[1] Aryabhatta and Kalidasa were in the court of which Gupta Emperor?
A.
Kumara GuptaI
B.
Chandra Gupta II
C.
Samudra Gupta
D.
Skanda Gupta
Ans:
Chandra Gupta II
Explanation :
Aryabhata and Kalidasa adorned the court of Gupta ruler Chandragupta II who was also known as Chandragupta Vikramaditya. Kalidasa was a classical Sanskrit writer, who was one of the nine gems of Chandragupta's court. Aryabhata was a mathematician and astronomer whose works include the Aryabhaiya and the Arya-siddhanta.
[2] The language in which Buddha preached?
A.
Hindi
B.
Urdu
C.
Pali
D.
Hebrew
Ans:
Pali
Explanation :
Buddha preached his messages in Pali, the vernacular language spoken then in north India.The language of the ancient Buddhist scriptures was Pali Tripitaka is the collection of the teachings of the Bud dha in the Pali language. It consists of three sections of the Buddha's Teachings: Vinaya Pitaka, Sutta Pita ka and Abhidhamma Pitaka.
[3] Ashoka was a king of which dynasty?
A.
Pradyota
B.
Haryanka
C.
Maurya
D.
Nanda
Ans:
Maurya
Explanation :
Ashokawas an ancient Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty who ruled almost all of the Indian sub continent from c.268 to 232 BC. One of India's greatest emperors, Ashoka reigned overthe entire Indian subcontinent except parts of present-day Tamil Nadu Karnataka and Kerala.
[4] Who was the founder of the Sat vahana Empire?
A.
Kanha
B.
Simuka
C.
Hala
D.
Gautamiputra
Ans:
Simuka
Explanation :
Simuka was the founder of the Satavahana Dynasty. He is mentioned as the first king in a list of Roy in a Satavahana inscription at Nanaghat. He lieved to have destroyed the Shunga Power in eccan with the aid of the Rathikas and Bhojaka He reigned for around 23 years and was beheade by his brother Kanha, who succeeded him.
[5] One of the following Indus Valley sites is in Pakistan -
A.
Lothal
B.
Kalibangan
C.
Alamgirpur
D.
Harappa
Ans:
Harappa
Explanation :
Harappa is an archaeological site in Punjab, Pakistan. The site takes its name from a modern village located near the former course of the Ravi River. Harappa contains the ruins of a Bronze Age fortified city, which was part of the Cemetery H culture and the Indus Valley Civilization, centered in Sindh and the Punjab.
[6] Ravikirti, a Jain, who composed the Aihole Prashasti, was patronized by -
A.
Pulakeshin I
B.
Harsha
C.
Pulakeshin II
D.
Kharavela
Ans:
Pulakeshin II
Explanation :
Ravikirti was the court poet of Chalukya King, pulakesin II who reigned from 610 to 642 A.D. He authored the Aihole inscription at Meguti Temple which describes the defeat of Harshavardhana by Pulakes in II and the shifting of the capital from Aihole to Badami.
[7] Name the famous King of Kushan dynasty.
A.
Kanishka
B.
Pulakeshin
C.
Harsha
D.
Vikramaditya
Ans:
Kanishka
Explanation :
Kanishka was the most famous emperor of the Kushan dynasty (127-151) who ruled an empire ex tending from Turfan in the Tarim Basin to Pataliputra on the Gangetic plain and famous for his military political, and spiritual achievements. He convened the 4th Buddhist Council in Kashmir and provided en couragement to both the Gandhara school of Greco Buddhist Art and the Mathura school of Hindu art.
[8] From which modern State did the Alwar saints originate?
A.
Tamil Nadu
B.
Kerala
C.
Karnataka
D.
Maharashtra
Ans:
Tamil Nadu
Explanation :
In South India, the Bhakti movement originated in Tamil Nadu sometime afterthe 7th century AD with the Alwars (Vaishnava saints) and the Adiyars (Shaiva saints).
[9] Kalinga war took place in the year -
A.
261 BC
B.
263 BC
C.
232 BC
D.
240 BC
Ans:
261 BC
Explanation :
On the basis of Ashokan inscriptions, it cans beestablished that it was fought in 262-261 BC. The Kalinga war, the only major war Ashoka fought after his accession to throne, is one of the major and blood iest battles in the history of India.
[10] Harappa is situated on the bank of the river -
A.
Ganga
B.
Ravi
C.
Yamuna
D.
Sindhu
Ans:
Ravi
Explanation :
Harappa, is an archaeological site in Punjab, north-east Pakistan, which takes its name from a modern village located near the former course of the Ravi Rier. The two greatest cities, Mohenjodaro and Harappa, emerged circa 2600 BC along the Indus River valley in Punjab and Sindh.
[11] Which of the following was the capital of the Chola Kings?
A.
Kanchi
B.
Tanjore
C.
Madurai
D.
Trichirapally
Ans:
Tanjore
Explanation :
Thanjavur, formerly Tanjore, first rose to promi nence during the reign of the Medieval Cholas when it served as the capital of the Chola empire. After the fall of the Cholas, the city was ruled by various dynasties like Pandyas, Vijayanagar Empire, Madurai ayaks, Thanjavur Nayaks, Thanjavur Marathas and the British.
[12] Which of the following option is match?
A.
Alora
B.
Mahabalipuram- Rashtrakuta
C.
Meenakshi Temple-Pallavas
D.
Khjuraho
Ans:
Khjuraho
Explanation :
Khajuraho was the cultural capital of Chandel Rajputs, a Hindu dynasty that ruled this part of India from the 10-12th centuries. The political capital of the Chandelas was Kalinjar. The Khajuraho temples were built over a span of 200 years, from 950 to 1150. The Chandela capital was moved to Mahoba after this time, but Khajuraho continued to flourish for some time. Khajuraho has no forts because the Chandel Kings never lived in their cultural capital.
[13] Taxila was a famous site of -
A.
Early Vedic art
B.
Mauryan art
C.
Gandhara art
D.
Gupta art
Ans:
Early Vedic art
Explanation :
Taxila dates back to the Gandhara period when it was an important Hindu and Buddhist centre, and is still considered a place of religious and historical sanctity in those traditions. Gandhara art was a style of Buddhist visual art that developed in what is now northwestern Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan between the 1st century B.C and the 7th century A.D The style, of Greco-Roman origin, seems to have flourished largely during the Kushana dynasty.
[14] Bindusara sent Asoka to quell the rebellion in -
A.
Swarnagiri
B.
Taxila
C.
Ujjain
D.
Tosali
Ans:
Ujjain
Explanation :
Because of his reputation as a frightening warrior and a heartless general, Ashoka was sent by Bin dusara to curb the riots in the Avanti province (Uijain) of the Mauryan empire. The Buddhist text Divyavadana talks of Ashoka putting down a revolt due to activities of wicked ministers. He was twice to paci the Taxilans.
[15] Arthasastra was written by -
A.
Dhanananda
B.
Kautilya
C.
Bimbisara
D.
Pushyamitra
Ans:
Kautilya
Explanation :
The Arthasastra is an ancient Indian treatise on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy which identifies its author by the names 'Kautilya' and 'Vishnaugupta', both names that are traditionally identified with Chanakya (c. 350-283 BC), who was a scholar at Takshashila and the teacher and guardian of Emperor Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of Mauyan Empire. Because of its harsh political pragmatism, the Arthasastra has often been compared to Machiavelli's The Prince.
[16] St. Thomas is said to have come to India to propagate Christianity during the reign of the -
A.
Cheras
B.
Parthians
C.
Pandyas
D.
Cholas
Ans:
Parthians
Explanation :
St. Thomas is traditionally believed to have sailed to India in 52AD to spread the Christian faith among the Jews, the Jewish diaspora present in Kerala at the time. He is supposed to have landed at the ancient port of Muziris near Kodungalloor. He then went to Palayoor (near present-day Guruvayoor), which was a Hindu priestly community at that time. He left Palayoor in AD 52 for the southern part of what is now Kerala State, where he established the Ezharappall ikal, or "Seven and Half Churches". Thomas landed in Cranganoor (Kodungallur, Muziris) and took part in the wedding of Cheraman Perumal and proceeded to the courts of Gondophorus in North India. Gundaphorus was indeed a historical figure and he belonged to the Parthian Dynasty from Takshasila (Taxila).
[17] The organic relationship between the ancient culture of the Indus Valley and Hinduism of today is proved by the worship of -
A.
Pashupati, Indra and the Mother Goddess
B.
Stones, trees and animals
C.
Vishnu and Lakshmi
D.
Siva and Sakti
Ans:
Stones, trees and animals
Explanation :
There has been evidence that the people of the Indus Valley Civilization believed in animal and nature worship. The figure of deities on the seals indicates that they worshipped gods and goddesses in the human form. No major sculpture survives but for a bust thought to be of a major priest and the stunning bronze dancing girl. The Divine Mother appears to have been an important goddess due to the countless terra-cotta statues of her that re-found follows a school of thought that would become prevalent later as well, of the female energy being regarded as the source of all creation. What is most interesting is the existence of a male god which has been identified as a prototype of an important God of the religion of Hinduism, Lord Shiva. The fact that the same God is still worshipped today, and has been for the last five thousand years is one of t remarkable features of Indian culture. Even evidence of the Bhakti cult (loving devotion to a personal God as been found at Indus Valley Civilization sites, and the Bhakti cult also has a large following even today It can , therefore, be concluded that there is a close relationship between the beliefs of the Indus Valley Civilization and that of modern Hinduism.
[18] The number system "Zero' was invented by -
A.
Ramanujam
B.
Aryabhatta
C.
Patanjali
D.
An unknown person
Ans:
Aryabhatta
Explanation :
The concept of zero as a number and not merely a symbol for separation is attributed to India, where, by the 9th century AD, practical calculations were carried out using zero, which was treated like any other number, even in case of division. The credit for inventing 'zero (O)' goes to Indian mathematicians and the number zero first appears in a book about 'arithmetic written by an Indian mathematician Braha-Dasgupta'. Zero signifies 'nothing and the current definition call it an 'additive identity'. The Indian math and Bhaskara, Mahavira and Brahamagupta worked on this new number and they tried to explain its properties. It wasn't that somebody suddenly came up with the idea of the zero and the mathematicians throughout the world accepted it. Around 500 AD Aryabhatta, an Indian mathematician devised a number system and the symbol he used for the number zero was also the number used to represent an unknown element (x).
[19] 'Charak' was the famous court physician of -
A.
Harsha
B.
Chandra Gupta Maurya
C.
Ashoka
D.
Kanishka
Ans:
Kanishka
Explanation :
Charaka was one of the principal contributors to the system of medicine and lifestyle developed in Ancient India. He is referred to as the Father of Medicine. The life and times of Charaka are not known with certainty. Some Indian scholars have stated that Charaka of Charaka Samhita existed before Panini, the grammarian, who B. C the ancient art and science of Ayurveda, a is said to have lived before the sixth century her school argues that Patanjali wrote a commentary on the medical work of Charaka. They say that If Patanjali lived around 175 B.C., Charaka must have live sometime before him. Another source about the identity of Charaka and his times is provided by French orientalist Sylvan Levi. He discovered Chinese translation of the Buddhist Tripitaka, a person named Charaka who was a court physician to the Indo-Scythian king Kanishka, who in all probability reigned in the second century A.D. From the above discussion, it would seem that Charaka may have lived between the second century B.C. to the second century A.D.
[20] Buddhism made an important impact by allowing two sections of society into its fold. They were
A.
Merchants and Priests
B.
Moneylenders and Slaves
C.
Warriors and Traders
D.
Women and Sudras
Ans:
Women and Sudras
Explanation :
Buddha was against caste. His religion was open to all, to Shudras, women and even repentant criminals. The Buddhist scriptures were available to all men and women. Buddhism encouraged the abolition of distinctions in society and strengthened the principle of social equality.
[21] How was Burma (now Myanmar) known to ancient Indians?
A.
Malayamandalam
B.
Yavadwipa
C.
Suvarnabhumi
D.
Suvarnadwipa
Ans:
Suvarnabhumi
Explanation :
Suvarnabhumi is a Sanskrit term meaning the en Land" or "Land of Gold", coined by the ancient Indians which refers broadly to Southeast Asianr gion across Gulf of Bengal and Eastern Indian Ocean some form of an INDIAN HIS wer Burma, Lower Thailand, Lower Malay Penin sula, and Sumatra. Although it seems to cover the vast region in Southeast Asia, it is generally accepted that the name Suvarnabhumi was first used to refer more specifically to Lower Burma. Another term which was used by the ancient Indians is Suvarnadvipa which means the "Golden Peninsula/Island". Suvarnabhumi may have been used primarily as a vague general designation of an extensive region in Southeast Asia but, over time, different parts of it came to be designated by the additional epithets of island, peninsula.
[22] 'Banabhatta' was the court poet of which emperor?
A.
Vikramaditya
B.
Kumaragupta
C.
Harshavardhana
D.
Kanishka
Ans:
Harshavardhana
Explanation :
Banabhatta was a Sanskrit scholar and poet of India. He was the Asthana Kavi in the court of King Harshavardhana, who reigned in the years 606-647CE in north India. Bana's principal works include a biography of Harsha, the Harshacharita and one of the world's earliest novels, Kadambari. The other works ttributed to him is the Parvatiparinaya.
[23] The first Indian ruler, who established the supremacy of Indian Navy in the Arabian Sea was
A.
RajarajaI
B.
RajendraI
C.
Rajadhiraja I
D.
Kulottunga I
Ans:
RajarajaI
Explanation :
Rajaraja Chola I created a powerful standing army and a considerable navy, which achieved even greater success under his son Rajendra Chola I. One of the last conquests of Rajaraja was the naval conquest of the 'old islands of the sea numbering 12,000', the Maldives. Chola Navy also had played a major role in the invasion of Lanka.
[24] The Saka era commencing from A.D. 78, was founded by -
A.
Kanishka
B.
Asoka
C.
Chandragupta
D.
Vikramaditya
Ans:
Kanishka
Explanation :
The date of Kanishka's accession is disputed, ranging from 78 to 248. The generally accepted date of 78 is also the basis for an era presumably started by the akas and used in addition to the Gregorian calenr by the present-day Indian government Gandhara School of art is mainly related tona Buddhism which encouraged image wor.
[25] Ganhadra school of art came into existence in -
A.
Hinayana sect
B.
Mahayana sect
C.
Vaishnava sect
D.
Shaiva sect
Ans:
Mahayana sect
Explanation :
Theahaya hip. The Kushan kings, particularly Kanishka, encouraged the Gandhara artists. The Gandhara scul ptures have been found in the ruins of Taxila and in various ancient sites in Afghanistan and in West Pakistan. They consist mostly of the images of the Buda and relief sculptures presenting scenes from Buddhist texts. A number of Bodhisattva figures were carved out. A figure of Gandhara shows the first sermon in the deer park and the death of the Buddha. In all these figures there is a realistic treatment of the body although it is draped. In these sculptures theres a tendency to mould the human body in a realisti manner paying great attention to accuracy and physical details particularly in the presentation of muscles, moustaches, etc. Also the representation of the thick bold fold lines forms a distinct characteristic Thus the Gandhara sculptures offer a striking contrast to what has been discovered elsewhere in India.
Explanation :
Aryabhata and Kalidasa adorned the court of Gupta ruler Chandragupta II who was also known as Chandragupta Vikramaditya. Kalidasa was a classical Sanskrit writer, who was one of the nine gems of Chandragupta's court. Aryabhata was a mathematician and astronomer whose works include the Aryabhaiya and the Arya-siddhanta.
[2] The language in which Buddha preached?
A.
Hindi
B.
Urdu
C.
Pali
D.
Hebrew
Ans:
Pali
Explanation :
Buddha preached his messages in Pali, the vernacular language spoken then in north India.The language of the ancient Buddhist scriptures was Pali Tripitaka is the collection of the teachings of the Bud dha in the Pali language. It consists of three sections of the Buddha's Teachings: Vinaya Pitaka, Sutta Pita ka and Abhidhamma Pitaka.
[3] Ashoka was a king of which dynasty?
A.
Pradyota
B.
Haryanka
C.
Maurya
D.
Nanda
Ans:
Maurya
Explanation :
Ashokawas an ancient Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty who ruled almost all of the Indian sub continent from c.268 to 232 BC. One of India's greatest emperors, Ashoka reigned overthe entire Indian subcontinent except parts of present-day Tamil Nadu Karnataka and Kerala.
[4] Who was the founder of the Sat vahana Empire?
A.
Kanha
B.
Simuka
C.
Hala
D.
Gautamiputra
Ans:
Simuka
Explanation :
Simuka was the founder of the Satavahana Dynasty. He is mentioned as the first king in a list of Roy in a Satavahana inscription at Nanaghat. He lieved to have destroyed the Shunga Power in eccan with the aid of the Rathikas and Bhojaka He reigned for around 23 years and was beheade by his brother Kanha, who succeeded him.
[5] One of the following Indus Valley sites is in Pakistan -
A.
Lothal
B.
Kalibangan
C.
Alamgirpur
D.
Harappa
Ans:
Harappa
Explanation :
Harappa is an archaeological site in Punjab, Pakistan. The site takes its name from a modern village located near the former course of the Ravi River. Harappa contains the ruins of a Bronze Age fortified city, which was part of the Cemetery H culture and the Indus Valley Civilization, centered in Sindh and the Punjab.
[6] Ravikirti, a Jain, who composed the Aihole Prashasti, was patronized by -
A.
Pulakeshin I
B.
Harsha
C.
Pulakeshin II
D.
Kharavela
Ans:
Pulakeshin II
Explanation :
Ravikirti was the court poet of Chalukya King, pulakesin II who reigned from 610 to 642 A.D. He authored the Aihole inscription at Meguti Temple which describes the defeat of Harshavardhana by Pulakes in II and the shifting of the capital from Aihole to Badami.
[7] Name the famous King of Kushan dynasty.
A.
Kanishka
B.
Pulakeshin
C.
Harsha
D.
Vikramaditya
Ans:
Kanishka
Explanation :
Kanishka was the most famous emperor of the Kushan dynasty (127-151) who ruled an empire ex tending from Turfan in the Tarim Basin to Pataliputra on the Gangetic plain and famous for his military political, and spiritual achievements. He convened the 4th Buddhist Council in Kashmir and provided en couragement to both the Gandhara school of Greco Buddhist Art and the Mathura school of Hindu art.
[8] From which modern State did the Alwar saints originate?
A.
Tamil Nadu
B.
Kerala
C.
Karnataka
D.
Maharashtra
Ans:
Tamil Nadu
Explanation :
In South India, the Bhakti movement originated in Tamil Nadu sometime afterthe 7th century AD with the Alwars (Vaishnava saints) and the Adiyars (Shaiva saints).
[9] Kalinga war took place in the year -
A.
261 BC
B.
263 BC
C.
232 BC
D.
240 BC
Ans:
261 BC
Explanation :
On the basis of Ashokan inscriptions, it cans beestablished that it was fought in 262-261 BC. The Kalinga war, the only major war Ashoka fought after his accession to throne, is one of the major and blood iest battles in the history of India.
[10] Harappa is situated on the bank of the river -
A.
Ganga
B.
Ravi
C.
Yamuna
D.
Sindhu
Ans:
Ravi
Explanation :
Harappa, is an archaeological site in Punjab, north-east Pakistan, which takes its name from a modern village located near the former course of the Ravi Rier. The two greatest cities, Mohenjodaro and Harappa, emerged circa 2600 BC along the Indus River valley in Punjab and Sindh.
[11] Which of the following was the capital of the Chola Kings?
A.
Kanchi
B.
Tanjore
C.
Madurai
D.
Trichirapally
Ans:
Tanjore
Explanation :
Thanjavur, formerly Tanjore, first rose to promi nence during the reign of the Medieval Cholas when it served as the capital of the Chola empire. After the fall of the Cholas, the city was ruled by various dynasties like Pandyas, Vijayanagar Empire, Madurai ayaks, Thanjavur Nayaks, Thanjavur Marathas and the British.
[12] Which of the following option is match?
A.
Alora
B.
Mahabalipuram- Rashtrakuta
C.
Meenakshi Temple-Pallavas
D.
Khjuraho
Ans:
Khjuraho
Explanation :
Khajuraho was the cultural capital of Chandel Rajputs, a Hindu dynasty that ruled this part of India from the 10-12th centuries. The political capital of the Chandelas was Kalinjar. The Khajuraho temples were built over a span of 200 years, from 950 to 1150. The Chandela capital was moved to Mahoba after this time, but Khajuraho continued to flourish for some time. Khajuraho has no forts because the Chandel Kings never lived in their cultural capital.
[13] Taxila was a famous site of -
A.
Early Vedic art
B.
Mauryan art
C.
Gandhara art
D.
Gupta art
Ans:
Early Vedic art
Explanation :
Taxila dates back to the Gandhara period when it was an important Hindu and Buddhist centre, and is still considered a place of religious and historical sanctity in those traditions. Gandhara art was a style of Buddhist visual art that developed in what is now northwestern Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan between the 1st century B.C and the 7th century A.D The style, of Greco-Roman origin, seems to have flourished largely during the Kushana dynasty.
[14] Bindusara sent Asoka to quell the rebellion in -
A.
Swarnagiri
B.
Taxila
C.
Ujjain
D.
Tosali
Ans:
Ujjain
Explanation :
Because of his reputation as a frightening warrior and a heartless general, Ashoka was sent by Bin dusara to curb the riots in the Avanti province (Uijain) of the Mauryan empire. The Buddhist text Divyavadana talks of Ashoka putting down a revolt due to activities of wicked ministers. He was twice to paci the Taxilans.
[15] Arthasastra was written by -
A.
Dhanananda
B.
Kautilya
C.
Bimbisara
D.
Pushyamitra
Ans:
Kautilya
Explanation :
The Arthasastra is an ancient Indian treatise on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy which identifies its author by the names 'Kautilya' and 'Vishnaugupta', both names that are traditionally identified with Chanakya (c. 350-283 BC), who was a scholar at Takshashila and the teacher and guardian of Emperor Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of Mauyan Empire. Because of its harsh political pragmatism, the Arthasastra has often been compared to Machiavelli's The Prince.
[16] St. Thomas is said to have come to India to propagate Christianity during the reign of the -
A.
Cheras
B.
Parthians
C.
Pandyas
D.
Cholas
Ans:
Parthians
Explanation :
St. Thomas is traditionally believed to have sailed to India in 52AD to spread the Christian faith among the Jews, the Jewish diaspora present in Kerala at the time. He is supposed to have landed at the ancient port of Muziris near Kodungalloor. He then went to Palayoor (near present-day Guruvayoor), which was a Hindu priestly community at that time. He left Palayoor in AD 52 for the southern part of what is now Kerala State, where he established the Ezharappall ikal, or "Seven and Half Churches". Thomas landed in Cranganoor (Kodungallur, Muziris) and took part in the wedding of Cheraman Perumal and proceeded to the courts of Gondophorus in North India. Gundaphorus was indeed a historical figure and he belonged to the Parthian Dynasty from Takshasila (Taxila).
[17] The organic relationship between the ancient culture of the Indus Valley and Hinduism of today is proved by the worship of -
A.
Pashupati, Indra and the Mother Goddess
B.
Stones, trees and animals
C.
Vishnu and Lakshmi
D.
Siva and Sakti
Ans:
Stones, trees and animals
Explanation :
There has been evidence that the people of the Indus Valley Civilization believed in animal and nature worship. The figure of deities on the seals indicates that they worshipped gods and goddesses in the human form. No major sculpture survives but for a bust thought to be of a major priest and the stunning bronze dancing girl. The Divine Mother appears to have been an important goddess due to the countless terra-cotta statues of her that re-found follows a school of thought that would become prevalent later as well, of the female energy being regarded as the source of all creation. What is most interesting is the existence of a male god which has been identified as a prototype of an important God of the religion of Hinduism, Lord Shiva. The fact that the same God is still worshipped today, and has been for the last five thousand years is one of t remarkable features of Indian culture. Even evidence of the Bhakti cult (loving devotion to a personal God as been found at Indus Valley Civilization sites, and the Bhakti cult also has a large following even today It can , therefore, be concluded that there is a close relationship between the beliefs of the Indus Valley Civilization and that of modern Hinduism.
[18] The number system "Zero' was invented by -
A.
Ramanujam
B.
Aryabhatta
C.
Patanjali
D.
An unknown person
Ans:
Aryabhatta
Explanation :
The concept of zero as a number and not merely a symbol for separation is attributed to India, where, by the 9th century AD, practical calculations were carried out using zero, which was treated like any other number, even in case of division. The credit for inventing 'zero (O)' goes to Indian mathematicians and the number zero first appears in a book about 'arithmetic written by an Indian mathematician Braha-Dasgupta'. Zero signifies 'nothing and the current definition call it an 'additive identity'. The Indian math and Bhaskara, Mahavira and Brahamagupta worked on this new number and they tried to explain its properties. It wasn't that somebody suddenly came up with the idea of the zero and the mathematicians throughout the world accepted it. Around 500 AD Aryabhatta, an Indian mathematician devised a number system and the symbol he used for the number zero was also the number used to represent an unknown element (x).
[19] 'Charak' was the famous court physician of -
A.
Harsha
B.
Chandra Gupta Maurya
C.
Ashoka
D.
Kanishka
Ans:
Kanishka
Explanation :
Charaka was one of the principal contributors to the system of medicine and lifestyle developed in Ancient India. He is referred to as the Father of Medicine. The life and times of Charaka are not known with certainty. Some Indian scholars have stated that Charaka of Charaka Samhita existed before Panini, the grammarian, who B. C the ancient art and science of Ayurveda, a is said to have lived before the sixth century her school argues that Patanjali wrote a commentary on the medical work of Charaka. They say that If Patanjali lived around 175 B.C., Charaka must have live sometime before him. Another source about the identity of Charaka and his times is provided by French orientalist Sylvan Levi. He discovered Chinese translation of the Buddhist Tripitaka, a person named Charaka who was a court physician to the Indo-Scythian king Kanishka, who in all probability reigned in the second century A.D. From the above discussion, it would seem that Charaka may have lived between the second century B.C. to the second century A.D.
[20] Buddhism made an important impact by allowing two sections of society into its fold. They were
A.
Merchants and Priests
B.
Moneylenders and Slaves
C.
Warriors and Traders
D.
Women and Sudras
Ans:
Women and Sudras
Explanation :
Buddha was against caste. His religion was open to all, to Shudras, women and even repentant criminals. The Buddhist scriptures were available to all men and women. Buddhism encouraged the abolition of distinctions in society and strengthened the principle of social equality.
[21] How was Burma (now Myanmar) known to ancient Indians?
A.
Malayamandalam
B.
Yavadwipa
C.
Suvarnabhumi
D.
Suvarnadwipa
Ans:
Suvarnabhumi
Explanation :
Suvarnabhumi is a Sanskrit term meaning the en Land" or "Land of Gold", coined by the ancient Indians which refers broadly to Southeast Asianr gion across Gulf of Bengal and Eastern Indian Ocean some form of an INDIAN HIS wer Burma, Lower Thailand, Lower Malay Penin sula, and Sumatra. Although it seems to cover the vast region in Southeast Asia, it is generally accepted that the name Suvarnabhumi was first used to refer more specifically to Lower Burma. Another term which was used by the ancient Indians is Suvarnadvipa which means the "Golden Peninsula/Island". Suvarnabhumi may have been used primarily as a vague general designation of an extensive region in Southeast Asia but, over time, different parts of it came to be designated by the additional epithets of island, peninsula.
[22] 'Banabhatta' was the court poet of which emperor?
A.
Vikramaditya
B.
Kumaragupta
C.
Harshavardhana
D.
Kanishka
Ans:
Harshavardhana
Explanation :
Banabhatta was a Sanskrit scholar and poet of India. He was the Asthana Kavi in the court of King Harshavardhana, who reigned in the years 606-647CE in north India. Bana's principal works include a biography of Harsha, the Harshacharita and one of the world's earliest novels, Kadambari. The other works ttributed to him is the Parvatiparinaya.
[23] The first Indian ruler, who established the supremacy of Indian Navy in the Arabian Sea was
A.
RajarajaI
B.
RajendraI
C.
Rajadhiraja I
D.
Kulottunga I
Ans:
RajarajaI
Explanation :
Rajaraja Chola I created a powerful standing army and a considerable navy, which achieved even greater success under his son Rajendra Chola I. One of the last conquests of Rajaraja was the naval conquest of the 'old islands of the sea numbering 12,000', the Maldives. Chola Navy also had played a major role in the invasion of Lanka.
[24] The Saka era commencing from A.D. 78, was founded by -
A.
Kanishka
B.
Asoka
C.
Chandragupta
D.
Vikramaditya
Ans:
Kanishka
Explanation :
The date of Kanishka's accession is disputed, ranging from 78 to 248. The generally accepted date of 78 is also the basis for an era presumably started by the akas and used in addition to the Gregorian calenr by the present-day Indian government Gandhara School of art is mainly related tona Buddhism which encouraged image wor.
[25] Ganhadra school of art came into existence in -
A.
Hinayana sect
B.
Mahayana sect
C.
Vaishnava sect
D.
Shaiva sect
Ans:
Mahayana sect
Explanation :
Theahaya hip. The Kushan kings, particularly Kanishka, encouraged the Gandhara artists. The Gandhara scul ptures have been found in the ruins of Taxila and in various ancient sites in Afghanistan and in West Pakistan. They consist mostly of the images of the Buda and relief sculptures presenting scenes from Buddhist texts. A number of Bodhisattva figures were carved out. A figure of Gandhara shows the first sermon in the deer park and the death of the Buddha. In all these figures there is a realistic treatment of the body although it is draped. In these sculptures theres a tendency to mould the human body in a realisti manner paying great attention to accuracy and physical details particularly in the presentation of muscles, moustaches, etc. Also the representation of the thick bold fold lines forms a distinct characteristic Thus the Gandhara sculptures offer a striking contrast to what has been discovered elsewhere in India.
Explanation :
Ashokawas an ancient Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty who ruled almost all of the Indian sub continent from c.268 to 232 BC. One of India's greatest emperors, Ashoka reigned overthe entire Indian subcontinent except parts of present-day Tamil Nadu Karnataka and Kerala.
[4] Who was the founder of the Sat vahana Empire?
A.
Kanha
B.
Simuka
C.
Hala
D.
Gautamiputra
Ans:
Simuka
Explanation :
Simuka was the founder of the Satavahana Dynasty. He is mentioned as the first king in a list of Roy in a Satavahana inscription at Nanaghat. He lieved to have destroyed the Shunga Power in eccan with the aid of the Rathikas and Bhojaka He reigned for around 23 years and was beheade by his brother Kanha, who succeeded him.
[5] One of the following Indus Valley sites is in Pakistan -
A.
Lothal
B.
Kalibangan
C.
Alamgirpur
D.
Harappa
Ans:
Harappa
Explanation :
Harappa is an archaeological site in Punjab, Pakistan. The site takes its name from a modern village located near the former course of the Ravi River. Harappa contains the ruins of a Bronze Age fortified city, which was part of the Cemetery H culture and the Indus Valley Civilization, centered in Sindh and the Punjab.
[6] Ravikirti, a Jain, who composed the Aihole Prashasti, was patronized by -
A.
Pulakeshin I
B.
Harsha
C.
Pulakeshin II
D.
Kharavela
Ans:
Pulakeshin II
Explanation :
Ravikirti was the court poet of Chalukya King, pulakesin II who reigned from 610 to 642 A.D. He authored the Aihole inscription at Meguti Temple which describes the defeat of Harshavardhana by Pulakes in II and the shifting of the capital from Aihole to Badami.
[7] Name the famous King of Kushan dynasty.
A.
Kanishka
B.
Pulakeshin
C.
Harsha
D.
Vikramaditya
Ans:
Kanishka
Explanation :
Kanishka was the most famous emperor of the Kushan dynasty (127-151) who ruled an empire ex tending from Turfan in the Tarim Basin to Pataliputra on the Gangetic plain and famous for his military political, and spiritual achievements. He convened the 4th Buddhist Council in Kashmir and provided en couragement to both the Gandhara school of Greco Buddhist Art and the Mathura school of Hindu art.
[8] From which modern State did the Alwar saints originate?
A.
Tamil Nadu
B.
Kerala
C.
Karnataka
D.
Maharashtra
Ans:
Tamil Nadu
Explanation :
In South India, the Bhakti movement originated in Tamil Nadu sometime afterthe 7th century AD with the Alwars (Vaishnava saints) and the Adiyars (Shaiva saints).
[9] Kalinga war took place in the year -
A.
261 BC
B.
263 BC
C.
232 BC
D.
240 BC
Ans:
261 BC
Explanation :
On the basis of Ashokan inscriptions, it cans beestablished that it was fought in 262-261 BC. The Kalinga war, the only major war Ashoka fought after his accession to throne, is one of the major and blood iest battles in the history of India.
[10] Harappa is situated on the bank of the river -
A.
Ganga
B.
Ravi
C.
Yamuna
D.
Sindhu
Ans:
Ravi
Explanation :
Harappa, is an archaeological site in Punjab, north-east Pakistan, which takes its name from a modern village located near the former course of the Ravi Rier. The two greatest cities, Mohenjodaro and Harappa, emerged circa 2600 BC along the Indus River valley in Punjab and Sindh.
[11] Which of the following was the capital of the Chola Kings?
A.
Kanchi
B.
Tanjore
C.
Madurai
D.
Trichirapally
Ans:
Tanjore
Explanation :
Thanjavur, formerly Tanjore, first rose to promi nence during the reign of the Medieval Cholas when it served as the capital of the Chola empire. After the fall of the Cholas, the city was ruled by various dynasties like Pandyas, Vijayanagar Empire, Madurai ayaks, Thanjavur Nayaks, Thanjavur Marathas and the British.
[12] Which of the following option is match?
A.
Alora
B.
Mahabalipuram- Rashtrakuta
C.
Meenakshi Temple-Pallavas
D.
Khjuraho
Ans:
Khjuraho
Explanation :
Khajuraho was the cultural capital of Chandel Rajputs, a Hindu dynasty that ruled this part of India from the 10-12th centuries. The political capital of the Chandelas was Kalinjar. The Khajuraho temples were built over a span of 200 years, from 950 to 1150. The Chandela capital was moved to Mahoba after this time, but Khajuraho continued to flourish for some time. Khajuraho has no forts because the Chandel Kings never lived in their cultural capital.
[13] Taxila was a famous site of -
A.
Early Vedic art
B.
Mauryan art
C.
Gandhara art
D.
Gupta art
Ans:
Early Vedic art
Explanation :
Taxila dates back to the Gandhara period when it was an important Hindu and Buddhist centre, and is still considered a place of religious and historical sanctity in those traditions. Gandhara art was a style of Buddhist visual art that developed in what is now northwestern Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan between the 1st century B.C and the 7th century A.D The style, of Greco-Roman origin, seems to have flourished largely during the Kushana dynasty.
[14] Bindusara sent Asoka to quell the rebellion in -
A.
Swarnagiri
B.
Taxila
C.
Ujjain
D.
Tosali
Ans:
Ujjain
Explanation :
Because of his reputation as a frightening warrior and a heartless general, Ashoka was sent by Bin dusara to curb the riots in the Avanti province (Uijain) of the Mauryan empire. The Buddhist text Divyavadana talks of Ashoka putting down a revolt due to activities of wicked ministers. He was twice to paci the Taxilans.
[15] Arthasastra was written by -
A.
Dhanananda
B.
Kautilya
C.
Bimbisara
D.
Pushyamitra
Ans:
Kautilya
Explanation :
The Arthasastra is an ancient Indian treatise on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy which identifies its author by the names 'Kautilya' and 'Vishnaugupta', both names that are traditionally identified with Chanakya (c. 350-283 BC), who was a scholar at Takshashila and the teacher and guardian of Emperor Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of Mauyan Empire. Because of its harsh political pragmatism, the Arthasastra has often been compared to Machiavelli's The Prince.
[16] St. Thomas is said to have come to India to propagate Christianity during the reign of the -
A.
Cheras
B.
Parthians
C.
Pandyas
D.
Cholas
Ans:
Parthians
Explanation :
St. Thomas is traditionally believed to have sailed to India in 52AD to spread the Christian faith among the Jews, the Jewish diaspora present in Kerala at the time. He is supposed to have landed at the ancient port of Muziris near Kodungalloor. He then went to Palayoor (near present-day Guruvayoor), which was a Hindu priestly community at that time. He left Palayoor in AD 52 for the southern part of what is now Kerala State, where he established the Ezharappall ikal, or "Seven and Half Churches". Thomas landed in Cranganoor (Kodungallur, Muziris) and took part in the wedding of Cheraman Perumal and proceeded to the courts of Gondophorus in North India. Gundaphorus was indeed a historical figure and he belonged to the Parthian Dynasty from Takshasila (Taxila).
[17] The organic relationship between the ancient culture of the Indus Valley and Hinduism of today is proved by the worship of -
A.
Pashupati, Indra and the Mother Goddess
B.
Stones, trees and animals
C.
Vishnu and Lakshmi
D.
Siva and Sakti
Ans:
Stones, trees and animals
Explanation :
There has been evidence that the people of the Indus Valley Civilization believed in animal and nature worship. The figure of deities on the seals indicates that they worshipped gods and goddesses in the human form. No major sculpture survives but for a bust thought to be of a major priest and the stunning bronze dancing girl. The Divine Mother appears to have been an important goddess due to the countless terra-cotta statues of her that re-found follows a school of thought that would become prevalent later as well, of the female energy being regarded as the source of all creation. What is most interesting is the existence of a male god which has been identified as a prototype of an important God of the religion of Hinduism, Lord Shiva. The fact that the same God is still worshipped today, and has been for the last five thousand years is one of t remarkable features of Indian culture. Even evidence of the Bhakti cult (loving devotion to a personal God as been found at Indus Valley Civilization sites, and the Bhakti cult also has a large following even today It can , therefore, be concluded that there is a close relationship between the beliefs of the Indus Valley Civilization and that of modern Hinduism.
[18] The number system "Zero' was invented by -
A.
Ramanujam
B.
Aryabhatta
C.
Patanjali
D.
An unknown person
Ans:
Aryabhatta
Explanation :
The concept of zero as a number and not merely a symbol for separation is attributed to India, where, by the 9th century AD, practical calculations were carried out using zero, which was treated like any other number, even in case of division. The credit for inventing 'zero (O)' goes to Indian mathematicians and the number zero first appears in a book about 'arithmetic written by an Indian mathematician Braha-Dasgupta'. Zero signifies 'nothing and the current definition call it an 'additive identity'. The Indian math and Bhaskara, Mahavira and Brahamagupta worked on this new number and they tried to explain its properties. It wasn't that somebody suddenly came up with the idea of the zero and the mathematicians throughout the world accepted it. Around 500 AD Aryabhatta, an Indian mathematician devised a number system and the symbol he used for the number zero was also the number used to represent an unknown element (x).
[19] 'Charak' was the famous court physician of -
A.
Harsha
B.
Chandra Gupta Maurya
C.
Ashoka
D.
Kanishka
Ans:
Kanishka
Explanation :
Charaka was one of the principal contributors to the system of medicine and lifestyle developed in Ancient India. He is referred to as the Father of Medicine. The life and times of Charaka are not known with certainty. Some Indian scholars have stated that Charaka of Charaka Samhita existed before Panini, the grammarian, who B. C the ancient art and science of Ayurveda, a is said to have lived before the sixth century her school argues that Patanjali wrote a commentary on the medical work of Charaka. They say that If Patanjali lived around 175 B.C., Charaka must have live sometime before him. Another source about the identity of Charaka and his times is provided by French orientalist Sylvan Levi. He discovered Chinese translation of the Buddhist Tripitaka, a person named Charaka who was a court physician to the Indo-Scythian king Kanishka, who in all probability reigned in the second century A.D. From the above discussion, it would seem that Charaka may have lived between the second century B.C. to the second century A.D.
[20] Buddhism made an important impact by allowing two sections of society into its fold. They were
A.
Merchants and Priests
B.
Moneylenders and Slaves
C.
Warriors and Traders
D.
Women and Sudras
Ans:
Women and Sudras
Explanation :
Buddha was against caste. His religion was open to all, to Shudras, women and even repentant criminals. The Buddhist scriptures were available to all men and women. Buddhism encouraged the abolition of distinctions in society and strengthened the principle of social equality.
[21] How was Burma (now Myanmar) known to ancient Indians?
A.
Malayamandalam
B.
Yavadwipa
C.
Suvarnabhumi
D.
Suvarnadwipa
Ans:
Suvarnabhumi
Explanation :
Suvarnabhumi is a Sanskrit term meaning the en Land" or "Land of Gold", coined by the ancient Indians which refers broadly to Southeast Asianr gion across Gulf of Bengal and Eastern Indian Ocean some form of an INDIAN HIS wer Burma, Lower Thailand, Lower Malay Penin sula, and Sumatra. Although it seems to cover the vast region in Southeast Asia, it is generally accepted that the name Suvarnabhumi was first used to refer more specifically to Lower Burma. Another term which was used by the ancient Indians is Suvarnadvipa which means the "Golden Peninsula/Island". Suvarnabhumi may have been used primarily as a vague general designation of an extensive region in Southeast Asia but, over time, different parts of it came to be designated by the additional epithets of island, peninsula.
[22] 'Banabhatta' was the court poet of which emperor?
A.
Vikramaditya
B.
Kumaragupta
C.
Harshavardhana
D.
Kanishka
Ans:
Harshavardhana
Explanation :
Banabhatta was a Sanskrit scholar and poet of India. He was the Asthana Kavi in the court of King Harshavardhana, who reigned in the years 606-647CE in north India. Bana's principal works include a biography of Harsha, the Harshacharita and one of the world's earliest novels, Kadambari. The other works ttributed to him is the Parvatiparinaya.
[23] The first Indian ruler, who established the supremacy of Indian Navy in the Arabian Sea was
A.
RajarajaI
B.
RajendraI
C.
Rajadhiraja I
D.
Kulottunga I
Ans:
RajarajaI
Explanation :
Rajaraja Chola I created a powerful standing army and a considerable navy, which achieved even greater success under his son Rajendra Chola I. One of the last conquests of Rajaraja was the naval conquest of the 'old islands of the sea numbering 12,000', the Maldives. Chola Navy also had played a major role in the invasion of Lanka.
[24] The Saka era commencing from A.D. 78, was founded by -
A.
Kanishka
B.
Asoka
C.
Chandragupta
D.
Vikramaditya
Ans:
Kanishka
Explanation :
The date of Kanishka's accession is disputed, ranging from 78 to 248. The generally accepted date of 78 is also the basis for an era presumably started by the akas and used in addition to the Gregorian calenr by the present-day Indian government Gandhara School of art is mainly related tona Buddhism which encouraged image wor.
[25] Ganhadra school of art came into existence in -
A.
Hinayana sect
B.
Mahayana sect
C.
Vaishnava sect
D.
Shaiva sect
Ans:
Mahayana sect
Explanation :
Theahaya hip. The Kushan kings, particularly Kanishka, encouraged the Gandhara artists. The Gandhara scul ptures have been found in the ruins of Taxila and in various ancient sites in Afghanistan and in West Pakistan. They consist mostly of the images of the Buda and relief sculptures presenting scenes from Buddhist texts. A number of Bodhisattva figures were carved out. A figure of Gandhara shows the first sermon in the deer park and the death of the Buddha. In all these figures there is a realistic treatment of the body although it is draped. In these sculptures theres a tendency to mould the human body in a realisti manner paying great attention to accuracy and physical details particularly in the presentation of muscles, moustaches, etc. Also the representation of the thick bold fold lines forms a distinct characteristic Thus the Gandhara sculptures offer a striking contrast to what has been discovered elsewhere in India.
Explanation :
Harappa is an archaeological site in Punjab, Pakistan. The site takes its name from a modern village located near the former course of the Ravi River. Harappa contains the ruins of a Bronze Age fortified city, which was part of the Cemetery H culture and the Indus Valley Civilization, centered in Sindh and the Punjab.
[6] Ravikirti, a Jain, who composed the Aihole Prashasti, was patronized by -
A.
Pulakeshin I
B.
Harsha
C.
Pulakeshin II
D.
Kharavela
Ans:
Pulakeshin II
Explanation :
Ravikirti was the court poet of Chalukya King, pulakesin II who reigned from 610 to 642 A.D. He authored the Aihole inscription at Meguti Temple which describes the defeat of Harshavardhana by Pulakes in II and the shifting of the capital from Aihole to Badami.
[7] Name the famous King of Kushan dynasty.
A.
Kanishka
B.
Pulakeshin
C.
Harsha
D.
Vikramaditya
Ans:
Kanishka
Explanation :
Kanishka was the most famous emperor of the Kushan dynasty (127-151) who ruled an empire ex tending from Turfan in the Tarim Basin to Pataliputra on the Gangetic plain and famous for his military political, and spiritual achievements. He convened the 4th Buddhist Council in Kashmir and provided en couragement to both the Gandhara school of Greco Buddhist Art and the Mathura school of Hindu art.
[8] From which modern State did the Alwar saints originate?
A.
Tamil Nadu
B.
Kerala
C.
Karnataka
D.
Maharashtra
Ans:
Tamil Nadu
Explanation :
In South India, the Bhakti movement originated in Tamil Nadu sometime afterthe 7th century AD with the Alwars (Vaishnava saints) and the Adiyars (Shaiva saints).
[9] Kalinga war took place in the year -
A.
261 BC
B.
263 BC
C.
232 BC
D.
240 BC
Ans:
261 BC
Explanation :
On the basis of Ashokan inscriptions, it cans beestablished that it was fought in 262-261 BC. The Kalinga war, the only major war Ashoka fought after his accession to throne, is one of the major and blood iest battles in the history of India.
[10] Harappa is situated on the bank of the river -
A.
Ganga
B.
Ravi
C.
Yamuna
D.
Sindhu
Ans:
Ravi
Explanation :
Harappa, is an archaeological site in Punjab, north-east Pakistan, which takes its name from a modern village located near the former course of the Ravi Rier. The two greatest cities, Mohenjodaro and Harappa, emerged circa 2600 BC along the Indus River valley in Punjab and Sindh.
[11] Which of the following was the capital of the Chola Kings?
A.
Kanchi
B.
Tanjore
C.
Madurai
D.
Trichirapally
Ans:
Tanjore
Explanation :
Thanjavur, formerly Tanjore, first rose to promi nence during the reign of the Medieval Cholas when it served as the capital of the Chola empire. After the fall of the Cholas, the city was ruled by various dynasties like Pandyas, Vijayanagar Empire, Madurai ayaks, Thanjavur Nayaks, Thanjavur Marathas and the British.
[12] Which of the following option is match?
A.
Alora
B.
Mahabalipuram- Rashtrakuta
C.
Meenakshi Temple-Pallavas
D.
Khjuraho
Ans:
Khjuraho
Explanation :
Khajuraho was the cultural capital of Chandel Rajputs, a Hindu dynasty that ruled this part of India from the 10-12th centuries. The political capital of the Chandelas was Kalinjar. The Khajuraho temples were built over a span of 200 years, from 950 to 1150. The Chandela capital was moved to Mahoba after this time, but Khajuraho continued to flourish for some time. Khajuraho has no forts because the Chandel Kings never lived in their cultural capital.
[13] Taxila was a famous site of -
A.
Early Vedic art
B.
Mauryan art
C.
Gandhara art
D.
Gupta art
Ans:
Early Vedic art
Explanation :
Taxila dates back to the Gandhara period when it was an important Hindu and Buddhist centre, and is still considered a place of religious and historical sanctity in those traditions. Gandhara art was a style of Buddhist visual art that developed in what is now northwestern Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan between the 1st century B.C and the 7th century A.D The style, of Greco-Roman origin, seems to have flourished largely during the Kushana dynasty.
[14] Bindusara sent Asoka to quell the rebellion in -
A.
Swarnagiri
B.
Taxila
C.
Ujjain
D.
Tosali
Ans:
Ujjain
Explanation :
Because of his reputation as a frightening warrior and a heartless general, Ashoka was sent by Bin dusara to curb the riots in the Avanti province (Uijain) of the Mauryan empire. The Buddhist text Divyavadana talks of Ashoka putting down a revolt due to activities of wicked ministers. He was twice to paci the Taxilans.
[15] Arthasastra was written by -
A.
Dhanananda
B.
Kautilya
C.
Bimbisara
D.
Pushyamitra
Ans:
Kautilya
Explanation :
The Arthasastra is an ancient Indian treatise on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy which identifies its author by the names 'Kautilya' and 'Vishnaugupta', both names that are traditionally identified with Chanakya (c. 350-283 BC), who was a scholar at Takshashila and the teacher and guardian of Emperor Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of Mauyan Empire. Because of its harsh political pragmatism, the Arthasastra has often been compared to Machiavelli's The Prince.
[16] St. Thomas is said to have come to India to propagate Christianity during the reign of the -
A.
Cheras
B.
Parthians
C.
Pandyas
D.
Cholas
Ans:
Parthians
Explanation :
St. Thomas is traditionally believed to have sailed to India in 52AD to spread the Christian faith among the Jews, the Jewish diaspora present in Kerala at the time. He is supposed to have landed at the ancient port of Muziris near Kodungalloor. He then went to Palayoor (near present-day Guruvayoor), which was a Hindu priestly community at that time. He left Palayoor in AD 52 for the southern part of what is now Kerala State, where he established the Ezharappall ikal, or "Seven and Half Churches". Thomas landed in Cranganoor (Kodungallur, Muziris) and took part in the wedding of Cheraman Perumal and proceeded to the courts of Gondophorus in North India. Gundaphorus was indeed a historical figure and he belonged to the Parthian Dynasty from Takshasila (Taxila).
[17] The organic relationship between the ancient culture of the Indus Valley and Hinduism of today is proved by the worship of -
A.
Pashupati, Indra and the Mother Goddess
B.
Stones, trees and animals
C.
Vishnu and Lakshmi
D.
Siva and Sakti
Ans:
Stones, trees and animals
Explanation :
There has been evidence that the people of the Indus Valley Civilization believed in animal and nature worship. The figure of deities on the seals indicates that they worshipped gods and goddesses in the human form. No major sculpture survives but for a bust thought to be of a major priest and the stunning bronze dancing girl. The Divine Mother appears to have been an important goddess due to the countless terra-cotta statues of her that re-found follows a school of thought that would become prevalent later as well, of the female energy being regarded as the source of all creation. What is most interesting is the existence of a male god which has been identified as a prototype of an important God of the religion of Hinduism, Lord Shiva. The fact that the same God is still worshipped today, and has been for the last five thousand years is one of t remarkable features of Indian culture. Even evidence of the Bhakti cult (loving devotion to a personal God as been found at Indus Valley Civilization sites, and the Bhakti cult also has a large following even today It can , therefore, be concluded that there is a close relationship between the beliefs of the Indus Valley Civilization and that of modern Hinduism.
[18] The number system "Zero' was invented by -
A.
Ramanujam
B.
Aryabhatta
C.
Patanjali
D.
An unknown person
Ans:
Aryabhatta
Explanation :
The concept of zero as a number and not merely a symbol for separation is attributed to India, where, by the 9th century AD, practical calculations were carried out using zero, which was treated like any other number, even in case of division. The credit for inventing 'zero (O)' goes to Indian mathematicians and the number zero first appears in a book about 'arithmetic written by an Indian mathematician Braha-Dasgupta'. Zero signifies 'nothing and the current definition call it an 'additive identity'. The Indian math and Bhaskara, Mahavira and Brahamagupta worked on this new number and they tried to explain its properties. It wasn't that somebody suddenly came up with the idea of the zero and the mathematicians throughout the world accepted it. Around 500 AD Aryabhatta, an Indian mathematician devised a number system and the symbol he used for the number zero was also the number used to represent an unknown element (x).
[19] 'Charak' was the famous court physician of -
A.
Harsha
B.
Chandra Gupta Maurya
C.
Ashoka
D.
Kanishka
Ans:
Kanishka
Explanation :
Charaka was one of the principal contributors to the system of medicine and lifestyle developed in Ancient India. He is referred to as the Father of Medicine. The life and times of Charaka are not known with certainty. Some Indian scholars have stated that Charaka of Charaka Samhita existed before Panini, the grammarian, who B. C the ancient art and science of Ayurveda, a is said to have lived before the sixth century her school argues that Patanjali wrote a commentary on the medical work of Charaka. They say that If Patanjali lived around 175 B.C., Charaka must have live sometime before him. Another source about the identity of Charaka and his times is provided by French orientalist Sylvan Levi. He discovered Chinese translation of the Buddhist Tripitaka, a person named Charaka who was a court physician to the Indo-Scythian king Kanishka, who in all probability reigned in the second century A.D. From the above discussion, it would seem that Charaka may have lived between the second century B.C. to the second century A.D.
[20] Buddhism made an important impact by allowing two sections of society into its fold. They were
A.
Merchants and Priests
B.
Moneylenders and Slaves
C.
Warriors and Traders
D.
Women and Sudras
Ans:
Women and Sudras
Explanation :
Buddha was against caste. His religion was open to all, to Shudras, women and even repentant criminals. The Buddhist scriptures were available to all men and women. Buddhism encouraged the abolition of distinctions in society and strengthened the principle of social equality.
[21] How was Burma (now Myanmar) known to ancient Indians?
A.
Malayamandalam
B.
Yavadwipa
C.
Suvarnabhumi
D.
Suvarnadwipa
Ans:
Suvarnabhumi
Explanation :
Suvarnabhumi is a Sanskrit term meaning the en Land" or "Land of Gold", coined by the ancient Indians which refers broadly to Southeast Asianr gion across Gulf of Bengal and Eastern Indian Ocean some form of an INDIAN HIS wer Burma, Lower Thailand, Lower Malay Penin sula, and Sumatra. Although it seems to cover the vast region in Southeast Asia, it is generally accepted that the name Suvarnabhumi was first used to refer more specifically to Lower Burma. Another term which was used by the ancient Indians is Suvarnadvipa which means the "Golden Peninsula/Island". Suvarnabhumi may have been used primarily as a vague general designation of an extensive region in Southeast Asia but, over time, different parts of it came to be designated by the additional epithets of island, peninsula.
[22] 'Banabhatta' was the court poet of which emperor?
A.
Vikramaditya
B.
Kumaragupta
C.
Harshavardhana
D.
Kanishka
Ans:
Harshavardhana
Explanation :
Banabhatta was a Sanskrit scholar and poet of India. He was the Asthana Kavi in the court of King Harshavardhana, who reigned in the years 606-647CE in north India. Bana's principal works include a biography of Harsha, the Harshacharita and one of the world's earliest novels, Kadambari. The other works ttributed to him is the Parvatiparinaya.
[23] The first Indian ruler, who established the supremacy of Indian Navy in the Arabian Sea was
A.
RajarajaI
B.
RajendraI
C.
Rajadhiraja I
D.
Kulottunga I
Ans:
RajarajaI
Explanation :
Rajaraja Chola I created a powerful standing army and a considerable navy, which achieved even greater success under his son Rajendra Chola I. One of the last conquests of Rajaraja was the naval conquest of the 'old islands of the sea numbering 12,000', the Maldives. Chola Navy also had played a major role in the invasion of Lanka.
[24] The Saka era commencing from A.D. 78, was founded by -
A.
Kanishka
B.
Asoka
C.
Chandragupta
D.
Vikramaditya
Ans:
Kanishka
Explanation :
The date of Kanishka's accession is disputed, ranging from 78 to 248. The generally accepted date of 78 is also the basis for an era presumably started by the akas and used in addition to the Gregorian calenr by the present-day Indian government Gandhara School of art is mainly related tona Buddhism which encouraged image wor.
[25] Ganhadra school of art came into existence in -
A.
Hinayana sect
B.
Mahayana sect
C.
Vaishnava sect
D.
Shaiva sect
Ans:
Mahayana sect
Explanation :
Theahaya hip. The Kushan kings, particularly Kanishka, encouraged the Gandhara artists. The Gandhara scul ptures have been found in the ruins of Taxila and in various ancient sites in Afghanistan and in West Pakistan. They consist mostly of the images of the Buda and relief sculptures presenting scenes from Buddhist texts. A number of Bodhisattva figures were carved out. A figure of Gandhara shows the first sermon in the deer park and the death of the Buddha. In all these figures there is a realistic treatment of the body although it is draped. In these sculptures theres a tendency to mould the human body in a realisti manner paying great attention to accuracy and physical details particularly in the presentation of muscles, moustaches, etc. Also the representation of the thick bold fold lines forms a distinct characteristic Thus the Gandhara sculptures offer a striking contrast to what has been discovered elsewhere in India.
Explanation :
Kanishka was the most famous emperor of the Kushan dynasty (127-151) who ruled an empire ex tending from Turfan in the Tarim Basin to Pataliputra on the Gangetic plain and famous for his military political, and spiritual achievements. He convened the 4th Buddhist Council in Kashmir and provided en couragement to both the Gandhara school of Greco Buddhist Art and the Mathura school of Hindu art.
[8] From which modern State did the Alwar saints originate?
A.
Tamil Nadu
B.
Kerala
C.
Karnataka
D.
Maharashtra
Ans:
Tamil Nadu
Explanation :
In South India, the Bhakti movement originated in Tamil Nadu sometime afterthe 7th century AD with the Alwars (Vaishnava saints) and the Adiyars (Shaiva saints).
[9] Kalinga war took place in the year -
A.
261 BC
B.
263 BC
C.
232 BC
D.
240 BC
Ans:
261 BC
Explanation :
On the basis of Ashokan inscriptions, it cans beestablished that it was fought in 262-261 BC. The Kalinga war, the only major war Ashoka fought after his accession to throne, is one of the major and blood iest battles in the history of India.
[10] Harappa is situated on the bank of the river -
A.
Ganga
B.
Ravi
C.
Yamuna
D.
Sindhu
Ans:
Ravi
Explanation :
Harappa, is an archaeological site in Punjab, north-east Pakistan, which takes its name from a modern village located near the former course of the Ravi Rier. The two greatest cities, Mohenjodaro and Harappa, emerged circa 2600 BC along the Indus River valley in Punjab and Sindh.
[11] Which of the following was the capital of the Chola Kings?
A.
Kanchi
B.
Tanjore
C.
Madurai
D.
Trichirapally
Ans:
Tanjore
Explanation :
Thanjavur, formerly Tanjore, first rose to promi nence during the reign of the Medieval Cholas when it served as the capital of the Chola empire. After the fall of the Cholas, the city was ruled by various dynasties like Pandyas, Vijayanagar Empire, Madurai ayaks, Thanjavur Nayaks, Thanjavur Marathas and the British.
[12] Which of the following option is match?
A.
Alora
B.
Mahabalipuram- Rashtrakuta
C.
Meenakshi Temple-Pallavas
D.
Khjuraho
Ans:
Khjuraho
Explanation :
Khajuraho was the cultural capital of Chandel Rajputs, a Hindu dynasty that ruled this part of India from the 10-12th centuries. The political capital of the Chandelas was Kalinjar. The Khajuraho temples were built over a span of 200 years, from 950 to 1150. The Chandela capital was moved to Mahoba after this time, but Khajuraho continued to flourish for some time. Khajuraho has no forts because the Chandel Kings never lived in their cultural capital.
[13] Taxila was a famous site of -
A.
Early Vedic art
B.
Mauryan art
C.
Gandhara art
D.
Gupta art
Ans:
Early Vedic art
Explanation :
Taxila dates back to the Gandhara period when it was an important Hindu and Buddhist centre, and is still considered a place of religious and historical sanctity in those traditions. Gandhara art was a style of Buddhist visual art that developed in what is now northwestern Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan between the 1st century B.C and the 7th century A.D The style, of Greco-Roman origin, seems to have flourished largely during the Kushana dynasty.
[14] Bindusara sent Asoka to quell the rebellion in -
A.
Swarnagiri
B.
Taxila
C.
Ujjain
D.
Tosali
Ans:
Ujjain
Explanation :
Because of his reputation as a frightening warrior and a heartless general, Ashoka was sent by Bin dusara to curb the riots in the Avanti province (Uijain) of the Mauryan empire. The Buddhist text Divyavadana talks of Ashoka putting down a revolt due to activities of wicked ministers. He was twice to paci the Taxilans.
[15] Arthasastra was written by -
A.
Dhanananda
B.
Kautilya
C.
Bimbisara
D.
Pushyamitra
Ans:
Kautilya
Explanation :
The Arthasastra is an ancient Indian treatise on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy which identifies its author by the names 'Kautilya' and 'Vishnaugupta', both names that are traditionally identified with Chanakya (c. 350-283 BC), who was a scholar at Takshashila and the teacher and guardian of Emperor Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of Mauyan Empire. Because of its harsh political pragmatism, the Arthasastra has often been compared to Machiavelli's The Prince.
[16] St. Thomas is said to have come to India to propagate Christianity during the reign of the -
A.
Cheras
B.
Parthians
C.
Pandyas
D.
Cholas
Ans:
Parthians
Explanation :
St. Thomas is traditionally believed to have sailed to India in 52AD to spread the Christian faith among the Jews, the Jewish diaspora present in Kerala at the time. He is supposed to have landed at the ancient port of Muziris near Kodungalloor. He then went to Palayoor (near present-day Guruvayoor), which was a Hindu priestly community at that time. He left Palayoor in AD 52 for the southern part of what is now Kerala State, where he established the Ezharappall ikal, or "Seven and Half Churches". Thomas landed in Cranganoor (Kodungallur, Muziris) and took part in the wedding of Cheraman Perumal and proceeded to the courts of Gondophorus in North India. Gundaphorus was indeed a historical figure and he belonged to the Parthian Dynasty from Takshasila (Taxila).
[17] The organic relationship between the ancient culture of the Indus Valley and Hinduism of today is proved by the worship of -
A.
Pashupati, Indra and the Mother Goddess
B.
Stones, trees and animals
C.
Vishnu and Lakshmi
D.
Siva and Sakti
Ans:
Stones, trees and animals
Explanation :
There has been evidence that the people of the Indus Valley Civilization believed in animal and nature worship. The figure of deities on the seals indicates that they worshipped gods and goddesses in the human form. No major sculpture survives but for a bust thought to be of a major priest and the stunning bronze dancing girl. The Divine Mother appears to have been an important goddess due to the countless terra-cotta statues of her that re-found follows a school of thought that would become prevalent later as well, of the female energy being regarded as the source of all creation. What is most interesting is the existence of a male god which has been identified as a prototype of an important God of the religion of Hinduism, Lord Shiva. The fact that the same God is still worshipped today, and has been for the last five thousand years is one of t remarkable features of Indian culture. Even evidence of the Bhakti cult (loving devotion to a personal God as been found at Indus Valley Civilization sites, and the Bhakti cult also has a large following even today It can , therefore, be concluded that there is a close relationship between the beliefs of the Indus Valley Civilization and that of modern Hinduism.
[18] The number system "Zero' was invented by -
A.
Ramanujam
B.
Aryabhatta
C.
Patanjali
D.
An unknown person
Ans:
Aryabhatta
Explanation :
The concept of zero as a number and not merely a symbol for separation is attributed to India, where, by the 9th century AD, practical calculations were carried out using zero, which was treated like any other number, even in case of division. The credit for inventing 'zero (O)' goes to Indian mathematicians and the number zero first appears in a book about 'arithmetic written by an Indian mathematician Braha-Dasgupta'. Zero signifies 'nothing and the current definition call it an 'additive identity'. The Indian math and Bhaskara, Mahavira and Brahamagupta worked on this new number and they tried to explain its properties. It wasn't that somebody suddenly came up with the idea of the zero and the mathematicians throughout the world accepted it. Around 500 AD Aryabhatta, an Indian mathematician devised a number system and the symbol he used for the number zero was also the number used to represent an unknown element (x).
[19] 'Charak' was the famous court physician of -
A.
Harsha
B.
Chandra Gupta Maurya
C.
Ashoka
D.
Kanishka
Ans:
Kanishka
Explanation :
Charaka was one of the principal contributors to the system of medicine and lifestyle developed in Ancient India. He is referred to as the Father of Medicine. The life and times of Charaka are not known with certainty. Some Indian scholars have stated that Charaka of Charaka Samhita existed before Panini, the grammarian, who B. C the ancient art and science of Ayurveda, a is said to have lived before the sixth century her school argues that Patanjali wrote a commentary on the medical work of Charaka. They say that If Patanjali lived around 175 B.C., Charaka must have live sometime before him. Another source about the identity of Charaka and his times is provided by French orientalist Sylvan Levi. He discovered Chinese translation of the Buddhist Tripitaka, a person named Charaka who was a court physician to the Indo-Scythian king Kanishka, who in all probability reigned in the second century A.D. From the above discussion, it would seem that Charaka may have lived between the second century B.C. to the second century A.D.
[20] Buddhism made an important impact by allowing two sections of society into its fold. They were
A.
Merchants and Priests
B.
Moneylenders and Slaves
C.
Warriors and Traders
D.
Women and Sudras
Ans:
Women and Sudras
Explanation :
Buddha was against caste. His religion was open to all, to Shudras, women and even repentant criminals. The Buddhist scriptures were available to all men and women. Buddhism encouraged the abolition of distinctions in society and strengthened the principle of social equality.
[21] How was Burma (now Myanmar) known to ancient Indians?
A.
Malayamandalam
B.
Yavadwipa
C.
Suvarnabhumi
D.
Suvarnadwipa
Ans:
Suvarnabhumi
Explanation :
Suvarnabhumi is a Sanskrit term meaning the en Land" or "Land of Gold", coined by the ancient Indians which refers broadly to Southeast Asianr gion across Gulf of Bengal and Eastern Indian Ocean some form of an INDIAN HIS wer Burma, Lower Thailand, Lower Malay Penin sula, and Sumatra. Although it seems to cover the vast region in Southeast Asia, it is generally accepted that the name Suvarnabhumi was first used to refer more specifically to Lower Burma. Another term which was used by the ancient Indians is Suvarnadvipa which means the "Golden Peninsula/Island". Suvarnabhumi may have been used primarily as a vague general designation of an extensive region in Southeast Asia but, over time, different parts of it came to be designated by the additional epithets of island, peninsula.
[22] 'Banabhatta' was the court poet of which emperor?
A.
Vikramaditya
B.
Kumaragupta
C.
Harshavardhana
D.
Kanishka
Ans:
Harshavardhana
Explanation :
Banabhatta was a Sanskrit scholar and poet of India. He was the Asthana Kavi in the court of King Harshavardhana, who reigned in the years 606-647CE in north India. Bana's principal works include a biography of Harsha, the Harshacharita and one of the world's earliest novels, Kadambari. The other works ttributed to him is the Parvatiparinaya.
[23] The first Indian ruler, who established the supremacy of Indian Navy in the Arabian Sea was
A.
RajarajaI
B.
RajendraI
C.
Rajadhiraja I
D.
Kulottunga I
Ans:
RajarajaI
Explanation :
Rajaraja Chola I created a powerful standing army and a considerable navy, which achieved even greater success under his son Rajendra Chola I. One of the last conquests of Rajaraja was the naval conquest of the 'old islands of the sea numbering 12,000', the Maldives. Chola Navy also had played a major role in the invasion of Lanka.
[24] The Saka era commencing from A.D. 78, was founded by -
A.
Kanishka
B.
Asoka
C.
Chandragupta
D.
Vikramaditya
Ans:
Kanishka
Explanation :
The date of Kanishka's accession is disputed, ranging from 78 to 248. The generally accepted date of 78 is also the basis for an era presumably started by the akas and used in addition to the Gregorian calenr by the present-day Indian government Gandhara School of art is mainly related tona Buddhism which encouraged image wor.
[25] Ganhadra school of art came into existence in -
A.
Hinayana sect
B.
Mahayana sect
C.
Vaishnava sect
D.
Shaiva sect
Ans:
Mahayana sect
Explanation :
Theahaya hip. The Kushan kings, particularly Kanishka, encouraged the Gandhara artists. The Gandhara scul ptures have been found in the ruins of Taxila and in various ancient sites in Afghanistan and in West Pakistan. They consist mostly of the images of the Buda and relief sculptures presenting scenes from Buddhist texts. A number of Bodhisattva figures were carved out. A figure of Gandhara shows the first sermon in the deer park and the death of the Buddha. In all these figures there is a realistic treatment of the body although it is draped. In these sculptures theres a tendency to mould the human body in a realisti manner paying great attention to accuracy and physical details particularly in the presentation of muscles, moustaches, etc. Also the representation of the thick bold fold lines forms a distinct characteristic Thus the Gandhara sculptures offer a striking contrast to what has been discovered elsewhere in India.
Explanation :
On the basis of Ashokan inscriptions, it cans beestablished that it was fought in 262-261 BC. The Kalinga war, the only major war Ashoka fought after his accession to throne, is one of the major and blood iest battles in the history of India.
[10] Harappa is situated on the bank of the river -
A.
Ganga
B.
Ravi
C.
Yamuna
D.
Sindhu
Ans:
Ravi
Explanation :
Harappa, is an archaeological site in Punjab, north-east Pakistan, which takes its name from a modern village located near the former course of the Ravi Rier. The two greatest cities, Mohenjodaro and Harappa, emerged circa 2600 BC along the Indus River valley in Punjab and Sindh.
[11] Which of the following was the capital of the Chola Kings?
A.
Kanchi
B.
Tanjore
C.
Madurai
D.
Trichirapally
Ans:
Tanjore
Explanation :
Thanjavur, formerly Tanjore, first rose to promi nence during the reign of the Medieval Cholas when it served as the capital of the Chola empire. After the fall of the Cholas, the city was ruled by various dynasties like Pandyas, Vijayanagar Empire, Madurai ayaks, Thanjavur Nayaks, Thanjavur Marathas and the British.
[12] Which of the following option is match?
A.
Alora
B.
Mahabalipuram- Rashtrakuta
C.
Meenakshi Temple-Pallavas
D.
Khjuraho
Ans:
Khjuraho
Explanation :
Khajuraho was the cultural capital of Chandel Rajputs, a Hindu dynasty that ruled this part of India from the 10-12th centuries. The political capital of the Chandelas was Kalinjar. The Khajuraho temples were built over a span of 200 years, from 950 to 1150. The Chandela capital was moved to Mahoba after this time, but Khajuraho continued to flourish for some time. Khajuraho has no forts because the Chandel Kings never lived in their cultural capital.
[13] Taxila was a famous site of -
A.
Early Vedic art
B.
Mauryan art
C.
Gandhara art
D.
Gupta art
Ans:
Early Vedic art
Explanation :
Taxila dates back to the Gandhara period when it was an important Hindu and Buddhist centre, and is still considered a place of religious and historical sanctity in those traditions. Gandhara art was a style of Buddhist visual art that developed in what is now northwestern Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan between the 1st century B.C and the 7th century A.D The style, of Greco-Roman origin, seems to have flourished largely during the Kushana dynasty.
[14] Bindusara sent Asoka to quell the rebellion in -
A.
Swarnagiri
B.
Taxila
C.
Ujjain
D.
Tosali
Ans:
Ujjain
Explanation :
Because of his reputation as a frightening warrior and a heartless general, Ashoka was sent by Bin dusara to curb the riots in the Avanti province (Uijain) of the Mauryan empire. The Buddhist text Divyavadana talks of Ashoka putting down a revolt due to activities of wicked ministers. He was twice to paci the Taxilans.
[15] Arthasastra was written by -
A.
Dhanananda
B.
Kautilya
C.
Bimbisara
D.
Pushyamitra
Ans:
Kautilya
Explanation :
The Arthasastra is an ancient Indian treatise on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy which identifies its author by the names 'Kautilya' and 'Vishnaugupta', both names that are traditionally identified with Chanakya (c. 350-283 BC), who was a scholar at Takshashila and the teacher and guardian of Emperor Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of Mauyan Empire. Because of its harsh political pragmatism, the Arthasastra has often been compared to Machiavelli's The Prince.
[16] St. Thomas is said to have come to India to propagate Christianity during the reign of the -
A.
Cheras
B.
Parthians
C.
Pandyas
D.
Cholas
Ans:
Parthians
Explanation :
St. Thomas is traditionally believed to have sailed to India in 52AD to spread the Christian faith among the Jews, the Jewish diaspora present in Kerala at the time. He is supposed to have landed at the ancient port of Muziris near Kodungalloor. He then went to Palayoor (near present-day Guruvayoor), which was a Hindu priestly community at that time. He left Palayoor in AD 52 for the southern part of what is now Kerala State, where he established the Ezharappall ikal, or "Seven and Half Churches". Thomas landed in Cranganoor (Kodungallur, Muziris) and took part in the wedding of Cheraman Perumal and proceeded to the courts of Gondophorus in North India. Gundaphorus was indeed a historical figure and he belonged to the Parthian Dynasty from Takshasila (Taxila).
[17] The organic relationship between the ancient culture of the Indus Valley and Hinduism of today is proved by the worship of -
A.
Pashupati, Indra and the Mother Goddess
B.
Stones, trees and animals
C.
Vishnu and Lakshmi
D.
Siva and Sakti
Ans:
Stones, trees and animals
Explanation :
There has been evidence that the people of the Indus Valley Civilization believed in animal and nature worship. The figure of deities on the seals indicates that they worshipped gods and goddesses in the human form. No major sculpture survives but for a bust thought to be of a major priest and the stunning bronze dancing girl. The Divine Mother appears to have been an important goddess due to the countless terra-cotta statues of her that re-found follows a school of thought that would become prevalent later as well, of the female energy being regarded as the source of all creation. What is most interesting is the existence of a male god which has been identified as a prototype of an important God of the religion of Hinduism, Lord Shiva. The fact that the same God is still worshipped today, and has been for the last five thousand years is one of t remarkable features of Indian culture. Even evidence of the Bhakti cult (loving devotion to a personal God as been found at Indus Valley Civilization sites, and the Bhakti cult also has a large following even today It can , therefore, be concluded that there is a close relationship between the beliefs of the Indus Valley Civilization and that of modern Hinduism.
[18] The number system "Zero' was invented by -
A.
Ramanujam
B.
Aryabhatta
C.
Patanjali
D.
An unknown person
Ans:
Aryabhatta
Explanation :
The concept of zero as a number and not merely a symbol for separation is attributed to India, where, by the 9th century AD, practical calculations were carried out using zero, which was treated like any other number, even in case of division. The credit for inventing 'zero (O)' goes to Indian mathematicians and the number zero first appears in a book about 'arithmetic written by an Indian mathematician Braha-Dasgupta'. Zero signifies 'nothing and the current definition call it an 'additive identity'. The Indian math and Bhaskara, Mahavira and Brahamagupta worked on this new number and they tried to explain its properties. It wasn't that somebody suddenly came up with the idea of the zero and the mathematicians throughout the world accepted it. Around 500 AD Aryabhatta, an Indian mathematician devised a number system and the symbol he used for the number zero was also the number used to represent an unknown element (x).
[19] 'Charak' was the famous court physician of -
A.
Harsha
B.
Chandra Gupta Maurya
C.
Ashoka
D.
Kanishka
Ans:
Kanishka
Explanation :
Charaka was one of the principal contributors to the system of medicine and lifestyle developed in Ancient India. He is referred to as the Father of Medicine. The life and times of Charaka are not known with certainty. Some Indian scholars have stated that Charaka of Charaka Samhita existed before Panini, the grammarian, who B. C the ancient art and science of Ayurveda, a is said to have lived before the sixth century her school argues that Patanjali wrote a commentary on the medical work of Charaka. They say that If Patanjali lived around 175 B.C., Charaka must have live sometime before him. Another source about the identity of Charaka and his times is provided by French orientalist Sylvan Levi. He discovered Chinese translation of the Buddhist Tripitaka, a person named Charaka who was a court physician to the Indo-Scythian king Kanishka, who in all probability reigned in the second century A.D. From the above discussion, it would seem that Charaka may have lived between the second century B.C. to the second century A.D.
[20] Buddhism made an important impact by allowing two sections of society into its fold. They were
A.
Merchants and Priests
B.
Moneylenders and Slaves
C.
Warriors and Traders
D.
Women and Sudras
Ans:
Women and Sudras
Explanation :
Buddha was against caste. His religion was open to all, to Shudras, women and even repentant criminals. The Buddhist scriptures were available to all men and women. Buddhism encouraged the abolition of distinctions in society and strengthened the principle of social equality.
[21] How was Burma (now Myanmar) known to ancient Indians?
A.
Malayamandalam
B.
Yavadwipa
C.
Suvarnabhumi
D.
Suvarnadwipa
Ans:
Suvarnabhumi
Explanation :
Suvarnabhumi is a Sanskrit term meaning the en Land" or "Land of Gold", coined by the ancient Indians which refers broadly to Southeast Asianr gion across Gulf of Bengal and Eastern Indian Ocean some form of an INDIAN HIS wer Burma, Lower Thailand, Lower Malay Penin sula, and Sumatra. Although it seems to cover the vast region in Southeast Asia, it is generally accepted that the name Suvarnabhumi was first used to refer more specifically to Lower Burma. Another term which was used by the ancient Indians is Suvarnadvipa which means the "Golden Peninsula/Island". Suvarnabhumi may have been used primarily as a vague general designation of an extensive region in Southeast Asia but, over time, different parts of it came to be designated by the additional epithets of island, peninsula.
[22] 'Banabhatta' was the court poet of which emperor?
A.
Vikramaditya
B.
Kumaragupta
C.
Harshavardhana
D.
Kanishka
Ans:
Harshavardhana
Explanation :
Banabhatta was a Sanskrit scholar and poet of India. He was the Asthana Kavi in the court of King Harshavardhana, who reigned in the years 606-647CE in north India. Bana's principal works include a biography of Harsha, the Harshacharita and one of the world's earliest novels, Kadambari. The other works ttributed to him is the Parvatiparinaya.
[23] The first Indian ruler, who established the supremacy of Indian Navy in the Arabian Sea was
A.
RajarajaI
B.
RajendraI
C.
Rajadhiraja I
D.
Kulottunga I
Ans:
RajarajaI
Explanation :
Rajaraja Chola I created a powerful standing army and a considerable navy, which achieved even greater success under his son Rajendra Chola I. One of the last conquests of Rajaraja was the naval conquest of the 'old islands of the sea numbering 12,000', the Maldives. Chola Navy also had played a major role in the invasion of Lanka.
[24] The Saka era commencing from A.D. 78, was founded by -
A.
Kanishka
B.
Asoka
C.
Chandragupta
D.
Vikramaditya
Ans:
Kanishka
Explanation :
The date of Kanishka's accession is disputed, ranging from 78 to 248. The generally accepted date of 78 is also the basis for an era presumably started by the akas and used in addition to the Gregorian calenr by the present-day Indian government Gandhara School of art is mainly related tona Buddhism which encouraged image wor.
[25] Ganhadra school of art came into existence in -
A.
Hinayana sect
B.
Mahayana sect
C.
Vaishnava sect
D.
Shaiva sect
Ans:
Mahayana sect
Explanation :
Theahaya hip. The Kushan kings, particularly Kanishka, encouraged the Gandhara artists. The Gandhara scul ptures have been found in the ruins of Taxila and in various ancient sites in Afghanistan and in West Pakistan. They consist mostly of the images of the Buda and relief sculptures presenting scenes from Buddhist texts. A number of Bodhisattva figures were carved out. A figure of Gandhara shows the first sermon in the deer park and the death of the Buddha. In all these figures there is a realistic treatment of the body although it is draped. In these sculptures theres a tendency to mould the human body in a realisti manner paying great attention to accuracy and physical details particularly in the presentation of muscles, moustaches, etc. Also the representation of the thick bold fold lines forms a distinct characteristic Thus the Gandhara sculptures offer a striking contrast to what has been discovered elsewhere in India.
Explanation :
Thanjavur, formerly Tanjore, first rose to promi nence during the reign of the Medieval Cholas when it served as the capital of the Chola empire. After the fall of the Cholas, the city was ruled by various dynasties like Pandyas, Vijayanagar Empire, Madurai ayaks, Thanjavur Nayaks, Thanjavur Marathas and the British.
[12] Which of the following option is match?
A.
Alora
B.
Mahabalipuram- Rashtrakuta
C.
Meenakshi Temple-Pallavas
D.
Khjuraho
Ans:
Khjuraho
Explanation :
Khajuraho was the cultural capital of Chandel Rajputs, a Hindu dynasty that ruled this part of India from the 10-12th centuries. The political capital of the Chandelas was Kalinjar. The Khajuraho temples were built over a span of 200 years, from 950 to 1150. The Chandela capital was moved to Mahoba after this time, but Khajuraho continued to flourish for some time. Khajuraho has no forts because the Chandel Kings never lived in their cultural capital.
[13] Taxila was a famous site of -
A.
Early Vedic art
B.
Mauryan art
C.
Gandhara art
D.
Gupta art
Ans:
Early Vedic art
Explanation :
Taxila dates back to the Gandhara period when it was an important Hindu and Buddhist centre, and is still considered a place of religious and historical sanctity in those traditions. Gandhara art was a style of Buddhist visual art that developed in what is now northwestern Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan between the 1st century B.C and the 7th century A.D The style, of Greco-Roman origin, seems to have flourished largely during the Kushana dynasty.
[14] Bindusara sent Asoka to quell the rebellion in -
A.
Swarnagiri
B.
Taxila
C.
Ujjain
D.
Tosali
Ans:
Ujjain
Explanation :
Because of his reputation as a frightening warrior and a heartless general, Ashoka was sent by Bin dusara to curb the riots in the Avanti province (Uijain) of the Mauryan empire. The Buddhist text Divyavadana talks of Ashoka putting down a revolt due to activities of wicked ministers. He was twice to paci the Taxilans.
[15] Arthasastra was written by -
A.
Dhanananda
B.
Kautilya
C.
Bimbisara
D.
Pushyamitra
Ans:
Kautilya
Explanation :
The Arthasastra is an ancient Indian treatise on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy which identifies its author by the names 'Kautilya' and 'Vishnaugupta', both names that are traditionally identified with Chanakya (c. 350-283 BC), who was a scholar at Takshashila and the teacher and guardian of Emperor Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of Mauyan Empire. Because of its harsh political pragmatism, the Arthasastra has often been compared to Machiavelli's The Prince.
[16] St. Thomas is said to have come to India to propagate Christianity during the reign of the -
A.
Cheras
B.
Parthians
C.
Pandyas
D.
Cholas
Ans:
Parthians
Explanation :
St. Thomas is traditionally believed to have sailed to India in 52AD to spread the Christian faith among the Jews, the Jewish diaspora present in Kerala at the time. He is supposed to have landed at the ancient port of Muziris near Kodungalloor. He then went to Palayoor (near present-day Guruvayoor), which was a Hindu priestly community at that time. He left Palayoor in AD 52 for the southern part of what is now Kerala State, where he established the Ezharappall ikal, or "Seven and Half Churches". Thomas landed in Cranganoor (Kodungallur, Muziris) and took part in the wedding of Cheraman Perumal and proceeded to the courts of Gondophorus in North India. Gundaphorus was indeed a historical figure and he belonged to the Parthian Dynasty from Takshasila (Taxila).
[17] The organic relationship between the ancient culture of the Indus Valley and Hinduism of today is proved by the worship of -
A.
Pashupati, Indra and the Mother Goddess
B.
Stones, trees and animals
C.
Vishnu and Lakshmi
D.
Siva and Sakti
Ans:
Stones, trees and animals
Explanation :
There has been evidence that the people of the Indus Valley Civilization believed in animal and nature worship. The figure of deities on the seals indicates that they worshipped gods and goddesses in the human form. No major sculpture survives but for a bust thought to be of a major priest and the stunning bronze dancing girl. The Divine Mother appears to have been an important goddess due to the countless terra-cotta statues of her that re-found follows a school of thought that would become prevalent later as well, of the female energy being regarded as the source of all creation. What is most interesting is the existence of a male god which has been identified as a prototype of an important God of the religion of Hinduism, Lord Shiva. The fact that the same God is still worshipped today, and has been for the last five thousand years is one of t remarkable features of Indian culture. Even evidence of the Bhakti cult (loving devotion to a personal God as been found at Indus Valley Civilization sites, and the Bhakti cult also has a large following even today It can , therefore, be concluded that there is a close relationship between the beliefs of the Indus Valley Civilization and that of modern Hinduism.
[18] The number system "Zero' was invented by -
A.
Ramanujam
B.
Aryabhatta
C.
Patanjali
D.
An unknown person
Ans:
Aryabhatta
Explanation :
The concept of zero as a number and not merely a symbol for separation is attributed to India, where, by the 9th century AD, practical calculations were carried out using zero, which was treated like any other number, even in case of division. The credit for inventing 'zero (O)' goes to Indian mathematicians and the number zero first appears in a book about 'arithmetic written by an Indian mathematician Braha-Dasgupta'. Zero signifies 'nothing and the current definition call it an 'additive identity'. The Indian math and Bhaskara, Mahavira and Brahamagupta worked on this new number and they tried to explain its properties. It wasn't that somebody suddenly came up with the idea of the zero and the mathematicians throughout the world accepted it. Around 500 AD Aryabhatta, an Indian mathematician devised a number system and the symbol he used for the number zero was also the number used to represent an unknown element (x).
[19] 'Charak' was the famous court physician of -
A.
Harsha
B.
Chandra Gupta Maurya
C.
Ashoka
D.
Kanishka
Ans:
Kanishka
Explanation :
Charaka was one of the principal contributors to the system of medicine and lifestyle developed in Ancient India. He is referred to as the Father of Medicine. The life and times of Charaka are not known with certainty. Some Indian scholars have stated that Charaka of Charaka Samhita existed before Panini, the grammarian, who B. C the ancient art and science of Ayurveda, a is said to have lived before the sixth century her school argues that Patanjali wrote a commentary on the medical work of Charaka. They say that If Patanjali lived around 175 B.C., Charaka must have live sometime before him. Another source about the identity of Charaka and his times is provided by French orientalist Sylvan Levi. He discovered Chinese translation of the Buddhist Tripitaka, a person named Charaka who was a court physician to the Indo-Scythian king Kanishka, who in all probability reigned in the second century A.D. From the above discussion, it would seem that Charaka may have lived between the second century B.C. to the second century A.D.
[20] Buddhism made an important impact by allowing two sections of society into its fold. They were
A.
Merchants and Priests
B.
Moneylenders and Slaves
C.
Warriors and Traders
D.
Women and Sudras
Ans:
Women and Sudras
Explanation :
Buddha was against caste. His religion was open to all, to Shudras, women and even repentant criminals. The Buddhist scriptures were available to all men and women. Buddhism encouraged the abolition of distinctions in society and strengthened the principle of social equality.
[21] How was Burma (now Myanmar) known to ancient Indians?
A.
Malayamandalam
B.
Yavadwipa
C.
Suvarnabhumi
D.
Suvarnadwipa
Ans:
Suvarnabhumi
Explanation :
Suvarnabhumi is a Sanskrit term meaning the en Land" or "Land of Gold", coined by the ancient Indians which refers broadly to Southeast Asianr gion across Gulf of Bengal and Eastern Indian Ocean some form of an INDIAN HIS wer Burma, Lower Thailand, Lower Malay Penin sula, and Sumatra. Although it seems to cover the vast region in Southeast Asia, it is generally accepted that the name Suvarnabhumi was first used to refer more specifically to Lower Burma. Another term which was used by the ancient Indians is Suvarnadvipa which means the "Golden Peninsula/Island". Suvarnabhumi may have been used primarily as a vague general designation of an extensive region in Southeast Asia but, over time, different parts of it came to be designated by the additional epithets of island, peninsula.
[22] 'Banabhatta' was the court poet of which emperor?
A.
Vikramaditya
B.
Kumaragupta
C.
Harshavardhana
D.
Kanishka
Ans:
Harshavardhana
Explanation :
Banabhatta was a Sanskrit scholar and poet of India. He was the Asthana Kavi in the court of King Harshavardhana, who reigned in the years 606-647CE in north India. Bana's principal works include a biography of Harsha, the Harshacharita and one of the world's earliest novels, Kadambari. The other works ttributed to him is the Parvatiparinaya.
[23] The first Indian ruler, who established the supremacy of Indian Navy in the Arabian Sea was
A.
RajarajaI
B.
RajendraI
C.
Rajadhiraja I
D.
Kulottunga I
Ans:
RajarajaI
Explanation :
Rajaraja Chola I created a powerful standing army and a considerable navy, which achieved even greater success under his son Rajendra Chola I. One of the last conquests of Rajaraja was the naval conquest of the 'old islands of the sea numbering 12,000', the Maldives. Chola Navy also had played a major role in the invasion of Lanka.
[24] The Saka era commencing from A.D. 78, was founded by -
A.
Kanishka
B.
Asoka
C.
Chandragupta
D.
Vikramaditya
Ans:
Kanishka
Explanation :
The date of Kanishka's accession is disputed, ranging from 78 to 248. The generally accepted date of 78 is also the basis for an era presumably started by the akas and used in addition to the Gregorian calenr by the present-day Indian government Gandhara School of art is mainly related tona Buddhism which encouraged image wor.
[25] Ganhadra school of art came into existence in -
A.
Hinayana sect
B.
Mahayana sect
C.
Vaishnava sect
D.
Shaiva sect
Ans:
Mahayana sect
Explanation :
Theahaya hip. The Kushan kings, particularly Kanishka, encouraged the Gandhara artists. The Gandhara scul ptures have been found in the ruins of Taxila and in various ancient sites in Afghanistan and in West Pakistan. They consist mostly of the images of the Buda and relief sculptures presenting scenes from Buddhist texts. A number of Bodhisattva figures were carved out. A figure of Gandhara shows the first sermon in the deer park and the death of the Buddha. In all these figures there is a realistic treatment of the body although it is draped. In these sculptures theres a tendency to mould the human body in a realisti manner paying great attention to accuracy and physical details particularly in the presentation of muscles, moustaches, etc. Also the representation of the thick bold fold lines forms a distinct characteristic Thus the Gandhara sculptures offer a striking contrast to what has been discovered elsewhere in India.
Explanation :
Taxila dates back to the Gandhara period when it was an important Hindu and Buddhist centre, and is still considered a place of religious and historical sanctity in those traditions. Gandhara art was a style of Buddhist visual art that developed in what is now northwestern Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan between the 1st century B.C and the 7th century A.D The style, of Greco-Roman origin, seems to have flourished largely during the Kushana dynasty.
[14] Bindusara sent Asoka to quell the rebellion in -
A.
Swarnagiri
B.
Taxila
C.
Ujjain
D.
Tosali
Ans:
Ujjain
Explanation :
Because of his reputation as a frightening warrior and a heartless general, Ashoka was sent by Bin dusara to curb the riots in the Avanti province (Uijain) of the Mauryan empire. The Buddhist text Divyavadana talks of Ashoka putting down a revolt due to activities of wicked ministers. He was twice to paci the Taxilans.
[15] Arthasastra was written by -
A.
Dhanananda
B.
Kautilya
C.
Bimbisara
D.
Pushyamitra
Ans:
Kautilya
Explanation :
The Arthasastra is an ancient Indian treatise on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy which identifies its author by the names 'Kautilya' and 'Vishnaugupta', both names that are traditionally identified with Chanakya (c. 350-283 BC), who was a scholar at Takshashila and the teacher and guardian of Emperor Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of Mauyan Empire. Because of its harsh political pragmatism, the Arthasastra has often been compared to Machiavelli's The Prince.
[16] St. Thomas is said to have come to India to propagate Christianity during the reign of the -
A.
Cheras
B.
Parthians
C.
Pandyas
D.
Cholas
Ans:
Parthians
Explanation :
St. Thomas is traditionally believed to have sailed to India in 52AD to spread the Christian faith among the Jews, the Jewish diaspora present in Kerala at the time. He is supposed to have landed at the ancient port of Muziris near Kodungalloor. He then went to Palayoor (near present-day Guruvayoor), which was a Hindu priestly community at that time. He left Palayoor in AD 52 for the southern part of what is now Kerala State, where he established the Ezharappall ikal, or "Seven and Half Churches". Thomas landed in Cranganoor (Kodungallur, Muziris) and took part in the wedding of Cheraman Perumal and proceeded to the courts of Gondophorus in North India. Gundaphorus was indeed a historical figure and he belonged to the Parthian Dynasty from Takshasila (Taxila).
[17] The organic relationship between the ancient culture of the Indus Valley and Hinduism of today is proved by the worship of -
A.
Pashupati, Indra and the Mother Goddess
B.
Stones, trees and animals
C.
Vishnu and Lakshmi
D.
Siva and Sakti
Ans:
Stones, trees and animals
Explanation :
There has been evidence that the people of the Indus Valley Civilization believed in animal and nature worship. The figure of deities on the seals indicates that they worshipped gods and goddesses in the human form. No major sculpture survives but for a bust thought to be of a major priest and the stunning bronze dancing girl. The Divine Mother appears to have been an important goddess due to the countless terra-cotta statues of her that re-found follows a school of thought that would become prevalent later as well, of the female energy being regarded as the source of all creation. What is most interesting is the existence of a male god which has been identified as a prototype of an important God of the religion of Hinduism, Lord Shiva. The fact that the same God is still worshipped today, and has been for the last five thousand years is one of t remarkable features of Indian culture. Even evidence of the Bhakti cult (loving devotion to a personal God as been found at Indus Valley Civilization sites, and the Bhakti cult also has a large following even today It can , therefore, be concluded that there is a close relationship between the beliefs of the Indus Valley Civilization and that of modern Hinduism.
[18] The number system "Zero' was invented by -
A.
Ramanujam
B.
Aryabhatta
C.
Patanjali
D.
An unknown person
Ans:
Aryabhatta
Explanation :
The concept of zero as a number and not merely a symbol for separation is attributed to India, where, by the 9th century AD, practical calculations were carried out using zero, which was treated like any other number, even in case of division. The credit for inventing 'zero (O)' goes to Indian mathematicians and the number zero first appears in a book about 'arithmetic written by an Indian mathematician Braha-Dasgupta'. Zero signifies 'nothing and the current definition call it an 'additive identity'. The Indian math and Bhaskara, Mahavira and Brahamagupta worked on this new number and they tried to explain its properties. It wasn't that somebody suddenly came up with the idea of the zero and the mathematicians throughout the world accepted it. Around 500 AD Aryabhatta, an Indian mathematician devised a number system and the symbol he used for the number zero was also the number used to represent an unknown element (x).
[19] 'Charak' was the famous court physician of -
A.
Harsha
B.
Chandra Gupta Maurya
C.
Ashoka
D.
Kanishka
Ans:
Kanishka
Explanation :
Charaka was one of the principal contributors to the system of medicine and lifestyle developed in Ancient India. He is referred to as the Father of Medicine. The life and times of Charaka are not known with certainty. Some Indian scholars have stated that Charaka of Charaka Samhita existed before Panini, the grammarian, who B. C the ancient art and science of Ayurveda, a is said to have lived before the sixth century her school argues that Patanjali wrote a commentary on the medical work of Charaka. They say that If Patanjali lived around 175 B.C., Charaka must have live sometime before him. Another source about the identity of Charaka and his times is provided by French orientalist Sylvan Levi. He discovered Chinese translation of the Buddhist Tripitaka, a person named Charaka who was a court physician to the Indo-Scythian king Kanishka, who in all probability reigned in the second century A.D. From the above discussion, it would seem that Charaka may have lived between the second century B.C. to the second century A.D.
[20] Buddhism made an important impact by allowing two sections of society into its fold. They were
A.
Merchants and Priests
B.
Moneylenders and Slaves
C.
Warriors and Traders
D.
Women and Sudras
Ans:
Women and Sudras
Explanation :
Buddha was against caste. His religion was open to all, to Shudras, women and even repentant criminals. The Buddhist scriptures were available to all men and women. Buddhism encouraged the abolition of distinctions in society and strengthened the principle of social equality.
[21] How was Burma (now Myanmar) known to ancient Indians?
A.
Malayamandalam
B.
Yavadwipa
C.
Suvarnabhumi
D.
Suvarnadwipa
Ans:
Suvarnabhumi
Explanation :
Suvarnabhumi is a Sanskrit term meaning the en Land" or "Land of Gold", coined by the ancient Indians which refers broadly to Southeast Asianr gion across Gulf of Bengal and Eastern Indian Ocean some form of an INDIAN HIS wer Burma, Lower Thailand, Lower Malay Penin sula, and Sumatra. Although it seems to cover the vast region in Southeast Asia, it is generally accepted that the name Suvarnabhumi was first used to refer more specifically to Lower Burma. Another term which was used by the ancient Indians is Suvarnadvipa which means the "Golden Peninsula/Island". Suvarnabhumi may have been used primarily as a vague general designation of an extensive region in Southeast Asia but, over time, different parts of it came to be designated by the additional epithets of island, peninsula.
[22] 'Banabhatta' was the court poet of which emperor?
A.
Vikramaditya
B.
Kumaragupta
C.
Harshavardhana
D.
Kanishka
Ans:
Harshavardhana
Explanation :
Banabhatta was a Sanskrit scholar and poet of India. He was the Asthana Kavi in the court of King Harshavardhana, who reigned in the years 606-647CE in north India. Bana's principal works include a biography of Harsha, the Harshacharita and one of the world's earliest novels, Kadambari. The other works ttributed to him is the Parvatiparinaya.
[23] The first Indian ruler, who established the supremacy of Indian Navy in the Arabian Sea was
A.
RajarajaI
B.
RajendraI
C.
Rajadhiraja I
D.
Kulottunga I
Ans:
RajarajaI
Explanation :
Rajaraja Chola I created a powerful standing army and a considerable navy, which achieved even greater success under his son Rajendra Chola I. One of the last conquests of Rajaraja was the naval conquest of the 'old islands of the sea numbering 12,000', the Maldives. Chola Navy also had played a major role in the invasion of Lanka.
[24] The Saka era commencing from A.D. 78, was founded by -
A.
Kanishka
B.
Asoka
C.
Chandragupta
D.
Vikramaditya
Ans:
Kanishka
Explanation :
The date of Kanishka's accession is disputed, ranging from 78 to 248. The generally accepted date of 78 is also the basis for an era presumably started by the akas and used in addition to the Gregorian calenr by the present-day Indian government Gandhara School of art is mainly related tona Buddhism which encouraged image wor.
[25] Ganhadra school of art came into existence in -
A.
Hinayana sect
B.
Mahayana sect
C.
Vaishnava sect
D.
Shaiva sect
Ans:
Mahayana sect
Explanation :
Theahaya hip. The Kushan kings, particularly Kanishka, encouraged the Gandhara artists. The Gandhara scul ptures have been found in the ruins of Taxila and in various ancient sites in Afghanistan and in West Pakistan. They consist mostly of the images of the Buda and relief sculptures presenting scenes from Buddhist texts. A number of Bodhisattva figures were carved out. A figure of Gandhara shows the first sermon in the deer park and the death of the Buddha. In all these figures there is a realistic treatment of the body although it is draped. In these sculptures theres a tendency to mould the human body in a realisti manner paying great attention to accuracy and physical details particularly in the presentation of muscles, moustaches, etc. Also the representation of the thick bold fold lines forms a distinct characteristic Thus the Gandhara sculptures offer a striking contrast to what has been discovered elsewhere in India.
Explanation :
The Arthasastra is an ancient Indian treatise on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy which identifies its author by the names 'Kautilya' and 'Vishnaugupta', both names that are traditionally identified with Chanakya (c. 350-283 BC), who was a scholar at Takshashila and the teacher and guardian of Emperor Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of Mauyan Empire. Because of its harsh political pragmatism, the Arthasastra has often been compared to Machiavelli's The Prince.
[16] St. Thomas is said to have come to India to propagate Christianity during the reign of the -
A.
Cheras
B.
Parthians
C.
Pandyas
D.
Cholas
Ans:
Parthians
Explanation :
St. Thomas is traditionally believed to have sailed to India in 52AD to spread the Christian faith among the Jews, the Jewish diaspora present in Kerala at the time. He is supposed to have landed at the ancient port of Muziris near Kodungalloor. He then went to Palayoor (near present-day Guruvayoor), which was a Hindu priestly community at that time. He left Palayoor in AD 52 for the southern part of what is now Kerala State, where he established the Ezharappall ikal, or "Seven and Half Churches". Thomas landed in Cranganoor (Kodungallur, Muziris) and took part in the wedding of Cheraman Perumal and proceeded to the courts of Gondophorus in North India. Gundaphorus was indeed a historical figure and he belonged to the Parthian Dynasty from Takshasila (Taxila).
[17] The organic relationship between the ancient culture of the Indus Valley and Hinduism of today is proved by the worship of -
A.
Pashupati, Indra and the Mother Goddess
B.
Stones, trees and animals
C.
Vishnu and Lakshmi
D.
Siva and Sakti
Ans:
Stones, trees and animals
Explanation :
There has been evidence that the people of the Indus Valley Civilization believed in animal and nature worship. The figure of deities on the seals indicates that they worshipped gods and goddesses in the human form. No major sculpture survives but for a bust thought to be of a major priest and the stunning bronze dancing girl. The Divine Mother appears to have been an important goddess due to the countless terra-cotta statues of her that re-found follows a school of thought that would become prevalent later as well, of the female energy being regarded as the source of all creation. What is most interesting is the existence of a male god which has been identified as a prototype of an important God of the religion of Hinduism, Lord Shiva. The fact that the same God is still worshipped today, and has been for the last five thousand years is one of t remarkable features of Indian culture. Even evidence of the Bhakti cult (loving devotion to a personal God as been found at Indus Valley Civilization sites, and the Bhakti cult also has a large following even today It can , therefore, be concluded that there is a close relationship between the beliefs of the Indus Valley Civilization and that of modern Hinduism.
[18] The number system "Zero' was invented by -
A.
Ramanujam
B.
Aryabhatta
C.
Patanjali
D.
An unknown person
Ans:
Aryabhatta
Explanation :
The concept of zero as a number and not merely a symbol for separation is attributed to India, where, by the 9th century AD, practical calculations were carried out using zero, which was treated like any other number, even in case of division. The credit for inventing 'zero (O)' goes to Indian mathematicians and the number zero first appears in a book about 'arithmetic written by an Indian mathematician Braha-Dasgupta'. Zero signifies 'nothing and the current definition call it an 'additive identity'. The Indian math and Bhaskara, Mahavira and Brahamagupta worked on this new number and they tried to explain its properties. It wasn't that somebody suddenly came up with the idea of the zero and the mathematicians throughout the world accepted it. Around 500 AD Aryabhatta, an Indian mathematician devised a number system and the symbol he used for the number zero was also the number used to represent an unknown element (x).
[19] 'Charak' was the famous court physician of -
A.
Harsha
B.
Chandra Gupta Maurya
C.
Ashoka
D.
Kanishka
Ans:
Kanishka
Explanation :
Charaka was one of the principal contributors to the system of medicine and lifestyle developed in Ancient India. He is referred to as the Father of Medicine. The life and times of Charaka are not known with certainty. Some Indian scholars have stated that Charaka of Charaka Samhita existed before Panini, the grammarian, who B. C the ancient art and science of Ayurveda, a is said to have lived before the sixth century her school argues that Patanjali wrote a commentary on the medical work of Charaka. They say that If Patanjali lived around 175 B.C., Charaka must have live sometime before him. Another source about the identity of Charaka and his times is provided by French orientalist Sylvan Levi. He discovered Chinese translation of the Buddhist Tripitaka, a person named Charaka who was a court physician to the Indo-Scythian king Kanishka, who in all probability reigned in the second century A.D. From the above discussion, it would seem that Charaka may have lived between the second century B.C. to the second century A.D.
[20] Buddhism made an important impact by allowing two sections of society into its fold. They were
A.
Merchants and Priests
B.
Moneylenders and Slaves
C.
Warriors and Traders
D.
Women and Sudras
Ans:
Women and Sudras
Explanation :
Buddha was against caste. His religion was open to all, to Shudras, women and even repentant criminals. The Buddhist scriptures were available to all men and women. Buddhism encouraged the abolition of distinctions in society and strengthened the principle of social equality.
[21] How was Burma (now Myanmar) known to ancient Indians?
A.
Malayamandalam
B.
Yavadwipa
C.
Suvarnabhumi
D.
Suvarnadwipa
Ans:
Suvarnabhumi
Explanation :
Suvarnabhumi is a Sanskrit term meaning the en Land" or "Land of Gold", coined by the ancient Indians which refers broadly to Southeast Asianr gion across Gulf of Bengal and Eastern Indian Ocean some form of an INDIAN HIS wer Burma, Lower Thailand, Lower Malay Penin sula, and Sumatra. Although it seems to cover the vast region in Southeast Asia, it is generally accepted that the name Suvarnabhumi was first used to refer more specifically to Lower Burma. Another term which was used by the ancient Indians is Suvarnadvipa which means the "Golden Peninsula/Island". Suvarnabhumi may have been used primarily as a vague general designation of an extensive region in Southeast Asia but, over time, different parts of it came to be designated by the additional epithets of island, peninsula.
[22] 'Banabhatta' was the court poet of which emperor?
A.
Vikramaditya
B.
Kumaragupta
C.
Harshavardhana
D.
Kanishka
Ans:
Harshavardhana
Explanation :
Banabhatta was a Sanskrit scholar and poet of India. He was the Asthana Kavi in the court of King Harshavardhana, who reigned in the years 606-647CE in north India. Bana's principal works include a biography of Harsha, the Harshacharita and one of the world's earliest novels, Kadambari. The other works ttributed to him is the Parvatiparinaya.
[23] The first Indian ruler, who established the supremacy of Indian Navy in the Arabian Sea was
A.
RajarajaI
B.
RajendraI
C.
Rajadhiraja I
D.
Kulottunga I
Ans:
RajarajaI
Explanation :
Rajaraja Chola I created a powerful standing army and a considerable navy, which achieved even greater success under his son Rajendra Chola I. One of the last conquests of Rajaraja was the naval conquest of the 'old islands of the sea numbering 12,000', the Maldives. Chola Navy also had played a major role in the invasion of Lanka.
[24] The Saka era commencing from A.D. 78, was founded by -
A.
Kanishka
B.
Asoka
C.
Chandragupta
D.
Vikramaditya
Ans:
Kanishka
Explanation :
The date of Kanishka's accession is disputed, ranging from 78 to 248. The generally accepted date of 78 is also the basis for an era presumably started by the akas and used in addition to the Gregorian calenr by the present-day Indian government Gandhara School of art is mainly related tona Buddhism which encouraged image wor.
[25] Ganhadra school of art came into existence in -
A.
Hinayana sect
B.
Mahayana sect
C.
Vaishnava sect
D.
Shaiva sect
Ans:
Mahayana sect
Explanation :
Theahaya hip. The Kushan kings, particularly Kanishka, encouraged the Gandhara artists. The Gandhara scul ptures have been found in the ruins of Taxila and in various ancient sites in Afghanistan and in West Pakistan. They consist mostly of the images of the Buda and relief sculptures presenting scenes from Buddhist texts. A number of Bodhisattva figures were carved out. A figure of Gandhara shows the first sermon in the deer park and the death of the Buddha. In all these figures there is a realistic treatment of the body although it is draped. In these sculptures theres a tendency to mould the human body in a realisti manner paying great attention to accuracy and physical details particularly in the presentation of muscles, moustaches, etc. Also the representation of the thick bold fold lines forms a distinct characteristic Thus the Gandhara sculptures offer a striking contrast to what has been discovered elsewhere in India.
Explanation :
There has been evidence that the people of the Indus Valley Civilization believed in animal and nature worship. The figure of deities on the seals indicates that they worshipped gods and goddesses in the human form. No major sculpture survives but for a bust thought to be of a major priest and the stunning bronze dancing girl. The Divine Mother appears to have been an important goddess due to the countless terra-cotta statues of her that re-found follows a school of thought that would become prevalent later as well, of the female energy being regarded as the source of all creation. What is most interesting is the existence of a male god which has been identified as a prototype of an important God of the religion of Hinduism, Lord Shiva. The fact that the same God is still worshipped today, and has been for the last five thousand years is one of t remarkable features of Indian culture. Even evidence of the Bhakti cult (loving devotion to a personal God as been found at Indus Valley Civilization sites, and the Bhakti cult also has a large following even today It can , therefore, be concluded that there is a close relationship between the beliefs of the Indus Valley Civilization and that of modern Hinduism.
[18] The number system "Zero' was invented by -
A.
Ramanujam
B.
Aryabhatta
C.
Patanjali
D.
An unknown person
Ans:
Aryabhatta
Explanation :
The concept of zero as a number and not merely a symbol for separation is attributed to India, where, by the 9th century AD, practical calculations were carried out using zero, which was treated like any other number, even in case of division. The credit for inventing 'zero (O)' goes to Indian mathematicians and the number zero first appears in a book about 'arithmetic written by an Indian mathematician Braha-Dasgupta'. Zero signifies 'nothing and the current definition call it an 'additive identity'. The Indian math and Bhaskara, Mahavira and Brahamagupta worked on this new number and they tried to explain its properties. It wasn't that somebody suddenly came up with the idea of the zero and the mathematicians throughout the world accepted it. Around 500 AD Aryabhatta, an Indian mathematician devised a number system and the symbol he used for the number zero was also the number used to represent an unknown element (x).
[19] 'Charak' was the famous court physician of -
A.
Harsha
B.
Chandra Gupta Maurya
C.
Ashoka
D.
Kanishka
Ans:
Kanishka
Explanation :
Charaka was one of the principal contributors to the system of medicine and lifestyle developed in Ancient India. He is referred to as the Father of Medicine. The life and times of Charaka are not known with certainty. Some Indian scholars have stated that Charaka of Charaka Samhita existed before Panini, the grammarian, who B. C the ancient art and science of Ayurveda, a is said to have lived before the sixth century her school argues that Patanjali wrote a commentary on the medical work of Charaka. They say that If Patanjali lived around 175 B.C., Charaka must have live sometime before him. Another source about the identity of Charaka and his times is provided by French orientalist Sylvan Levi. He discovered Chinese translation of the Buddhist Tripitaka, a person named Charaka who was a court physician to the Indo-Scythian king Kanishka, who in all probability reigned in the second century A.D. From the above discussion, it would seem that Charaka may have lived between the second century B.C. to the second century A.D.
[20] Buddhism made an important impact by allowing two sections of society into its fold. They were
A.
Merchants and Priests
B.
Moneylenders and Slaves
C.
Warriors and Traders
D.
Women and Sudras
Ans:
Women and Sudras
Explanation :
Buddha was against caste. His religion was open to all, to Shudras, women and even repentant criminals. The Buddhist scriptures were available to all men and women. Buddhism encouraged the abolition of distinctions in society and strengthened the principle of social equality.
[21] How was Burma (now Myanmar) known to ancient Indians?
A.
Malayamandalam
B.
Yavadwipa
C.
Suvarnabhumi
D.
Suvarnadwipa
Ans:
Suvarnabhumi
Explanation :
Suvarnabhumi is a Sanskrit term meaning the en Land" or "Land of Gold", coined by the ancient Indians which refers broadly to Southeast Asianr gion across Gulf of Bengal and Eastern Indian Ocean some form of an INDIAN HIS wer Burma, Lower Thailand, Lower Malay Penin sula, and Sumatra. Although it seems to cover the vast region in Southeast Asia, it is generally accepted that the name Suvarnabhumi was first used to refer more specifically to Lower Burma. Another term which was used by the ancient Indians is Suvarnadvipa which means the "Golden Peninsula/Island". Suvarnabhumi may have been used primarily as a vague general designation of an extensive region in Southeast Asia but, over time, different parts of it came to be designated by the additional epithets of island, peninsula.
[22] 'Banabhatta' was the court poet of which emperor?
A.
Vikramaditya
B.
Kumaragupta
C.
Harshavardhana
D.
Kanishka
Ans:
Harshavardhana
Explanation :
Banabhatta was a Sanskrit scholar and poet of India. He was the Asthana Kavi in the court of King Harshavardhana, who reigned in the years 606-647CE in north India. Bana's principal works include a biography of Harsha, the Harshacharita and one of the world's earliest novels, Kadambari. The other works ttributed to him is the Parvatiparinaya.
[23] The first Indian ruler, who established the supremacy of Indian Navy in the Arabian Sea was
A.
RajarajaI
B.
RajendraI
C.
Rajadhiraja I
D.
Kulottunga I
Ans:
RajarajaI
Explanation :
Rajaraja Chola I created a powerful standing army and a considerable navy, which achieved even greater success under his son Rajendra Chola I. One of the last conquests of Rajaraja was the naval conquest of the 'old islands of the sea numbering 12,000', the Maldives. Chola Navy also had played a major role in the invasion of Lanka.
[24] The Saka era commencing from A.D. 78, was founded by -
A.
Kanishka
B.
Asoka
C.
Chandragupta
D.
Vikramaditya
Ans:
Kanishka
Explanation :
The date of Kanishka's accession is disputed, ranging from 78 to 248. The generally accepted date of 78 is also the basis for an era presumably started by the akas and used in addition to the Gregorian calenr by the present-day Indian government Gandhara School of art is mainly related tona Buddhism which encouraged image wor.
[25] Ganhadra school of art came into existence in -
A.
Hinayana sect
B.
Mahayana sect
C.
Vaishnava sect
D.
Shaiva sect
Ans:
Mahayana sect
Explanation :
Theahaya hip. The Kushan kings, particularly Kanishka, encouraged the Gandhara artists. The Gandhara scul ptures have been found in the ruins of Taxila and in various ancient sites in Afghanistan and in West Pakistan. They consist mostly of the images of the Buda and relief sculptures presenting scenes from Buddhist texts. A number of Bodhisattva figures were carved out. A figure of Gandhara shows the first sermon in the deer park and the death of the Buddha. In all these figures there is a realistic treatment of the body although it is draped. In these sculptures theres a tendency to mould the human body in a realisti manner paying great attention to accuracy and physical details particularly in the presentation of muscles, moustaches, etc. Also the representation of the thick bold fold lines forms a distinct characteristic Thus the Gandhara sculptures offer a striking contrast to what has been discovered elsewhere in India.
Explanation :
Charaka was one of the principal contributors to the system of medicine and lifestyle developed in Ancient India. He is referred to as the Father of Medicine. The life and times of Charaka are not known with certainty. Some Indian scholars have stated that Charaka of Charaka Samhita existed before Panini, the grammarian, who B. C the ancient art and science of Ayurveda, a is said to have lived before the sixth century her school argues that Patanjali wrote a commentary on the medical work of Charaka. They say that If Patanjali lived around 175 B.C., Charaka must have live sometime before him. Another source about the identity of Charaka and his times is provided by French orientalist Sylvan Levi. He discovered Chinese translation of the Buddhist Tripitaka, a person named Charaka who was a court physician to the Indo-Scythian king Kanishka, who in all probability reigned in the second century A.D. From the above discussion, it would seem that Charaka may have lived between the second century B.C. to the second century A.D.
[20] Buddhism made an important impact by allowing two sections of society into its fold. They were
A.
Merchants and Priests
B.
Moneylenders and Slaves
C.
Warriors and Traders
D.
Women and Sudras
Ans:
Women and Sudras
Explanation :
Buddha was against caste. His religion was open to all, to Shudras, women and even repentant criminals. The Buddhist scriptures were available to all men and women. Buddhism encouraged the abolition of distinctions in society and strengthened the principle of social equality.
[21] How was Burma (now Myanmar) known to ancient Indians?
A.
Malayamandalam
B.
Yavadwipa
C.
Suvarnabhumi
D.
Suvarnadwipa
Ans:
Suvarnabhumi
Explanation :
Suvarnabhumi is a Sanskrit term meaning the en Land" or "Land of Gold", coined by the ancient Indians which refers broadly to Southeast Asianr gion across Gulf of Bengal and Eastern Indian Ocean some form of an INDIAN HIS wer Burma, Lower Thailand, Lower Malay Penin sula, and Sumatra. Although it seems to cover the vast region in Southeast Asia, it is generally accepted that the name Suvarnabhumi was first used to refer more specifically to Lower Burma. Another term which was used by the ancient Indians is Suvarnadvipa which means the "Golden Peninsula/Island". Suvarnabhumi may have been used primarily as a vague general designation of an extensive region in Southeast Asia but, over time, different parts of it came to be designated by the additional epithets of island, peninsula.
[22] 'Banabhatta' was the court poet of which emperor?
A.
Vikramaditya
B.
Kumaragupta
C.
Harshavardhana
D.
Kanishka
Ans:
Harshavardhana
Explanation :
Banabhatta was a Sanskrit scholar and poet of India. He was the Asthana Kavi in the court of King Harshavardhana, who reigned in the years 606-647CE in north India. Bana's principal works include a biography of Harsha, the Harshacharita and one of the world's earliest novels, Kadambari. The other works ttributed to him is the Parvatiparinaya.
[23] The first Indian ruler, who established the supremacy of Indian Navy in the Arabian Sea was
A.
RajarajaI
B.
RajendraI
C.
Rajadhiraja I
D.
Kulottunga I
Ans:
RajarajaI
Explanation :
Rajaraja Chola I created a powerful standing army and a considerable navy, which achieved even greater success under his son Rajendra Chola I. One of the last conquests of Rajaraja was the naval conquest of the 'old islands of the sea numbering 12,000', the Maldives. Chola Navy also had played a major role in the invasion of Lanka.
[24] The Saka era commencing from A.D. 78, was founded by -
A.
Kanishka
B.
Asoka
C.
Chandragupta
D.
Vikramaditya
Ans:
Kanishka
Explanation :
The date of Kanishka's accession is disputed, ranging from 78 to 248. The generally accepted date of 78 is also the basis for an era presumably started by the akas and used in addition to the Gregorian calenr by the present-day Indian government Gandhara School of art is mainly related tona Buddhism which encouraged image wor.
[25] Ganhadra school of art came into existence in -
A.
Hinayana sect
B.
Mahayana sect
C.
Vaishnava sect
D.
Shaiva sect
Ans:
Mahayana sect
Explanation :
Theahaya hip. The Kushan kings, particularly Kanishka, encouraged the Gandhara artists. The Gandhara scul ptures have been found in the ruins of Taxila and in various ancient sites in Afghanistan and in West Pakistan. They consist mostly of the images of the Buda and relief sculptures presenting scenes from Buddhist texts. A number of Bodhisattva figures were carved out. A figure of Gandhara shows the first sermon in the deer park and the death of the Buddha. In all these figures there is a realistic treatment of the body although it is draped. In these sculptures theres a tendency to mould the human body in a realisti manner paying great attention to accuracy and physical details particularly in the presentation of muscles, moustaches, etc. Also the representation of the thick bold fold lines forms a distinct characteristic Thus the Gandhara sculptures offer a striking contrast to what has been discovered elsewhere in India.
Explanation :
Suvarnabhumi is a Sanskrit term meaning the en Land" or "Land of Gold", coined by the ancient Indians which refers broadly to Southeast Asianr gion across Gulf of Bengal and Eastern Indian Ocean some form of an INDIAN HIS wer Burma, Lower Thailand, Lower Malay Penin sula, and Sumatra. Although it seems to cover the vast region in Southeast Asia, it is generally accepted that the name Suvarnabhumi was first used to refer more specifically to Lower Burma. Another term which was used by the ancient Indians is Suvarnadvipa which means the "Golden Peninsula/Island". Suvarnabhumi may have been used primarily as a vague general designation of an extensive region in Southeast Asia but, over time, different parts of it came to be designated by the additional epithets of island, peninsula.
[22] 'Banabhatta' was the court poet of which emperor?
A.
Vikramaditya
B.
Kumaragupta
C.
Harshavardhana
D.
Kanishka
Ans:
Harshavardhana
Explanation :
Banabhatta was a Sanskrit scholar and poet of India. He was the Asthana Kavi in the court of King Harshavardhana, who reigned in the years 606-647CE in north India. Bana's principal works include a biography of Harsha, the Harshacharita and one of the world's earliest novels, Kadambari. The other works ttributed to him is the Parvatiparinaya.
[23] The first Indian ruler, who established the supremacy of Indian Navy in the Arabian Sea was
A.
RajarajaI
B.
RajendraI
C.
Rajadhiraja I
D.
Kulottunga I
Ans:
RajarajaI
Explanation :
Rajaraja Chola I created a powerful standing army and a considerable navy, which achieved even greater success under his son Rajendra Chola I. One of the last conquests of Rajaraja was the naval conquest of the 'old islands of the sea numbering 12,000', the Maldives. Chola Navy also had played a major role in the invasion of Lanka.
[24] The Saka era commencing from A.D. 78, was founded by -
A.
Kanishka
B.
Asoka
C.
Chandragupta
D.
Vikramaditya
Ans:
Kanishka
Explanation :
The date of Kanishka's accession is disputed, ranging from 78 to 248. The generally accepted date of 78 is also the basis for an era presumably started by the akas and used in addition to the Gregorian calenr by the present-day Indian government Gandhara School of art is mainly related tona Buddhism which encouraged image wor.
[25] Ganhadra school of art came into existence in -
A.
Hinayana sect
B.
Mahayana sect
C.
Vaishnava sect
D.
Shaiva sect
Ans:
Mahayana sect
Explanation :
Theahaya hip. The Kushan kings, particularly Kanishka, encouraged the Gandhara artists. The Gandhara scul ptures have been found in the ruins of Taxila and in various ancient sites in Afghanistan and in West Pakistan. They consist mostly of the images of the Buda and relief sculptures presenting scenes from Buddhist texts. A number of Bodhisattva figures were carved out. A figure of Gandhara shows the first sermon in the deer park and the death of the Buddha. In all these figures there is a realistic treatment of the body although it is draped. In these sculptures theres a tendency to mould the human body in a realisti manner paying great attention to accuracy and physical details particularly in the presentation of muscles, moustaches, etc. Also the representation of the thick bold fold lines forms a distinct characteristic Thus the Gandhara sculptures offer a striking contrast to what has been discovered elsewhere in India.
Explanation :
Rajaraja Chola I created a powerful standing army and a considerable navy, which achieved even greater success under his son Rajendra Chola I. One of the last conquests of Rajaraja was the naval conquest of the 'old islands of the sea numbering 12,000', the Maldives. Chola Navy also had played a major role in the invasion of Lanka.
[24] The Saka era commencing from A.D. 78, was founded by -
A.
Kanishka
B.
Asoka
C.
Chandragupta
D.
Vikramaditya
Ans:
Kanishka
Explanation :
The date of Kanishka's accession is disputed, ranging from 78 to 248. The generally accepted date of 78 is also the basis for an era presumably started by the akas and used in addition to the Gregorian calenr by the present-day Indian government Gandhara School of art is mainly related tona Buddhism which encouraged image wor.
[25] Ganhadra school of art came into existence in -
A.
Hinayana sect
B.
Mahayana sect
C.
Vaishnava sect
D.
Shaiva sect
Ans:
Mahayana sect
Explanation :
Theahaya hip. The Kushan kings, particularly Kanishka, encouraged the Gandhara artists. The Gandhara scul ptures have been found in the ruins of Taxila and in various ancient sites in Afghanistan and in West Pakistan. They consist mostly of the images of the Buda and relief sculptures presenting scenes from Buddhist texts. A number of Bodhisattva figures were carved out. A figure of Gandhara shows the first sermon in the deer park and the death of the Buddha. In all these figures there is a realistic treatment of the body although it is draped. In these sculptures theres a tendency to mould the human body in a realisti manner paying great attention to accuracy and physical details particularly in the presentation of muscles, moustaches, etc. Also the representation of the thick bold fold lines forms a distinct characteristic Thus the Gandhara sculptures offer a striking contrast to what has been discovered elsewhere in India.
Explanation :
Theahaya hip. The Kushan kings, particularly Kanishka, encouraged the Gandhara artists. The Gandhara scul ptures have been found in the ruins of Taxila and in various ancient sites in Afghanistan and in West Pakistan. They consist mostly of the images of the Buda and relief sculptures presenting scenes from Buddhist texts. A number of Bodhisattva figures were carved out. A figure of Gandhara shows the first sermon in the deer park and the death of the Buddha. In all these figures there is a realistic treatment of the body although it is draped. In these sculptures theres a tendency to mould the human body in a realisti manner paying great attention to accuracy and physical details particularly in the presentation of muscles, moustaches, etc. Also the representation of the thick bold fold lines forms a distinct characteristic Thus the Gandhara sculptures offer a striking contrast to what has been discovered elsewhere in India.