels of bacterial activity.
[24] The asha-grey soils of high-latitude coniferous forests a known as :
A.
Tundra soils
B.
Podsols
C.
Grey-Brown soils
D.
Red and Yellow soils
Ans:
Podsols
Explanation :
Podsols are ash-grey coloured soils that are found in high-latitude coniferous forest belt having very long cold winters, short cool summers and a moderate precipitation throughout the year. These soils are acidic. infertile and of limited value for agriculture. These are useful for dairying and mixed farming.
[25] Species which has restricted distribution ion is called –
A.
Eco species
B.
Endemic
C.
Sympatric
D.
Allopatric
Ans:
Endemic
Explanation :
Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type. Species found in such restricted geo- graphical area are called endemic species.
Explanation :
The equatorial regions are known for convectional rainfall that occurs due to the thermal convection currents caused due to the heating of ground due to insolation. In these, the warm air rises up and expands then, reaches at a cooler layer and saturates, then condenses mainly in the form of cumulus or cumulonimbus clouds. The equatorial regions receive convectional rainfall almost on a daily basis. The rainfall is of very short duration but in the form of heavy showers.
[20] Ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere is absorbed by –
A.
SO2
B.
Ozone
C.
Oxygen
D.
Argon
Ans:
Ozone
Explanation :
The ozone layer of Earth's stratosphere absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. It absorbs 97 to 99 percent of the Sun's medium-frequency ultravi-olet light (from about 200 nm to 315 nm wavelength), which otherwise would potentially damage exposed life forms on the earth.
[21] The gentle 'seaward sloping surface from the coasts is called .
A.
Continental shelf
B.
Continental rise
C.
Abyssal plains
D.
Submarine ridges
Ans:
Continental shelf
Explanation :
Continental Shelf is a gentle seaward sloping surface extending from the coasts towards the open sea. In all, about 7.5% of the total area of the oceans is covered by the continental shelves. The shelf is formed by the drowning of a part of a continent with a relative rise in sea level or marine deposition beneath the water.
[22] Ring of Fire is found commonly in .
A.
Pacific Ocean
B.
Atlantic Ocean
C.
Indian Ocean
D.
Arctic Ocean
Ans:
Pacific Ocean
Explanation :
The Ring of Fire is an area where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean. It has 452 volcanoes and is home to over 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes. It is sometimes called the circum-Pacific belt.
[23] Who of the following has given the term rhizoshcre :
A.
Garret
B.
Alexopolus
C.
Hiltner
D.
None of the given options
Ans:
Hiltner
Explanation :
Lorenz Hiltner is recognized as the first scientist to coin the term "rhizosphere" in 1904. The word is derived from the Greek word 'rhiza', meaning root. and 'sphere', meaning field of influence. Hiltner defined the rhizosphere as the zone of soil immediately adjacent to legume roots that supports high levels of bacterial activity.
[24] The asha-grey soils of high-latitude coniferous forests a known as :
A.
Tundra soils
B.
Podsols
C.
Grey-Brown soils
D.
Red and Yellow soils
Ans:
Podsols
Explanation :
Podsols are ash-grey coloured soils that are found in high-latitude coniferous forest belt having very long cold winters, short cool summers and a moderate precipitation throughout the year. These soils are acidic. infertile and of limited value for agriculture. These are useful for dairying and mixed farming.
[25] Species which has restricted distribution ion is called –
A.
Eco species
B.
Endemic
C.
Sympatric
D.
Allopatric
Ans:
Endemic
Explanation :
Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type. Species found in such restricted geo- graphical area are called endemic species.
Explanation :
Continental Shelf is a gentle seaward sloping surface extending from the coasts towards the open sea. In all, about 7.5% of the total area of the oceans is covered by the continental shelves. The shelf is formed by the drowning of a part of a continent with a relative rise in sea level or marine deposition beneath the water.
[22] Ring of Fire is found commonly in .
A.
Pacific Ocean
B.
Atlantic Ocean
C.
Indian Ocean
D.
Arctic Ocean
Ans:
Pacific Ocean
Explanation :
The Ring of Fire is an area where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean. It has 452 volcanoes and is home to over 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes. It is sometimes called the circum-Pacific belt.
[23] Who of the following has given the term rhizoshcre :
A.
Garret
B.
Alexopolus
C.
Hiltner
D.
None of the given options
Ans:
Hiltner
Explanation :
Lorenz Hiltner is recognized as the first scientist to coin the term "rhizosphere" in 1904. The word is derived from the Greek word 'rhiza', meaning root. and 'sphere', meaning field of influence. Hiltner defined the rhizosphere as the zone of soil immediately adjacent to legume roots that supports high levels of bacterial activity.
[24] The asha-grey soils of high-latitude coniferous forests a known as :
A.
Tundra soils
B.
Podsols
C.
Grey-Brown soils
D.
Red and Yellow soils
Ans:
Podsols
Explanation :
Podsols are ash-grey coloured soils that are found in high-latitude coniferous forest belt having very long cold winters, short cool summers and a moderate precipitation throughout the year. These soils are acidic. infertile and of limited value for agriculture. These are useful for dairying and mixed farming.
[25] Species which has restricted distribution ion is called –
A.
Eco species
B.
Endemic
C.
Sympatric
D.
Allopatric
Ans:
Endemic
Explanation :
Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type. Species found in such restricted geo- graphical area are called endemic species.
Explanation :
Lorenz Hiltner is recognized as the first scientist to coin the term "rhizosphere" in 1904. The word is derived from the Greek word 'rhiza', meaning root. and 'sphere', meaning field of influence. Hiltner defined the rhizosphere as the zone of soil immediately adjacent to legume roots that supports high levels of bacterial activity.
[24] The asha-grey soils of high-latitude coniferous forests a known as :
A.
Tundra soils
B.
Podsols
C.
Grey-Brown soils
D.
Red and Yellow soils
Ans:
Podsols
Explanation :
Podsols are ash-grey coloured soils that are found in high-latitude coniferous forest belt having very long cold winters, short cool summers and a moderate precipitation throughout the year. These soils are acidic. infertile and of limited value for agriculture. These are useful for dairying and mixed farming.
[25] Species which has restricted distribution ion is called –
A.
Eco species
B.
Endemic
C.
Sympatric
D.
Allopatric
Ans:
Endemic
Explanation :
Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type. Species found in such restricted geo- graphical area are called endemic species.
Explanation :
Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type. Species found in such restricted geo- graphical area are called endemic species.