[1] Which one among the following is not a fundamental duty?
A.
To abide by the Constitution of India and respect the national flag and national anthem
B.
To safeguard public property
C.
To protect the Sovereignty, Unity and Integrity of India
D.
To render compulsory military service
Ans:
To render compulsory military service
Explanation :
To render compulsory military service is not a fundamental duty of the Indian Citizens.
[2] Which one among the following pairs of level of government and legislative power is not correctly matched?
A.
Central Government : Union List
B.
Local Governments : Residuary powers
C.
State Governments : State List
D.
Central and State Government : Concurrent List
Ans:
Local Governments : Residuary powers
Explanation :
The State list contains 66 subjects of local or state importance. The state governments have the authority to make laws on these subjects. These subjects include police, local governments, trade, commerce and agriculture. Parliament has exclusive power to make any law with respect to any matter not enumerated in the Concurrent List or State List. Note: Residuary Power retained by a governmental authority after certain powers have been delegated to other authorities.
[3] Which one of the following is not a feature of Indian federalism?
A.
There is an independent judiciary in India.
B.
Powers have been clearly divided between the Centre and the States.
C.
The federating units have been given unequal representation in the Rajya Sabha.
D.
It is the result of an agreement among the federating units.
Ans:
It is the result of an agreement among the federating units.
Explanation :
Indian federation is not the result of an agreement among the states unlike the American federation. So, "D" is not the feature of Indian federalism.
[4] The Supreme Court of India acts as a Federal Court when it deals with –
A.
Civil cases
B.
Inter-State disputes
C.
Appeals from lower courts
D.
Election petitions
Ans:
Inter-State disputes
Explanation :
The Supreme Court has exclusive original jurisdiction over any dispute between the Government of India and one or more States or between the Government of India and any State or States on one side and one or more States on the other or between two or more States, if and insofar as the dispute involves any question (whether of law or of fact) on which the existence or extent of a legal right depend. In this capacity, it serves as the federal court of India.
[5] Which one of the following Chief Justices of India had the opportunity to act as President of India?
A.
Justice Mehar Chand Mahajan
B.
Justice P.B. Gajendra-gadkar
C.
Justice M. Hidayatulla
D.
Justice P. N. Bhagawati
Ans:
Justice M. Hidayatulla
Explanation :
Mohammad Hidayatullah was the eleventh Chief Justice of India, serving from February 25, 1968 to December 16, 1970, and the sixth Vice-President of India, serving from August 20, 1977 to August 20, 1982. He also served as the Acting President of India from July 20, 1969 to August 24, 1969.
[6] Which of the following is not a constitutional authority?
A.
State Election Commission
B.
State Finance Commission
C.
Zila Panchayat
D.
State Electoral Officer
Ans:
State Electoral Officer
Explanation :
State Electoral officer is not a constitutional authority.
[7] Which one among the following commissions was set up in pursuance of a definite provision under an Article of the Constitution of India?
A.
University Grants Commission
B.
National Human Rights Commission
C.
Election Commission
D.
Central Vigilance Commission
Ans:
Election Commission
Explanation :
University Grants commission, N.H.R.C. and C.V.C are non-constitutional bodies, whereas election commission is a constitutional body under Article 324.
[8] Which of the following is not an administrative function of a Village Panchayat?
A.
Providing sanitation and drainage
B.
Providing burial cremation grounds
C.
Providing college education
D.
Maintenance of roa
Ans:
Providing college education
Explanation :
Some of the functions of a Gram Panchayat are: collection of taxes like house etc; promotion of educational, health, agriculture and communication facilities; providing health and drinking water facilities whenever the village people need; produce authentic documents regarding birth, death or property details of village people; look after general welfare and immediate development of village e.g. road, fight, bazaar, community facilities, etc.
[9] Article 60 of the Indian Constitution refers to:
A.
Election of the President of India
B.
Oath of the President
C.
Impeachment of the President
D.
Vice President of India
Ans:
Oath of the President
Explanation :
Article 60 of the Indian Constitution deals with the oath of the President. It states that every President shall, before entering upon his office, make and subscribe an oath or affirmation in the presence of the Chief Justice of India or, in his absence, the senior most Judge of the Supreme Court available.
[10] Which among the following is not true about Pressure Groups?
A.
Pressure Groups aim at capturing government.
B.
Pressure Groups aim at influencing the policies of the government.
C.
Pressure Groups articulates the interest of its group
D.
Pressure Ginup is characterised by homogeneity of interests.
Ans:
Pressure Groups aim at capturing government.
Explanation :
Interest group or pressure group is an association of individuals or organizations, usually organized, on the basis of one or more shared concerns. It attempts to influence public policy in its favour. Unseating government is not their goal.
[11] Which one of the following Bills must be passed by each House of the Indian parliament separately, by special majority?
A.
Ordinary Bill
B.
Money Bill
C.
Finance Bill
D.
Constitution Amendment Bill
Ans:
Constitution Amendment Bill
Explanation :
The Constitutional amendment bill must be passed by each house of the Indian Parliament separately by special majority.
[12] The quorum for Joint Sitting of the Indian Parliament is -
A.
One- twelveth of the total number of members of the House
B.
One-sixth of the total numbers of members of the House
C.
One-tenth of the total number of members of the House
D.
Two-third of the total number of members of the House
Ans:
One-tenth of the total number of members of the House
Explanation :
The quorum to constitute a joint sitting shall be one-tenth of the total number of members of the Houses.
[13] Identify the correct sequence of passing a Budget in the Parliament -
A.
Vote on Account, Finance Bill, Appropriation Bill Discussion on Budget
B.
Finance Bill, Appropriation Bill, Discussion on Budget, Vote on Accounts
C.
Discussion on Budget, Vote on Account, Finance Bill, Appropriation Bill
D.
Discussion on Budget, Appropriation Bill, Finance Bill, Vote on Account
Ans:
Discussion on Budget, Appropriation Bill, Finance Bill, Vote on Account
Explanation :
The correct sequence is, Discussion on Budget, Appropriation Bill, Finance Bill, Vote on Account.
[14] The function of a Protem Speaker is to -
A.
conduct the proceeding of the House in the absence of the Speaker
B.
officiate as Speaker when the Speaker is to be elected
C.
swear members and hold charge till a regular Speaker is elected
D.
scrutinize the authenticity of the election certificates of members
Ans:
swear members and hold charge till a regular Speaker is elected
Explanation :
Protem Speaker performs the duties of the office of the Speaker from the commencement of the sitting of the new Lok Sabha till the election of the Speaker. Protem speaker is mainly an operating and temporary speaker.
[15] Resources transferred from the Government of India to States are termed `statutory' if they are made –
A.
in the form of loans
B.
on the recommendations of the Planning Commission
C.
on the recommendations of the Finance Commission
D.
in the form of grants
Ans:
on the recommendations of the Finance Commission
Explanation :
In an explicit recognition of vertical and horizontal imbalances, the Indian Constitution embodies enabling and mandatory provisions to address them through the transfer of resources from the Centre to the States. Statutory grants-in-aid of the revenues of States are dealt in Article 275 of the Constitution. It is done on the basis of recommendation of the Finance Commission of India. Such grants are given to bring uniform level of economic prosperity among different states. They have to bring about uniform income and services and economic integration among the states.
[16] The political party which believes in Marxism-Leninism is —
A.
Nationalist Congress Party
B.
Communist Party of India
C.
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
D.
Bahuj an Samaj Party
Ans:
Communist Party of India
Explanation :
The CPI came into existence in 1964 as a result of the division of communist party of India. It is against capitalism and believes in socialism, democracy and secularism.
[17] What provision in the Constitution enabled the Central Government to impose the service tax and to expand its span?
A.
List I, Schedule VII
B.
List III, Schedule VII
C.
Residuary Powers under Article 248
D.
Emergency Powers
Ans:
Residuary Powers under Article 248
Explanation :
Under the Residuary powers of legislation enumerated in Article 248 of the Indian Constitution, Parliament has exclusive power to make any law with respect to any matter not enumerated in the Concurrent List or State List. Such power shall include the power of making any law imposing a tax not mentioned in either of those Lists.
[18] Which of the following sets of Articles deals with `Emergency Provisions'?
A.
Articles 32 and 226
B.
Articles 350 and 351
C.
Articles 352, 356 and 360
D.
Articles 335, 336 and 337
Ans:
Articles 352, 356 and 360
Explanation :
The Emergency Provisions are mentioned from Article 352 to Article 360 of the Indian Constitution. Article 352: Proclamation of Emergency - due to external intrusion or war; Article 356: Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States; and Article 360: Provisions as to financial emergency.
[19] Which among the following legislation gives constitutional status to three-tier Panchayati Raj system?
A.
72nd constitutional amendment, 1992
B.
73rd constitutional amendment, 1993
C.
74th constitutional amendment, 1993
D.
75th constitutional amendment, 1994
Ans:
73rd constitutional amendment, 1993
Explanation :
The philosophy of Panchayat Raj is deeply steeped in tradition and culture of rural India and is by no means a new concept. Panchayati Raj provided a system of self-governance at the village level, however, it did not have a constitutional status. April 24, 1993 is a red-letter day in the history of Panchayati. Raj in India as on this day the constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992 came into force to provide constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj institutions.
[20] What is the tenure of the Chief Election Commissioner of India?
A.
Five years
B.
During the ‘pleasure’ of the President
C.
Six years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
D.
Five years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
Ans:
Six years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
Explanation :
The tenure of the Chief Election Commissioner of India is six years or till the age of 65 year whichever is earlier.
[21] Who among the following determines the authority who shall readjust the allocation of seats in the Lok Sabha to the states and division of each State into territorial constituencies?
A.
The President of India
B.
The Parliament of India
C.
The Chief Election Commissioner of India
D.
The Lok Sabha alone
Ans:
The Parliament of India
Explanation :
According to article 82 of Indian Constitution, the parliament of India shall readjust the allocation of seats in the Lok Sabha to the states and division of each state into territorial constituencies.
[22] Division of powers is the principle of –
A.
Unitary form of Government
B.
Federal form of Government
C.
Socialist form of Government
D.
Republican form of Government
Ans:
Federal form of Government
Explanation :
The separation of powers, often imprecisely used interchangeably with the trias politica principle, is a model for the governance of a state. The normal division of branches is into a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary. Division of powers is the often overlooked principle of dividing governmental power among the federal, state, and local governments.
[23] Who constitutes the Finance Commission after every five years?
A.
The Council of Ministers
B.
The Parliament
C.
The President
D.
The Comptroller and Auditor General
Ans:
The President
Explanation :
Article 280 of the Indian Constitution deals with the Finance Commission. The Finance Commission of India came into existence in 1951. It was established under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution by the President of India. It was formed to define the financial relations between the centre and the state.
[24] Members of the Union Public Service Commission can be removed by the–
A.
Parliament after a resolution adopted with 2/3rds majority
B.
President on a unani-mous recommendation from the Union Council of Ministers
C.
President on the basis of an inquiry and report by the Supreme Court
D.
President on recommendation from Central Administrative Tribunal
Ans:
President on the basis of an inquiry and report by the Supreme Court
Explanation :
Every member holds office for a term of six years or until he attains the age of sixty-five years, whichever is earlier. He can submit his resignation at any time to the President of India. He may be removed from his office by the President of India on the ground of misbehavior (only if an inquiry of such misbehavior is made and upheld by Supreme Court) or if he is adjudged insolvent, or engages during his term of office in any paid employment outside the duties of his office, or in the opinion of the President unfit to continue in office by reason of infirmity of mind or body.
[25] The Legislative Council in a State in India may be created or abolished by the-
A.
President on the recommendation of the Governor
B.
Parliament
C.
Parliament after the State Legislative Assembly passes a resolution to that effect.
D.
Governor on a recommendation by the State Cabinet
Ans:
Parliament after the State Legislative Assembly passes a resolution to that effect.
Explanation :
The Vidhan Parishad (or Legislative Council) is the upper house in those states of India that have a bicameral legislature. As of 2011, six (out of twenty-eight) states have a Legislative Council: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh. The existence of a Legislative Council has proven politically controversial. A number of states that have had their Council abolished have subsequently requested its reestablishment; conversely, proposals for the reestablishment of the Council for a state have also met with opposition. Proposals for abolition or reestablishment of a state’s Legislative Council require confirmation by the Parliament of India.
Explanation :
To render compulsory military service is not a fundamental duty of the Indian Citizens.
[2] Which one among the following pairs of level of government and legislative power is not correctly matched?
A.
Central Government : Union List
B.
Local Governments : Residuary powers
C.
State Governments : State List
D.
Central and State Government : Concurrent List
Ans:
Local Governments : Residuary powers
Explanation :
The State list contains 66 subjects of local or state importance. The state governments have the authority to make laws on these subjects. These subjects include police, local governments, trade, commerce and agriculture. Parliament has exclusive power to make any law with respect to any matter not enumerated in the Concurrent List or State List. Note: Residuary Power retained by a governmental authority after certain powers have been delegated to other authorities.
[3] Which one of the following is not a feature of Indian federalism?
A.
There is an independent judiciary in India.
B.
Powers have been clearly divided between the Centre and the States.
C.
The federating units have been given unequal representation in the Rajya Sabha.
D.
It is the result of an agreement among the federating units.
Ans:
It is the result of an agreement among the federating units.
Explanation :
Indian federation is not the result of an agreement among the states unlike the American federation. So, "D" is not the feature of Indian federalism.
[4] The Supreme Court of India acts as a Federal Court when it deals with –
A.
Civil cases
B.
Inter-State disputes
C.
Appeals from lower courts
D.
Election petitions
Ans:
Inter-State disputes
Explanation :
The Supreme Court has exclusive original jurisdiction over any dispute between the Government of India and one or more States or between the Government of India and any State or States on one side and one or more States on the other or between two or more States, if and insofar as the dispute involves any question (whether of law or of fact) on which the existence or extent of a legal right depend. In this capacity, it serves as the federal court of India.
[5] Which one of the following Chief Justices of India had the opportunity to act as President of India?
A.
Justice Mehar Chand Mahajan
B.
Justice P.B. Gajendra-gadkar
C.
Justice M. Hidayatulla
D.
Justice P. N. Bhagawati
Ans:
Justice M. Hidayatulla
Explanation :
Mohammad Hidayatullah was the eleventh Chief Justice of India, serving from February 25, 1968 to December 16, 1970, and the sixth Vice-President of India, serving from August 20, 1977 to August 20, 1982. He also served as the Acting President of India from July 20, 1969 to August 24, 1969.
[6] Which of the following is not a constitutional authority?
A.
State Election Commission
B.
State Finance Commission
C.
Zila Panchayat
D.
State Electoral Officer
Ans:
State Electoral Officer
Explanation :
State Electoral officer is not a constitutional authority.
[7] Which one among the following commissions was set up in pursuance of a definite provision under an Article of the Constitution of India?
A.
University Grants Commission
B.
National Human Rights Commission
C.
Election Commission
D.
Central Vigilance Commission
Ans:
Election Commission
Explanation :
University Grants commission, N.H.R.C. and C.V.C are non-constitutional bodies, whereas election commission is a constitutional body under Article 324.
[8] Which of the following is not an administrative function of a Village Panchayat?
A.
Providing sanitation and drainage
B.
Providing burial cremation grounds
C.
Providing college education
D.
Maintenance of roa
Ans:
Providing college education
Explanation :
Some of the functions of a Gram Panchayat are: collection of taxes like house etc; promotion of educational, health, agriculture and communication facilities; providing health and drinking water facilities whenever the village people need; produce authentic documents regarding birth, death or property details of village people; look after general welfare and immediate development of village e.g. road, fight, bazaar, community facilities, etc.
[9] Article 60 of the Indian Constitution refers to:
A.
Election of the President of India
B.
Oath of the President
C.
Impeachment of the President
D.
Vice President of India
Ans:
Oath of the President
Explanation :
Article 60 of the Indian Constitution deals with the oath of the President. It states that every President shall, before entering upon his office, make and subscribe an oath or affirmation in the presence of the Chief Justice of India or, in his absence, the senior most Judge of the Supreme Court available.
[10] Which among the following is not true about Pressure Groups?
A.
Pressure Groups aim at capturing government.
B.
Pressure Groups aim at influencing the policies of the government.
C.
Pressure Groups articulates the interest of its group
D.
Pressure Ginup is characterised by homogeneity of interests.
Ans:
Pressure Groups aim at capturing government.
Explanation :
Interest group or pressure group is an association of individuals or organizations, usually organized, on the basis of one or more shared concerns. It attempts to influence public policy in its favour. Unseating government is not their goal.
[11] Which one of the following Bills must be passed by each House of the Indian parliament separately, by special majority?
A.
Ordinary Bill
B.
Money Bill
C.
Finance Bill
D.
Constitution Amendment Bill
Ans:
Constitution Amendment Bill
Explanation :
The Constitutional amendment bill must be passed by each house of the Indian Parliament separately by special majority.
[12] The quorum for Joint Sitting of the Indian Parliament is -
A.
One- twelveth of the total number of members of the House
B.
One-sixth of the total numbers of members of the House
C.
One-tenth of the total number of members of the House
D.
Two-third of the total number of members of the House
Ans:
One-tenth of the total number of members of the House
Explanation :
The quorum to constitute a joint sitting shall be one-tenth of the total number of members of the Houses.
[13] Identify the correct sequence of passing a Budget in the Parliament -
A.
Vote on Account, Finance Bill, Appropriation Bill Discussion on Budget
B.
Finance Bill, Appropriation Bill, Discussion on Budget, Vote on Accounts
C.
Discussion on Budget, Vote on Account, Finance Bill, Appropriation Bill
D.
Discussion on Budget, Appropriation Bill, Finance Bill, Vote on Account
Ans:
Discussion on Budget, Appropriation Bill, Finance Bill, Vote on Account
Explanation :
The correct sequence is, Discussion on Budget, Appropriation Bill, Finance Bill, Vote on Account.
[14] The function of a Protem Speaker is to -
A.
conduct the proceeding of the House in the absence of the Speaker
B.
officiate as Speaker when the Speaker is to be elected
C.
swear members and hold charge till a regular Speaker is elected
D.
scrutinize the authenticity of the election certificates of members
Ans:
swear members and hold charge till a regular Speaker is elected
Explanation :
Protem Speaker performs the duties of the office of the Speaker from the commencement of the sitting of the new Lok Sabha till the election of the Speaker. Protem speaker is mainly an operating and temporary speaker.
[15] Resources transferred from the Government of India to States are termed `statutory' if they are made –
A.
in the form of loans
B.
on the recommendations of the Planning Commission
C.
on the recommendations of the Finance Commission
D.
in the form of grants
Ans:
on the recommendations of the Finance Commission
Explanation :
In an explicit recognition of vertical and horizontal imbalances, the Indian Constitution embodies enabling and mandatory provisions to address them through the transfer of resources from the Centre to the States. Statutory grants-in-aid of the revenues of States are dealt in Article 275 of the Constitution. It is done on the basis of recommendation of the Finance Commission of India. Such grants are given to bring uniform level of economic prosperity among different states. They have to bring about uniform income and services and economic integration among the states.
[16] The political party which believes in Marxism-Leninism is —
A.
Nationalist Congress Party
B.
Communist Party of India
C.
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
D.
Bahuj an Samaj Party
Ans:
Communist Party of India
Explanation :
The CPI came into existence in 1964 as a result of the division of communist party of India. It is against capitalism and believes in socialism, democracy and secularism.
[17] What provision in the Constitution enabled the Central Government to impose the service tax and to expand its span?
A.
List I, Schedule VII
B.
List III, Schedule VII
C.
Residuary Powers under Article 248
D.
Emergency Powers
Ans:
Residuary Powers under Article 248
Explanation :
Under the Residuary powers of legislation enumerated in Article 248 of the Indian Constitution, Parliament has exclusive power to make any law with respect to any matter not enumerated in the Concurrent List or State List. Such power shall include the power of making any law imposing a tax not mentioned in either of those Lists.
[18] Which of the following sets of Articles deals with `Emergency Provisions'?
A.
Articles 32 and 226
B.
Articles 350 and 351
C.
Articles 352, 356 and 360
D.
Articles 335, 336 and 337
Ans:
Articles 352, 356 and 360
Explanation :
The Emergency Provisions are mentioned from Article 352 to Article 360 of the Indian Constitution. Article 352: Proclamation of Emergency - due to external intrusion or war; Article 356: Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States; and Article 360: Provisions as to financial emergency.
[19] Which among the following legislation gives constitutional status to three-tier Panchayati Raj system?
A.
72nd constitutional amendment, 1992
B.
73rd constitutional amendment, 1993
C.
74th constitutional amendment, 1993
D.
75th constitutional amendment, 1994
Ans:
73rd constitutional amendment, 1993
Explanation :
The philosophy of Panchayat Raj is deeply steeped in tradition and culture of rural India and is by no means a new concept. Panchayati Raj provided a system of self-governance at the village level, however, it did not have a constitutional status. April 24, 1993 is a red-letter day in the history of Panchayati. Raj in India as on this day the constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992 came into force to provide constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj institutions.
[20] What is the tenure of the Chief Election Commissioner of India?
A.
Five years
B.
During the ‘pleasure’ of the President
C.
Six years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
D.
Five years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
Ans:
Six years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
Explanation :
The tenure of the Chief Election Commissioner of India is six years or till the age of 65 year whichever is earlier.
[21] Who among the following determines the authority who shall readjust the allocation of seats in the Lok Sabha to the states and division of each State into territorial constituencies?
A.
The President of India
B.
The Parliament of India
C.
The Chief Election Commissioner of India
D.
The Lok Sabha alone
Ans:
The Parliament of India
Explanation :
According to article 82 of Indian Constitution, the parliament of India shall readjust the allocation of seats in the Lok Sabha to the states and division of each state into territorial constituencies.
[22] Division of powers is the principle of –
A.
Unitary form of Government
B.
Federal form of Government
C.
Socialist form of Government
D.
Republican form of Government
Ans:
Federal form of Government
Explanation :
The separation of powers, often imprecisely used interchangeably with the trias politica principle, is a model for the governance of a state. The normal division of branches is into a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary. Division of powers is the often overlooked principle of dividing governmental power among the federal, state, and local governments.
[23] Who constitutes the Finance Commission after every five years?
A.
The Council of Ministers
B.
The Parliament
C.
The President
D.
The Comptroller and Auditor General
Ans:
The President
Explanation :
Article 280 of the Indian Constitution deals with the Finance Commission. The Finance Commission of India came into existence in 1951. It was established under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution by the President of India. It was formed to define the financial relations between the centre and the state.
[24] Members of the Union Public Service Commission can be removed by the–
A.
Parliament after a resolution adopted with 2/3rds majority
B.
President on a unani-mous recommendation from the Union Council of Ministers
C.
President on the basis of an inquiry and report by the Supreme Court
D.
President on recommendation from Central Administrative Tribunal
Ans:
President on the basis of an inquiry and report by the Supreme Court
Explanation :
Every member holds office for a term of six years or until he attains the age of sixty-five years, whichever is earlier. He can submit his resignation at any time to the President of India. He may be removed from his office by the President of India on the ground of misbehavior (only if an inquiry of such misbehavior is made and upheld by Supreme Court) or if he is adjudged insolvent, or engages during his term of office in any paid employment outside the duties of his office, or in the opinion of the President unfit to continue in office by reason of infirmity of mind or body.
[25] The Legislative Council in a State in India may be created or abolished by the-
A.
President on the recommendation of the Governor
B.
Parliament
C.
Parliament after the State Legislative Assembly passes a resolution to that effect.
D.
Governor on a recommendation by the State Cabinet
Ans:
Parliament after the State Legislative Assembly passes a resolution to that effect.
Explanation :
The Vidhan Parishad (or Legislative Council) is the upper house in those states of India that have a bicameral legislature. As of 2011, six (out of twenty-eight) states have a Legislative Council: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh. The existence of a Legislative Council has proven politically controversial. A number of states that have had their Council abolished have subsequently requested its reestablishment; conversely, proposals for the reestablishment of the Council for a state have also met with opposition. Proposals for abolition or reestablishment of a state’s Legislative Council require confirmation by the Parliament of India.
Explanation :
Indian federation is not the result of an agreement among the states unlike the American federation. So, "D" is not the feature of Indian federalism.
[4] The Supreme Court of India acts as a Federal Court when it deals with –
A.
Civil cases
B.
Inter-State disputes
C.
Appeals from lower courts
D.
Election petitions
Ans:
Inter-State disputes
Explanation :
The Supreme Court has exclusive original jurisdiction over any dispute between the Government of India and one or more States or between the Government of India and any State or States on one side and one or more States on the other or between two or more States, if and insofar as the dispute involves any question (whether of law or of fact) on which the existence or extent of a legal right depend. In this capacity, it serves as the federal court of India.
[5] Which one of the following Chief Justices of India had the opportunity to act as President of India?
A.
Justice Mehar Chand Mahajan
B.
Justice P.B. Gajendra-gadkar
C.
Justice M. Hidayatulla
D.
Justice P. N. Bhagawati
Ans:
Justice M. Hidayatulla
Explanation :
Mohammad Hidayatullah was the eleventh Chief Justice of India, serving from February 25, 1968 to December 16, 1970, and the sixth Vice-President of India, serving from August 20, 1977 to August 20, 1982. He also served as the Acting President of India from July 20, 1969 to August 24, 1969.
[6] Which of the following is not a constitutional authority?
A.
State Election Commission
B.
State Finance Commission
C.
Zila Panchayat
D.
State Electoral Officer
Ans:
State Electoral Officer
Explanation :
State Electoral officer is not a constitutional authority.
[7] Which one among the following commissions was set up in pursuance of a definite provision under an Article of the Constitution of India?
A.
University Grants Commission
B.
National Human Rights Commission
C.
Election Commission
D.
Central Vigilance Commission
Ans:
Election Commission
Explanation :
University Grants commission, N.H.R.C. and C.V.C are non-constitutional bodies, whereas election commission is a constitutional body under Article 324.
[8] Which of the following is not an administrative function of a Village Panchayat?
A.
Providing sanitation and drainage
B.
Providing burial cremation grounds
C.
Providing college education
D.
Maintenance of roa
Ans:
Providing college education
Explanation :
Some of the functions of a Gram Panchayat are: collection of taxes like house etc; promotion of educational, health, agriculture and communication facilities; providing health and drinking water facilities whenever the village people need; produce authentic documents regarding birth, death or property details of village people; look after general welfare and immediate development of village e.g. road, fight, bazaar, community facilities, etc.
[9] Article 60 of the Indian Constitution refers to:
A.
Election of the President of India
B.
Oath of the President
C.
Impeachment of the President
D.
Vice President of India
Ans:
Oath of the President
Explanation :
Article 60 of the Indian Constitution deals with the oath of the President. It states that every President shall, before entering upon his office, make and subscribe an oath or affirmation in the presence of the Chief Justice of India or, in his absence, the senior most Judge of the Supreme Court available.
[10] Which among the following is not true about Pressure Groups?
A.
Pressure Groups aim at capturing government.
B.
Pressure Groups aim at influencing the policies of the government.
C.
Pressure Groups articulates the interest of its group
D.
Pressure Ginup is characterised by homogeneity of interests.
Ans:
Pressure Groups aim at capturing government.
Explanation :
Interest group or pressure group is an association of individuals or organizations, usually organized, on the basis of one or more shared concerns. It attempts to influence public policy in its favour. Unseating government is not their goal.
[11] Which one of the following Bills must be passed by each House of the Indian parliament separately, by special majority?
A.
Ordinary Bill
B.
Money Bill
C.
Finance Bill
D.
Constitution Amendment Bill
Ans:
Constitution Amendment Bill
Explanation :
The Constitutional amendment bill must be passed by each house of the Indian Parliament separately by special majority.
[12] The quorum for Joint Sitting of the Indian Parliament is -
A.
One- twelveth of the total number of members of the House
B.
One-sixth of the total numbers of members of the House
C.
One-tenth of the total number of members of the House
D.
Two-third of the total number of members of the House
Ans:
One-tenth of the total number of members of the House
Explanation :
The quorum to constitute a joint sitting shall be one-tenth of the total number of members of the Houses.
[13] Identify the correct sequence of passing a Budget in the Parliament -
A.
Vote on Account, Finance Bill, Appropriation Bill Discussion on Budget
B.
Finance Bill, Appropriation Bill, Discussion on Budget, Vote on Accounts
C.
Discussion on Budget, Vote on Account, Finance Bill, Appropriation Bill
D.
Discussion on Budget, Appropriation Bill, Finance Bill, Vote on Account
Ans:
Discussion on Budget, Appropriation Bill, Finance Bill, Vote on Account
Explanation :
The correct sequence is, Discussion on Budget, Appropriation Bill, Finance Bill, Vote on Account.
[14] The function of a Protem Speaker is to -
A.
conduct the proceeding of the House in the absence of the Speaker
B.
officiate as Speaker when the Speaker is to be elected
C.
swear members and hold charge till a regular Speaker is elected
D.
scrutinize the authenticity of the election certificates of members
Ans:
swear members and hold charge till a regular Speaker is elected
Explanation :
Protem Speaker performs the duties of the office of the Speaker from the commencement of the sitting of the new Lok Sabha till the election of the Speaker. Protem speaker is mainly an operating and temporary speaker.
[15] Resources transferred from the Government of India to States are termed `statutory' if they are made –
A.
in the form of loans
B.
on the recommendations of the Planning Commission
C.
on the recommendations of the Finance Commission
D.
in the form of grants
Ans:
on the recommendations of the Finance Commission
Explanation :
In an explicit recognition of vertical and horizontal imbalances, the Indian Constitution embodies enabling and mandatory provisions to address them through the transfer of resources from the Centre to the States. Statutory grants-in-aid of the revenues of States are dealt in Article 275 of the Constitution. It is done on the basis of recommendation of the Finance Commission of India. Such grants are given to bring uniform level of economic prosperity among different states. They have to bring about uniform income and services and economic integration among the states.
[16] The political party which believes in Marxism-Leninism is —
A.
Nationalist Congress Party
B.
Communist Party of India
C.
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
D.
Bahuj an Samaj Party
Ans:
Communist Party of India
Explanation :
The CPI came into existence in 1964 as a result of the division of communist party of India. It is against capitalism and believes in socialism, democracy and secularism.
[17] What provision in the Constitution enabled the Central Government to impose the service tax and to expand its span?
A.
List I, Schedule VII
B.
List III, Schedule VII
C.
Residuary Powers under Article 248
D.
Emergency Powers
Ans:
Residuary Powers under Article 248
Explanation :
Under the Residuary powers of legislation enumerated in Article 248 of the Indian Constitution, Parliament has exclusive power to make any law with respect to any matter not enumerated in the Concurrent List or State List. Such power shall include the power of making any law imposing a tax not mentioned in either of those Lists.
[18] Which of the following sets of Articles deals with `Emergency Provisions'?
A.
Articles 32 and 226
B.
Articles 350 and 351
C.
Articles 352, 356 and 360
D.
Articles 335, 336 and 337
Ans:
Articles 352, 356 and 360
Explanation :
The Emergency Provisions are mentioned from Article 352 to Article 360 of the Indian Constitution. Article 352: Proclamation of Emergency - due to external intrusion or war; Article 356: Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States; and Article 360: Provisions as to financial emergency.
[19] Which among the following legislation gives constitutional status to three-tier Panchayati Raj system?
A.
72nd constitutional amendment, 1992
B.
73rd constitutional amendment, 1993
C.
74th constitutional amendment, 1993
D.
75th constitutional amendment, 1994
Ans:
73rd constitutional amendment, 1993
Explanation :
The philosophy of Panchayat Raj is deeply steeped in tradition and culture of rural India and is by no means a new concept. Panchayati Raj provided a system of self-governance at the village level, however, it did not have a constitutional status. April 24, 1993 is a red-letter day in the history of Panchayati. Raj in India as on this day the constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992 came into force to provide constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj institutions.
[20] What is the tenure of the Chief Election Commissioner of India?
A.
Five years
B.
During the ‘pleasure’ of the President
C.
Six years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
D.
Five years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
Ans:
Six years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
Explanation :
The tenure of the Chief Election Commissioner of India is six years or till the age of 65 year whichever is earlier.
[21] Who among the following determines the authority who shall readjust the allocation of seats in the Lok Sabha to the states and division of each State into territorial constituencies?
A.
The President of India
B.
The Parliament of India
C.
The Chief Election Commissioner of India
D.
The Lok Sabha alone
Ans:
The Parliament of India
Explanation :
According to article 82 of Indian Constitution, the parliament of India shall readjust the allocation of seats in the Lok Sabha to the states and division of each state into territorial constituencies.
[22] Division of powers is the principle of –
A.
Unitary form of Government
B.
Federal form of Government
C.
Socialist form of Government
D.
Republican form of Government
Ans:
Federal form of Government
Explanation :
The separation of powers, often imprecisely used interchangeably with the trias politica principle, is a model for the governance of a state. The normal division of branches is into a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary. Division of powers is the often overlooked principle of dividing governmental power among the federal, state, and local governments.
[23] Who constitutes the Finance Commission after every five years?
A.
The Council of Ministers
B.
The Parliament
C.
The President
D.
The Comptroller and Auditor General
Ans:
The President
Explanation :
Article 280 of the Indian Constitution deals with the Finance Commission. The Finance Commission of India came into existence in 1951. It was established under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution by the President of India. It was formed to define the financial relations between the centre and the state.
[24] Members of the Union Public Service Commission can be removed by the–
A.
Parliament after a resolution adopted with 2/3rds majority
B.
President on a unani-mous recommendation from the Union Council of Ministers
C.
President on the basis of an inquiry and report by the Supreme Court
D.
President on recommendation from Central Administrative Tribunal
Ans:
President on the basis of an inquiry and report by the Supreme Court
Explanation :
Every member holds office for a term of six years or until he attains the age of sixty-five years, whichever is earlier. He can submit his resignation at any time to the President of India. He may be removed from his office by the President of India on the ground of misbehavior (only if an inquiry of such misbehavior is made and upheld by Supreme Court) or if he is adjudged insolvent, or engages during his term of office in any paid employment outside the duties of his office, or in the opinion of the President unfit to continue in office by reason of infirmity of mind or body.
[25] The Legislative Council in a State in India may be created or abolished by the-
A.
President on the recommendation of the Governor
B.
Parliament
C.
Parliament after the State Legislative Assembly passes a resolution to that effect.
D.
Governor on a recommendation by the State Cabinet
Ans:
Parliament after the State Legislative Assembly passes a resolution to that effect.
Explanation :
The Vidhan Parishad (or Legislative Council) is the upper house in those states of India that have a bicameral legislature. As of 2011, six (out of twenty-eight) states have a Legislative Council: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh. The existence of a Legislative Council has proven politically controversial. A number of states that have had their Council abolished have subsequently requested its reestablishment; conversely, proposals for the reestablishment of the Council for a state have also met with opposition. Proposals for abolition or reestablishment of a state’s Legislative Council require confirmation by the Parliament of India.
Explanation :
Mohammad Hidayatullah was the eleventh Chief Justice of India, serving from February 25, 1968 to December 16, 1970, and the sixth Vice-President of India, serving from August 20, 1977 to August 20, 1982. He also served as the Acting President of India from July 20, 1969 to August 24, 1969.
[6] Which of the following is not a constitutional authority?
A.
State Election Commission
B.
State Finance Commission
C.
Zila Panchayat
D.
State Electoral Officer
Ans:
State Electoral Officer
Explanation :
State Electoral officer is not a constitutional authority.
[7] Which one among the following commissions was set up in pursuance of a definite provision under an Article of the Constitution of India?
A.
University Grants Commission
B.
National Human Rights Commission
C.
Election Commission
D.
Central Vigilance Commission
Ans:
Election Commission
Explanation :
University Grants commission, N.H.R.C. and C.V.C are non-constitutional bodies, whereas election commission is a constitutional body under Article 324.
[8] Which of the following is not an administrative function of a Village Panchayat?
A.
Providing sanitation and drainage
B.
Providing burial cremation grounds
C.
Providing college education
D.
Maintenance of roa
Ans:
Providing college education
Explanation :
Some of the functions of a Gram Panchayat are: collection of taxes like house etc; promotion of educational, health, agriculture and communication facilities; providing health and drinking water facilities whenever the village people need; produce authentic documents regarding birth, death or property details of village people; look after general welfare and immediate development of village e.g. road, fight, bazaar, community facilities, etc.
[9] Article 60 of the Indian Constitution refers to:
A.
Election of the President of India
B.
Oath of the President
C.
Impeachment of the President
D.
Vice President of India
Ans:
Oath of the President
Explanation :
Article 60 of the Indian Constitution deals with the oath of the President. It states that every President shall, before entering upon his office, make and subscribe an oath or affirmation in the presence of the Chief Justice of India or, in his absence, the senior most Judge of the Supreme Court available.
[10] Which among the following is not true about Pressure Groups?
A.
Pressure Groups aim at capturing government.
B.
Pressure Groups aim at influencing the policies of the government.
C.
Pressure Groups articulates the interest of its group
D.
Pressure Ginup is characterised by homogeneity of interests.
Ans:
Pressure Groups aim at capturing government.
Explanation :
Interest group or pressure group is an association of individuals or organizations, usually organized, on the basis of one or more shared concerns. It attempts to influence public policy in its favour. Unseating government is not their goal.
[11] Which one of the following Bills must be passed by each House of the Indian parliament separately, by special majority?
A.
Ordinary Bill
B.
Money Bill
C.
Finance Bill
D.
Constitution Amendment Bill
Ans:
Constitution Amendment Bill
Explanation :
The Constitutional amendment bill must be passed by each house of the Indian Parliament separately by special majority.
[12] The quorum for Joint Sitting of the Indian Parliament is -
A.
One- twelveth of the total number of members of the House
B.
One-sixth of the total numbers of members of the House
C.
One-tenth of the total number of members of the House
D.
Two-third of the total number of members of the House
Ans:
One-tenth of the total number of members of the House
Explanation :
The quorum to constitute a joint sitting shall be one-tenth of the total number of members of the Houses.
[13] Identify the correct sequence of passing a Budget in the Parliament -
A.
Vote on Account, Finance Bill, Appropriation Bill Discussion on Budget
B.
Finance Bill, Appropriation Bill, Discussion on Budget, Vote on Accounts
C.
Discussion on Budget, Vote on Account, Finance Bill, Appropriation Bill
D.
Discussion on Budget, Appropriation Bill, Finance Bill, Vote on Account
Ans:
Discussion on Budget, Appropriation Bill, Finance Bill, Vote on Account
Explanation :
The correct sequence is, Discussion on Budget, Appropriation Bill, Finance Bill, Vote on Account.
[14] The function of a Protem Speaker is to -
A.
conduct the proceeding of the House in the absence of the Speaker
B.
officiate as Speaker when the Speaker is to be elected
C.
swear members and hold charge till a regular Speaker is elected
D.
scrutinize the authenticity of the election certificates of members
Ans:
swear members and hold charge till a regular Speaker is elected
Explanation :
Protem Speaker performs the duties of the office of the Speaker from the commencement of the sitting of the new Lok Sabha till the election of the Speaker. Protem speaker is mainly an operating and temporary speaker.
[15] Resources transferred from the Government of India to States are termed `statutory' if they are made –
A.
in the form of loans
B.
on the recommendations of the Planning Commission
C.
on the recommendations of the Finance Commission
D.
in the form of grants
Ans:
on the recommendations of the Finance Commission
Explanation :
In an explicit recognition of vertical and horizontal imbalances, the Indian Constitution embodies enabling and mandatory provisions to address them through the transfer of resources from the Centre to the States. Statutory grants-in-aid of the revenues of States are dealt in Article 275 of the Constitution. It is done on the basis of recommendation of the Finance Commission of India. Such grants are given to bring uniform level of economic prosperity among different states. They have to bring about uniform income and services and economic integration among the states.
[16] The political party which believes in Marxism-Leninism is —
A.
Nationalist Congress Party
B.
Communist Party of India
C.
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
D.
Bahuj an Samaj Party
Ans:
Communist Party of India
Explanation :
The CPI came into existence in 1964 as a result of the division of communist party of India. It is against capitalism and believes in socialism, democracy and secularism.
[17] What provision in the Constitution enabled the Central Government to impose the service tax and to expand its span?
A.
List I, Schedule VII
B.
List III, Schedule VII
C.
Residuary Powers under Article 248
D.
Emergency Powers
Ans:
Residuary Powers under Article 248
Explanation :
Under the Residuary powers of legislation enumerated in Article 248 of the Indian Constitution, Parliament has exclusive power to make any law with respect to any matter not enumerated in the Concurrent List or State List. Such power shall include the power of making any law imposing a tax not mentioned in either of those Lists.
[18] Which of the following sets of Articles deals with `Emergency Provisions'?
A.
Articles 32 and 226
B.
Articles 350 and 351
C.
Articles 352, 356 and 360
D.
Articles 335, 336 and 337
Ans:
Articles 352, 356 and 360
Explanation :
The Emergency Provisions are mentioned from Article 352 to Article 360 of the Indian Constitution. Article 352: Proclamation of Emergency - due to external intrusion or war; Article 356: Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States; and Article 360: Provisions as to financial emergency.
[19] Which among the following legislation gives constitutional status to three-tier Panchayati Raj system?
A.
72nd constitutional amendment, 1992
B.
73rd constitutional amendment, 1993
C.
74th constitutional amendment, 1993
D.
75th constitutional amendment, 1994
Ans:
73rd constitutional amendment, 1993
Explanation :
The philosophy of Panchayat Raj is deeply steeped in tradition and culture of rural India and is by no means a new concept. Panchayati Raj provided a system of self-governance at the village level, however, it did not have a constitutional status. April 24, 1993 is a red-letter day in the history of Panchayati. Raj in India as on this day the constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992 came into force to provide constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj institutions.
[20] What is the tenure of the Chief Election Commissioner of India?
A.
Five years
B.
During the ‘pleasure’ of the President
C.
Six years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
D.
Five years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
Ans:
Six years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
Explanation :
The tenure of the Chief Election Commissioner of India is six years or till the age of 65 year whichever is earlier.
[21] Who among the following determines the authority who shall readjust the allocation of seats in the Lok Sabha to the states and division of each State into territorial constituencies?
A.
The President of India
B.
The Parliament of India
C.
The Chief Election Commissioner of India
D.
The Lok Sabha alone
Ans:
The Parliament of India
Explanation :
According to article 82 of Indian Constitution, the parliament of India shall readjust the allocation of seats in the Lok Sabha to the states and division of each state into territorial constituencies.
[22] Division of powers is the principle of –
A.
Unitary form of Government
B.
Federal form of Government
C.
Socialist form of Government
D.
Republican form of Government
Ans:
Federal form of Government
Explanation :
The separation of powers, often imprecisely used interchangeably with the trias politica principle, is a model for the governance of a state. The normal division of branches is into a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary. Division of powers is the often overlooked principle of dividing governmental power among the federal, state, and local governments.
[23] Who constitutes the Finance Commission after every five years?
A.
The Council of Ministers
B.
The Parliament
C.
The President
D.
The Comptroller and Auditor General
Ans:
The President
Explanation :
Article 280 of the Indian Constitution deals with the Finance Commission. The Finance Commission of India came into existence in 1951. It was established under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution by the President of India. It was formed to define the financial relations between the centre and the state.
[24] Members of the Union Public Service Commission can be removed by the–
A.
Parliament after a resolution adopted with 2/3rds majority
B.
President on a unani-mous recommendation from the Union Council of Ministers
C.
President on the basis of an inquiry and report by the Supreme Court
D.
President on recommendation from Central Administrative Tribunal
Ans:
President on the basis of an inquiry and report by the Supreme Court
Explanation :
Every member holds office for a term of six years or until he attains the age of sixty-five years, whichever is earlier. He can submit his resignation at any time to the President of India. He may be removed from his office by the President of India on the ground of misbehavior (only if an inquiry of such misbehavior is made and upheld by Supreme Court) or if he is adjudged insolvent, or engages during his term of office in any paid employment outside the duties of his office, or in the opinion of the President unfit to continue in office by reason of infirmity of mind or body.
[25] The Legislative Council in a State in India may be created or abolished by the-
A.
President on the recommendation of the Governor
B.
Parliament
C.
Parliament after the State Legislative Assembly passes a resolution to that effect.
D.
Governor on a recommendation by the State Cabinet
Ans:
Parliament after the State Legislative Assembly passes a resolution to that effect.
Explanation :
The Vidhan Parishad (or Legislative Council) is the upper house in those states of India that have a bicameral legislature. As of 2011, six (out of twenty-eight) states have a Legislative Council: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh. The existence of a Legislative Council has proven politically controversial. A number of states that have had their Council abolished have subsequently requested its reestablishment; conversely, proposals for the reestablishment of the Council for a state have also met with opposition. Proposals for abolition or reestablishment of a state’s Legislative Council require confirmation by the Parliament of India.
Explanation :
University Grants commission, N.H.R.C. and C.V.C are non-constitutional bodies, whereas election commission is a constitutional body under Article 324.
[8] Which of the following is not an administrative function of a Village Panchayat?
A.
Providing sanitation and drainage
B.
Providing burial cremation grounds
C.
Providing college education
D.
Maintenance of roa
Ans:
Providing college education
Explanation :
Some of the functions of a Gram Panchayat are: collection of taxes like house etc; promotion of educational, health, agriculture and communication facilities; providing health and drinking water facilities whenever the village people need; produce authentic documents regarding birth, death or property details of village people; look after general welfare and immediate development of village e.g. road, fight, bazaar, community facilities, etc.
[9] Article 60 of the Indian Constitution refers to:
A.
Election of the President of India
B.
Oath of the President
C.
Impeachment of the President
D.
Vice President of India
Ans:
Oath of the President
Explanation :
Article 60 of the Indian Constitution deals with the oath of the President. It states that every President shall, before entering upon his office, make and subscribe an oath or affirmation in the presence of the Chief Justice of India or, in his absence, the senior most Judge of the Supreme Court available.
[10] Which among the following is not true about Pressure Groups?
A.
Pressure Groups aim at capturing government.
B.
Pressure Groups aim at influencing the policies of the government.
C.
Pressure Groups articulates the interest of its group
D.
Pressure Ginup is characterised by homogeneity of interests.
Ans:
Pressure Groups aim at capturing government.
Explanation :
Interest group or pressure group is an association of individuals or organizations, usually organized, on the basis of one or more shared concerns. It attempts to influence public policy in its favour. Unseating government is not their goal.
[11] Which one of the following Bills must be passed by each House of the Indian parliament separately, by special majority?
A.
Ordinary Bill
B.
Money Bill
C.
Finance Bill
D.
Constitution Amendment Bill
Ans:
Constitution Amendment Bill
Explanation :
The Constitutional amendment bill must be passed by each house of the Indian Parliament separately by special majority.
[12] The quorum for Joint Sitting of the Indian Parliament is -
A.
One- twelveth of the total number of members of the House
B.
One-sixth of the total numbers of members of the House
C.
One-tenth of the total number of members of the House
D.
Two-third of the total number of members of the House
Ans:
One-tenth of the total number of members of the House
Explanation :
The quorum to constitute a joint sitting shall be one-tenth of the total number of members of the Houses.
[13] Identify the correct sequence of passing a Budget in the Parliament -
A.
Vote on Account, Finance Bill, Appropriation Bill Discussion on Budget
B.
Finance Bill, Appropriation Bill, Discussion on Budget, Vote on Accounts
C.
Discussion on Budget, Vote on Account, Finance Bill, Appropriation Bill
D.
Discussion on Budget, Appropriation Bill, Finance Bill, Vote on Account
Ans:
Discussion on Budget, Appropriation Bill, Finance Bill, Vote on Account
Explanation :
The correct sequence is, Discussion on Budget, Appropriation Bill, Finance Bill, Vote on Account.
[14] The function of a Protem Speaker is to -
A.
conduct the proceeding of the House in the absence of the Speaker
B.
officiate as Speaker when the Speaker is to be elected
C.
swear members and hold charge till a regular Speaker is elected
D.
scrutinize the authenticity of the election certificates of members
Ans:
swear members and hold charge till a regular Speaker is elected
Explanation :
Protem Speaker performs the duties of the office of the Speaker from the commencement of the sitting of the new Lok Sabha till the election of the Speaker. Protem speaker is mainly an operating and temporary speaker.
[15] Resources transferred from the Government of India to States are termed `statutory' if they are made –
A.
in the form of loans
B.
on the recommendations of the Planning Commission
C.
on the recommendations of the Finance Commission
D.
in the form of grants
Ans:
on the recommendations of the Finance Commission
Explanation :
In an explicit recognition of vertical and horizontal imbalances, the Indian Constitution embodies enabling and mandatory provisions to address them through the transfer of resources from the Centre to the States. Statutory grants-in-aid of the revenues of States are dealt in Article 275 of the Constitution. It is done on the basis of recommendation of the Finance Commission of India. Such grants are given to bring uniform level of economic prosperity among different states. They have to bring about uniform income and services and economic integration among the states.
[16] The political party which believes in Marxism-Leninism is —
A.
Nationalist Congress Party
B.
Communist Party of India
C.
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
D.
Bahuj an Samaj Party
Ans:
Communist Party of India
Explanation :
The CPI came into existence in 1964 as a result of the division of communist party of India. It is against capitalism and believes in socialism, democracy and secularism.
[17] What provision in the Constitution enabled the Central Government to impose the service tax and to expand its span?
A.
List I, Schedule VII
B.
List III, Schedule VII
C.
Residuary Powers under Article 248
D.
Emergency Powers
Ans:
Residuary Powers under Article 248
Explanation :
Under the Residuary powers of legislation enumerated in Article 248 of the Indian Constitution, Parliament has exclusive power to make any law with respect to any matter not enumerated in the Concurrent List or State List. Such power shall include the power of making any law imposing a tax not mentioned in either of those Lists.
[18] Which of the following sets of Articles deals with `Emergency Provisions'?
A.
Articles 32 and 226
B.
Articles 350 and 351
C.
Articles 352, 356 and 360
D.
Articles 335, 336 and 337
Ans:
Articles 352, 356 and 360
Explanation :
The Emergency Provisions are mentioned from Article 352 to Article 360 of the Indian Constitution. Article 352: Proclamation of Emergency - due to external intrusion or war; Article 356: Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States; and Article 360: Provisions as to financial emergency.
[19] Which among the following legislation gives constitutional status to three-tier Panchayati Raj system?
A.
72nd constitutional amendment, 1992
B.
73rd constitutional amendment, 1993
C.
74th constitutional amendment, 1993
D.
75th constitutional amendment, 1994
Ans:
73rd constitutional amendment, 1993
Explanation :
The philosophy of Panchayat Raj is deeply steeped in tradition and culture of rural India and is by no means a new concept. Panchayati Raj provided a system of self-governance at the village level, however, it did not have a constitutional status. April 24, 1993 is a red-letter day in the history of Panchayati. Raj in India as on this day the constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992 came into force to provide constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj institutions.
[20] What is the tenure of the Chief Election Commissioner of India?
A.
Five years
B.
During the ‘pleasure’ of the President
C.
Six years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
D.
Five years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
Ans:
Six years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
Explanation :
The tenure of the Chief Election Commissioner of India is six years or till the age of 65 year whichever is earlier.
[21] Who among the following determines the authority who shall readjust the allocation of seats in the Lok Sabha to the states and division of each State into territorial constituencies?
A.
The President of India
B.
The Parliament of India
C.
The Chief Election Commissioner of India
D.
The Lok Sabha alone
Ans:
The Parliament of India
Explanation :
According to article 82 of Indian Constitution, the parliament of India shall readjust the allocation of seats in the Lok Sabha to the states and division of each state into territorial constituencies.
[22] Division of powers is the principle of –
A.
Unitary form of Government
B.
Federal form of Government
C.
Socialist form of Government
D.
Republican form of Government
Ans:
Federal form of Government
Explanation :
The separation of powers, often imprecisely used interchangeably with the trias politica principle, is a model for the governance of a state. The normal division of branches is into a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary. Division of powers is the often overlooked principle of dividing governmental power among the federal, state, and local governments.
[23] Who constitutes the Finance Commission after every five years?
A.
The Council of Ministers
B.
The Parliament
C.
The President
D.
The Comptroller and Auditor General
Ans:
The President
Explanation :
Article 280 of the Indian Constitution deals with the Finance Commission. The Finance Commission of India came into existence in 1951. It was established under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution by the President of India. It was formed to define the financial relations between the centre and the state.
[24] Members of the Union Public Service Commission can be removed by the–
A.
Parliament after a resolution adopted with 2/3rds majority
B.
President on a unani-mous recommendation from the Union Council of Ministers
C.
President on the basis of an inquiry and report by the Supreme Court
D.
President on recommendation from Central Administrative Tribunal
Ans:
President on the basis of an inquiry and report by the Supreme Court
Explanation :
Every member holds office for a term of six years or until he attains the age of sixty-five years, whichever is earlier. He can submit his resignation at any time to the President of India. He may be removed from his office by the President of India on the ground of misbehavior (only if an inquiry of such misbehavior is made and upheld by Supreme Court) or if he is adjudged insolvent, or engages during his term of office in any paid employment outside the duties of his office, or in the opinion of the President unfit to continue in office by reason of infirmity of mind or body.
[25] The Legislative Council in a State in India may be created or abolished by the-
A.
President on the recommendation of the Governor
B.
Parliament
C.
Parliament after the State Legislative Assembly passes a resolution to that effect.
D.
Governor on a recommendation by the State Cabinet
Ans:
Parliament after the State Legislative Assembly passes a resolution to that effect.
Explanation :
The Vidhan Parishad (or Legislative Council) is the upper house in those states of India that have a bicameral legislature. As of 2011, six (out of twenty-eight) states have a Legislative Council: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh. The existence of a Legislative Council has proven politically controversial. A number of states that have had their Council abolished have subsequently requested its reestablishment; conversely, proposals for the reestablishment of the Council for a state have also met with opposition. Proposals for abolition or reestablishment of a state’s Legislative Council require confirmation by the Parliament of India.
Explanation :
Article 60 of the Indian Constitution deals with the oath of the President. It states that every President shall, before entering upon his office, make and subscribe an oath or affirmation in the presence of the Chief Justice of India or, in his absence, the senior most Judge of the Supreme Court available.
[10] Which among the following is not true about Pressure Groups?
A.
Pressure Groups aim at capturing government.
B.
Pressure Groups aim at influencing the policies of the government.
C.
Pressure Groups articulates the interest of its group
D.
Pressure Ginup is characterised by homogeneity of interests.
Ans:
Pressure Groups aim at capturing government.
Explanation :
Interest group or pressure group is an association of individuals or organizations, usually organized, on the basis of one or more shared concerns. It attempts to influence public policy in its favour. Unseating government is not their goal.
[11] Which one of the following Bills must be passed by each House of the Indian parliament separately, by special majority?
A.
Ordinary Bill
B.
Money Bill
C.
Finance Bill
D.
Constitution Amendment Bill
Ans:
Constitution Amendment Bill
Explanation :
The Constitutional amendment bill must be passed by each house of the Indian Parliament separately by special majority.
[12] The quorum for Joint Sitting of the Indian Parliament is -
A.
One- twelveth of the total number of members of the House
B.
One-sixth of the total numbers of members of the House
C.
One-tenth of the total number of members of the House
D.
Two-third of the total number of members of the House
Ans:
One-tenth of the total number of members of the House
Explanation :
The quorum to constitute a joint sitting shall be one-tenth of the total number of members of the Houses.
[13] Identify the correct sequence of passing a Budget in the Parliament -
A.
Vote on Account, Finance Bill, Appropriation Bill Discussion on Budget
B.
Finance Bill, Appropriation Bill, Discussion on Budget, Vote on Accounts
C.
Discussion on Budget, Vote on Account, Finance Bill, Appropriation Bill
D.
Discussion on Budget, Appropriation Bill, Finance Bill, Vote on Account
Ans:
Discussion on Budget, Appropriation Bill, Finance Bill, Vote on Account
Explanation :
The correct sequence is, Discussion on Budget, Appropriation Bill, Finance Bill, Vote on Account.
[14] The function of a Protem Speaker is to -
A.
conduct the proceeding of the House in the absence of the Speaker
B.
officiate as Speaker when the Speaker is to be elected
C.
swear members and hold charge till a regular Speaker is elected
D.
scrutinize the authenticity of the election certificates of members
Ans:
swear members and hold charge till a regular Speaker is elected
Explanation :
Protem Speaker performs the duties of the office of the Speaker from the commencement of the sitting of the new Lok Sabha till the election of the Speaker. Protem speaker is mainly an operating and temporary speaker.
[15] Resources transferred from the Government of India to States are termed `statutory' if they are made –
A.
in the form of loans
B.
on the recommendations of the Planning Commission
C.
on the recommendations of the Finance Commission
D.
in the form of grants
Ans:
on the recommendations of the Finance Commission
Explanation :
In an explicit recognition of vertical and horizontal imbalances, the Indian Constitution embodies enabling and mandatory provisions to address them through the transfer of resources from the Centre to the States. Statutory grants-in-aid of the revenues of States are dealt in Article 275 of the Constitution. It is done on the basis of recommendation of the Finance Commission of India. Such grants are given to bring uniform level of economic prosperity among different states. They have to bring about uniform income and services and economic integration among the states.
[16] The political party which believes in Marxism-Leninism is —
A.
Nationalist Congress Party
B.
Communist Party of India
C.
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
D.
Bahuj an Samaj Party
Ans:
Communist Party of India
Explanation :
The CPI came into existence in 1964 as a result of the division of communist party of India. It is against capitalism and believes in socialism, democracy and secularism.
[17] What provision in the Constitution enabled the Central Government to impose the service tax and to expand its span?
A.
List I, Schedule VII
B.
List III, Schedule VII
C.
Residuary Powers under Article 248
D.
Emergency Powers
Ans:
Residuary Powers under Article 248
Explanation :
Under the Residuary powers of legislation enumerated in Article 248 of the Indian Constitution, Parliament has exclusive power to make any law with respect to any matter not enumerated in the Concurrent List or State List. Such power shall include the power of making any law imposing a tax not mentioned in either of those Lists.
[18] Which of the following sets of Articles deals with `Emergency Provisions'?
A.
Articles 32 and 226
B.
Articles 350 and 351
C.
Articles 352, 356 and 360
D.
Articles 335, 336 and 337
Ans:
Articles 352, 356 and 360
Explanation :
The Emergency Provisions are mentioned from Article 352 to Article 360 of the Indian Constitution. Article 352: Proclamation of Emergency - due to external intrusion or war; Article 356: Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States; and Article 360: Provisions as to financial emergency.
[19] Which among the following legislation gives constitutional status to three-tier Panchayati Raj system?
A.
72nd constitutional amendment, 1992
B.
73rd constitutional amendment, 1993
C.
74th constitutional amendment, 1993
D.
75th constitutional amendment, 1994
Ans:
73rd constitutional amendment, 1993
Explanation :
The philosophy of Panchayat Raj is deeply steeped in tradition and culture of rural India and is by no means a new concept. Panchayati Raj provided a system of self-governance at the village level, however, it did not have a constitutional status. April 24, 1993 is a red-letter day in the history of Panchayati. Raj in India as on this day the constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992 came into force to provide constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj institutions.
[20] What is the tenure of the Chief Election Commissioner of India?
A.
Five years
B.
During the ‘pleasure’ of the President
C.
Six years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
D.
Five years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
Ans:
Six years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
Explanation :
The tenure of the Chief Election Commissioner of India is six years or till the age of 65 year whichever is earlier.
[21] Who among the following determines the authority who shall readjust the allocation of seats in the Lok Sabha to the states and division of each State into territorial constituencies?
A.
The President of India
B.
The Parliament of India
C.
The Chief Election Commissioner of India
D.
The Lok Sabha alone
Ans:
The Parliament of India
Explanation :
According to article 82 of Indian Constitution, the parliament of India shall readjust the allocation of seats in the Lok Sabha to the states and division of each state into territorial constituencies.
[22] Division of powers is the principle of –
A.
Unitary form of Government
B.
Federal form of Government
C.
Socialist form of Government
D.
Republican form of Government
Ans:
Federal form of Government
Explanation :
The separation of powers, often imprecisely used interchangeably with the trias politica principle, is a model for the governance of a state. The normal division of branches is into a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary. Division of powers is the often overlooked principle of dividing governmental power among the federal, state, and local governments.
[23] Who constitutes the Finance Commission after every five years?
A.
The Council of Ministers
B.
The Parliament
C.
The President
D.
The Comptroller and Auditor General
Ans:
The President
Explanation :
Article 280 of the Indian Constitution deals with the Finance Commission. The Finance Commission of India came into existence in 1951. It was established under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution by the President of India. It was formed to define the financial relations between the centre and the state.
[24] Members of the Union Public Service Commission can be removed by the–
A.
Parliament after a resolution adopted with 2/3rds majority
B.
President on a unani-mous recommendation from the Union Council of Ministers
C.
President on the basis of an inquiry and report by the Supreme Court
D.
President on recommendation from Central Administrative Tribunal
Ans:
President on the basis of an inquiry and report by the Supreme Court
Explanation :
Every member holds office for a term of six years or until he attains the age of sixty-five years, whichever is earlier. He can submit his resignation at any time to the President of India. He may be removed from his office by the President of India on the ground of misbehavior (only if an inquiry of such misbehavior is made and upheld by Supreme Court) or if he is adjudged insolvent, or engages during his term of office in any paid employment outside the duties of his office, or in the opinion of the President unfit to continue in office by reason of infirmity of mind or body.
[25] The Legislative Council in a State in India may be created or abolished by the-
A.
President on the recommendation of the Governor
B.
Parliament
C.
Parliament after the State Legislative Assembly passes a resolution to that effect.
D.
Governor on a recommendation by the State Cabinet
Ans:
Parliament after the State Legislative Assembly passes a resolution to that effect.
Explanation :
The Vidhan Parishad (or Legislative Council) is the upper house in those states of India that have a bicameral legislature. As of 2011, six (out of twenty-eight) states have a Legislative Council: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh. The existence of a Legislative Council has proven politically controversial. A number of states that have had their Council abolished have subsequently requested its reestablishment; conversely, proposals for the reestablishment of the Council for a state have also met with opposition. Proposals for abolition or reestablishment of a state’s Legislative Council require confirmation by the Parliament of India.
Explanation :
The Constitutional amendment bill must be passed by each house of the Indian Parliament separately by special majority.
[12] The quorum for Joint Sitting of the Indian Parliament is -
A.
One- twelveth of the total number of members of the House
B.
One-sixth of the total numbers of members of the House
C.
One-tenth of the total number of members of the House
D.
Two-third of the total number of members of the House
Ans:
One-tenth of the total number of members of the House
Explanation :
The quorum to constitute a joint sitting shall be one-tenth of the total number of members of the Houses.
[13] Identify the correct sequence of passing a Budget in the Parliament -
A.
Vote on Account, Finance Bill, Appropriation Bill Discussion on Budget
B.
Finance Bill, Appropriation Bill, Discussion on Budget, Vote on Accounts
C.
Discussion on Budget, Vote on Account, Finance Bill, Appropriation Bill
D.
Discussion on Budget, Appropriation Bill, Finance Bill, Vote on Account
Ans:
Discussion on Budget, Appropriation Bill, Finance Bill, Vote on Account
Explanation :
The correct sequence is, Discussion on Budget, Appropriation Bill, Finance Bill, Vote on Account.
[14] The function of a Protem Speaker is to -
A.
conduct the proceeding of the House in the absence of the Speaker
B.
officiate as Speaker when the Speaker is to be elected
C.
swear members and hold charge till a regular Speaker is elected
D.
scrutinize the authenticity of the election certificates of members
Ans:
swear members and hold charge till a regular Speaker is elected
Explanation :
Protem Speaker performs the duties of the office of the Speaker from the commencement of the sitting of the new Lok Sabha till the election of the Speaker. Protem speaker is mainly an operating and temporary speaker.
[15] Resources transferred from the Government of India to States are termed `statutory' if they are made –
A.
in the form of loans
B.
on the recommendations of the Planning Commission
C.
on the recommendations of the Finance Commission
D.
in the form of grants
Ans:
on the recommendations of the Finance Commission
Explanation :
In an explicit recognition of vertical and horizontal imbalances, the Indian Constitution embodies enabling and mandatory provisions to address them through the transfer of resources from the Centre to the States. Statutory grants-in-aid of the revenues of States are dealt in Article 275 of the Constitution. It is done on the basis of recommendation of the Finance Commission of India. Such grants are given to bring uniform level of economic prosperity among different states. They have to bring about uniform income and services and economic integration among the states.
[16] The political party which believes in Marxism-Leninism is —
A.
Nationalist Congress Party
B.
Communist Party of India
C.
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
D.
Bahuj an Samaj Party
Ans:
Communist Party of India
Explanation :
The CPI came into existence in 1964 as a result of the division of communist party of India. It is against capitalism and believes in socialism, democracy and secularism.
[17] What provision in the Constitution enabled the Central Government to impose the service tax and to expand its span?
A.
List I, Schedule VII
B.
List III, Schedule VII
C.
Residuary Powers under Article 248
D.
Emergency Powers
Ans:
Residuary Powers under Article 248
Explanation :
Under the Residuary powers of legislation enumerated in Article 248 of the Indian Constitution, Parliament has exclusive power to make any law with respect to any matter not enumerated in the Concurrent List or State List. Such power shall include the power of making any law imposing a tax not mentioned in either of those Lists.
[18] Which of the following sets of Articles deals with `Emergency Provisions'?
A.
Articles 32 and 226
B.
Articles 350 and 351
C.
Articles 352, 356 and 360
D.
Articles 335, 336 and 337
Ans:
Articles 352, 356 and 360
Explanation :
The Emergency Provisions are mentioned from Article 352 to Article 360 of the Indian Constitution. Article 352: Proclamation of Emergency - due to external intrusion or war; Article 356: Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States; and Article 360: Provisions as to financial emergency.
[19] Which among the following legislation gives constitutional status to three-tier Panchayati Raj system?
A.
72nd constitutional amendment, 1992
B.
73rd constitutional amendment, 1993
C.
74th constitutional amendment, 1993
D.
75th constitutional amendment, 1994
Ans:
73rd constitutional amendment, 1993
Explanation :
The philosophy of Panchayat Raj is deeply steeped in tradition and culture of rural India and is by no means a new concept. Panchayati Raj provided a system of self-governance at the village level, however, it did not have a constitutional status. April 24, 1993 is a red-letter day in the history of Panchayati. Raj in India as on this day the constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992 came into force to provide constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj institutions.
[20] What is the tenure of the Chief Election Commissioner of India?
A.
Five years
B.
During the ‘pleasure’ of the President
C.
Six years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
D.
Five years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
Ans:
Six years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
Explanation :
The tenure of the Chief Election Commissioner of India is six years or till the age of 65 year whichever is earlier.
[21] Who among the following determines the authority who shall readjust the allocation of seats in the Lok Sabha to the states and division of each State into territorial constituencies?
A.
The President of India
B.
The Parliament of India
C.
The Chief Election Commissioner of India
D.
The Lok Sabha alone
Ans:
The Parliament of India
Explanation :
According to article 82 of Indian Constitution, the parliament of India shall readjust the allocation of seats in the Lok Sabha to the states and division of each state into territorial constituencies.
[22] Division of powers is the principle of –
A.
Unitary form of Government
B.
Federal form of Government
C.
Socialist form of Government
D.
Republican form of Government
Ans:
Federal form of Government
Explanation :
The separation of powers, often imprecisely used interchangeably with the trias politica principle, is a model for the governance of a state. The normal division of branches is into a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary. Division of powers is the often overlooked principle of dividing governmental power among the federal, state, and local governments.
[23] Who constitutes the Finance Commission after every five years?
A.
The Council of Ministers
B.
The Parliament
C.
The President
D.
The Comptroller and Auditor General
Ans:
The President
Explanation :
Article 280 of the Indian Constitution deals with the Finance Commission. The Finance Commission of India came into existence in 1951. It was established under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution by the President of India. It was formed to define the financial relations between the centre and the state.
[24] Members of the Union Public Service Commission can be removed by the–
A.
Parliament after a resolution adopted with 2/3rds majority
B.
President on a unani-mous recommendation from the Union Council of Ministers
C.
President on the basis of an inquiry and report by the Supreme Court
D.
President on recommendation from Central Administrative Tribunal
Ans:
President on the basis of an inquiry and report by the Supreme Court
Explanation :
Every member holds office for a term of six years or until he attains the age of sixty-five years, whichever is earlier. He can submit his resignation at any time to the President of India. He may be removed from his office by the President of India on the ground of misbehavior (only if an inquiry of such misbehavior is made and upheld by Supreme Court) or if he is adjudged insolvent, or engages during his term of office in any paid employment outside the duties of his office, or in the opinion of the President unfit to continue in office by reason of infirmity of mind or body.
[25] The Legislative Council in a State in India may be created or abolished by the-
A.
President on the recommendation of the Governor
B.
Parliament
C.
Parliament after the State Legislative Assembly passes a resolution to that effect.
D.
Governor on a recommendation by the State Cabinet
Ans:
Parliament after the State Legislative Assembly passes a resolution to that effect.
Explanation :
The Vidhan Parishad (or Legislative Council) is the upper house in those states of India that have a bicameral legislature. As of 2011, six (out of twenty-eight) states have a Legislative Council: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh. The existence of a Legislative Council has proven politically controversial. A number of states that have had their Council abolished have subsequently requested its reestablishment; conversely, proposals for the reestablishment of the Council for a state have also met with opposition. Proposals for abolition or reestablishment of a state’s Legislative Council require confirmation by the Parliament of India.
Explanation :
The correct sequence is, Discussion on Budget, Appropriation Bill, Finance Bill, Vote on Account.
[14] The function of a Protem Speaker is to -
A.
conduct the proceeding of the House in the absence of the Speaker
B.
officiate as Speaker when the Speaker is to be elected
C.
swear members and hold charge till a regular Speaker is elected
D.
scrutinize the authenticity of the election certificates of members
Ans:
swear members and hold charge till a regular Speaker is elected
Explanation :
Protem Speaker performs the duties of the office of the Speaker from the commencement of the sitting of the new Lok Sabha till the election of the Speaker. Protem speaker is mainly an operating and temporary speaker.
[15] Resources transferred from the Government of India to States are termed `statutory' if they are made –
A.
in the form of loans
B.
on the recommendations of the Planning Commission
C.
on the recommendations of the Finance Commission
D.
in the form of grants
Ans:
on the recommendations of the Finance Commission
Explanation :
In an explicit recognition of vertical and horizontal imbalances, the Indian Constitution embodies enabling and mandatory provisions to address them through the transfer of resources from the Centre to the States. Statutory grants-in-aid of the revenues of States are dealt in Article 275 of the Constitution. It is done on the basis of recommendation of the Finance Commission of India. Such grants are given to bring uniform level of economic prosperity among different states. They have to bring about uniform income and services and economic integration among the states.
[16] The political party which believes in Marxism-Leninism is —
A.
Nationalist Congress Party
B.
Communist Party of India
C.
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
D.
Bahuj an Samaj Party
Ans:
Communist Party of India
Explanation :
The CPI came into existence in 1964 as a result of the division of communist party of India. It is against capitalism and believes in socialism, democracy and secularism.
[17] What provision in the Constitution enabled the Central Government to impose the service tax and to expand its span?
A.
List I, Schedule VII
B.
List III, Schedule VII
C.
Residuary Powers under Article 248
D.
Emergency Powers
Ans:
Residuary Powers under Article 248
Explanation :
Under the Residuary powers of legislation enumerated in Article 248 of the Indian Constitution, Parliament has exclusive power to make any law with respect to any matter not enumerated in the Concurrent List or State List. Such power shall include the power of making any law imposing a tax not mentioned in either of those Lists.
[18] Which of the following sets of Articles deals with `Emergency Provisions'?
A.
Articles 32 and 226
B.
Articles 350 and 351
C.
Articles 352, 356 and 360
D.
Articles 335, 336 and 337
Ans:
Articles 352, 356 and 360
Explanation :
The Emergency Provisions are mentioned from Article 352 to Article 360 of the Indian Constitution. Article 352: Proclamation of Emergency - due to external intrusion or war; Article 356: Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States; and Article 360: Provisions as to financial emergency.
[19] Which among the following legislation gives constitutional status to three-tier Panchayati Raj system?
A.
72nd constitutional amendment, 1992
B.
73rd constitutional amendment, 1993
C.
74th constitutional amendment, 1993
D.
75th constitutional amendment, 1994
Ans:
73rd constitutional amendment, 1993
Explanation :
The philosophy of Panchayat Raj is deeply steeped in tradition and culture of rural India and is by no means a new concept. Panchayati Raj provided a system of self-governance at the village level, however, it did not have a constitutional status. April 24, 1993 is a red-letter day in the history of Panchayati. Raj in India as on this day the constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992 came into force to provide constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj institutions.
[20] What is the tenure of the Chief Election Commissioner of India?
A.
Five years
B.
During the ‘pleasure’ of the President
C.
Six years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
D.
Five years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
Ans:
Six years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
Explanation :
The tenure of the Chief Election Commissioner of India is six years or till the age of 65 year whichever is earlier.
[21] Who among the following determines the authority who shall readjust the allocation of seats in the Lok Sabha to the states and division of each State into territorial constituencies?
A.
The President of India
B.
The Parliament of India
C.
The Chief Election Commissioner of India
D.
The Lok Sabha alone
Ans:
The Parliament of India
Explanation :
According to article 82 of Indian Constitution, the parliament of India shall readjust the allocation of seats in the Lok Sabha to the states and division of each state into territorial constituencies.
[22] Division of powers is the principle of –
A.
Unitary form of Government
B.
Federal form of Government
C.
Socialist form of Government
D.
Republican form of Government
Ans:
Federal form of Government
Explanation :
The separation of powers, often imprecisely used interchangeably with the trias politica principle, is a model for the governance of a state. The normal division of branches is into a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary. Division of powers is the often overlooked principle of dividing governmental power among the federal, state, and local governments.
[23] Who constitutes the Finance Commission after every five years?
A.
The Council of Ministers
B.
The Parliament
C.
The President
D.
The Comptroller and Auditor General
Ans:
The President
Explanation :
Article 280 of the Indian Constitution deals with the Finance Commission. The Finance Commission of India came into existence in 1951. It was established under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution by the President of India. It was formed to define the financial relations between the centre and the state.
[24] Members of the Union Public Service Commission can be removed by the–
A.
Parliament after a resolution adopted with 2/3rds majority
B.
President on a unani-mous recommendation from the Union Council of Ministers
C.
President on the basis of an inquiry and report by the Supreme Court
D.
President on recommendation from Central Administrative Tribunal
Ans:
President on the basis of an inquiry and report by the Supreme Court
Explanation :
Every member holds office for a term of six years or until he attains the age of sixty-five years, whichever is earlier. He can submit his resignation at any time to the President of India. He may be removed from his office by the President of India on the ground of misbehavior (only if an inquiry of such misbehavior is made and upheld by Supreme Court) or if he is adjudged insolvent, or engages during his term of office in any paid employment outside the duties of his office, or in the opinion of the President unfit to continue in office by reason of infirmity of mind or body.
[25] The Legislative Council in a State in India may be created or abolished by the-
A.
President on the recommendation of the Governor
B.
Parliament
C.
Parliament after the State Legislative Assembly passes a resolution to that effect.
D.
Governor on a recommendation by the State Cabinet
Ans:
Parliament after the State Legislative Assembly passes a resolution to that effect.
Explanation :
The Vidhan Parishad (or Legislative Council) is the upper house in those states of India that have a bicameral legislature. As of 2011, six (out of twenty-eight) states have a Legislative Council: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh. The existence of a Legislative Council has proven politically controversial. A number of states that have had their Council abolished have subsequently requested its reestablishment; conversely, proposals for the reestablishment of the Council for a state have also met with opposition. Proposals for abolition or reestablishment of a state’s Legislative Council require confirmation by the Parliament of India.
Explanation :
In an explicit recognition of vertical and horizontal imbalances, the Indian Constitution embodies enabling and mandatory provisions to address them through the transfer of resources from the Centre to the States. Statutory grants-in-aid of the revenues of States are dealt in Article 275 of the Constitution. It is done on the basis of recommendation of the Finance Commission of India. Such grants are given to bring uniform level of economic prosperity among different states. They have to bring about uniform income and services and economic integration among the states.
[16] The political party which believes in Marxism-Leninism is —
A.
Nationalist Congress Party
B.
Communist Party of India
C.
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
D.
Bahuj an Samaj Party
Ans:
Communist Party of India
Explanation :
The CPI came into existence in 1964 as a result of the division of communist party of India. It is against capitalism and believes in socialism, democracy and secularism.
[17] What provision in the Constitution enabled the Central Government to impose the service tax and to expand its span?
A.
List I, Schedule VII
B.
List III, Schedule VII
C.
Residuary Powers under Article 248
D.
Emergency Powers
Ans:
Residuary Powers under Article 248
Explanation :
Under the Residuary powers of legislation enumerated in Article 248 of the Indian Constitution, Parliament has exclusive power to make any law with respect to any matter not enumerated in the Concurrent List or State List. Such power shall include the power of making any law imposing a tax not mentioned in either of those Lists.
[18] Which of the following sets of Articles deals with `Emergency Provisions'?
A.
Articles 32 and 226
B.
Articles 350 and 351
C.
Articles 352, 356 and 360
D.
Articles 335, 336 and 337
Ans:
Articles 352, 356 and 360
Explanation :
The Emergency Provisions are mentioned from Article 352 to Article 360 of the Indian Constitution. Article 352: Proclamation of Emergency - due to external intrusion or war; Article 356: Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States; and Article 360: Provisions as to financial emergency.
[19] Which among the following legislation gives constitutional status to three-tier Panchayati Raj system?
A.
72nd constitutional amendment, 1992
B.
73rd constitutional amendment, 1993
C.
74th constitutional amendment, 1993
D.
75th constitutional amendment, 1994
Ans:
73rd constitutional amendment, 1993
Explanation :
The philosophy of Panchayat Raj is deeply steeped in tradition and culture of rural India and is by no means a new concept. Panchayati Raj provided a system of self-governance at the village level, however, it did not have a constitutional status. April 24, 1993 is a red-letter day in the history of Panchayati. Raj in India as on this day the constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992 came into force to provide constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj institutions.
[20] What is the tenure of the Chief Election Commissioner of India?
A.
Five years
B.
During the ‘pleasure’ of the President
C.
Six years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
D.
Five years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
Ans:
Six years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
Explanation :
The tenure of the Chief Election Commissioner of India is six years or till the age of 65 year whichever is earlier.
[21] Who among the following determines the authority who shall readjust the allocation of seats in the Lok Sabha to the states and division of each State into territorial constituencies?
A.
The President of India
B.
The Parliament of India
C.
The Chief Election Commissioner of India
D.
The Lok Sabha alone
Ans:
The Parliament of India
Explanation :
According to article 82 of Indian Constitution, the parliament of India shall readjust the allocation of seats in the Lok Sabha to the states and division of each state into territorial constituencies.
[22] Division of powers is the principle of –
A.
Unitary form of Government
B.
Federal form of Government
C.
Socialist form of Government
D.
Republican form of Government
Ans:
Federal form of Government
Explanation :
The separation of powers, often imprecisely used interchangeably with the trias politica principle, is a model for the governance of a state. The normal division of branches is into a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary. Division of powers is the often overlooked principle of dividing governmental power among the federal, state, and local governments.
[23] Who constitutes the Finance Commission after every five years?
A.
The Council of Ministers
B.
The Parliament
C.
The President
D.
The Comptroller and Auditor General
Ans:
The President
Explanation :
Article 280 of the Indian Constitution deals with the Finance Commission. The Finance Commission of India came into existence in 1951. It was established under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution by the President of India. It was formed to define the financial relations between the centre and the state.
[24] Members of the Union Public Service Commission can be removed by the–
A.
Parliament after a resolution adopted with 2/3rds majority
B.
President on a unani-mous recommendation from the Union Council of Ministers
C.
President on the basis of an inquiry and report by the Supreme Court
D.
President on recommendation from Central Administrative Tribunal
Ans:
President on the basis of an inquiry and report by the Supreme Court
Explanation :
Every member holds office for a term of six years or until he attains the age of sixty-five years, whichever is earlier. He can submit his resignation at any time to the President of India. He may be removed from his office by the President of India on the ground of misbehavior (only if an inquiry of such misbehavior is made and upheld by Supreme Court) or if he is adjudged insolvent, or engages during his term of office in any paid employment outside the duties of his office, or in the opinion of the President unfit to continue in office by reason of infirmity of mind or body.
[25] The Legislative Council in a State in India may be created or abolished by the-
A.
President on the recommendation of the Governor
B.
Parliament
C.
Parliament after the State Legislative Assembly passes a resolution to that effect.
D.
Governor on a recommendation by the State Cabinet
Ans:
Parliament after the State Legislative Assembly passes a resolution to that effect.
Explanation :
The Vidhan Parishad (or Legislative Council) is the upper house in those states of India that have a bicameral legislature. As of 2011, six (out of twenty-eight) states have a Legislative Council: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh. The existence of a Legislative Council has proven politically controversial. A number of states that have had their Council abolished have subsequently requested its reestablishment; conversely, proposals for the reestablishment of the Council for a state have also met with opposition. Proposals for abolition or reestablishment of a state’s Legislative Council require confirmation by the Parliament of India.
Explanation :
Under the Residuary powers of legislation enumerated in Article 248 of the Indian Constitution, Parliament has exclusive power to make any law with respect to any matter not enumerated in the Concurrent List or State List. Such power shall include the power of making any law imposing a tax not mentioned in either of those Lists.
[18] Which of the following sets of Articles deals with `Emergency Provisions'?
A.
Articles 32 and 226
B.
Articles 350 and 351
C.
Articles 352, 356 and 360
D.
Articles 335, 336 and 337
Ans:
Articles 352, 356 and 360
Explanation :
The Emergency Provisions are mentioned from Article 352 to Article 360 of the Indian Constitution. Article 352: Proclamation of Emergency - due to external intrusion or war; Article 356: Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States; and Article 360: Provisions as to financial emergency.
[19] Which among the following legislation gives constitutional status to three-tier Panchayati Raj system?
A.
72nd constitutional amendment, 1992
B.
73rd constitutional amendment, 1993
C.
74th constitutional amendment, 1993
D.
75th constitutional amendment, 1994
Ans:
73rd constitutional amendment, 1993
Explanation :
The philosophy of Panchayat Raj is deeply steeped in tradition and culture of rural India and is by no means a new concept. Panchayati Raj provided a system of self-governance at the village level, however, it did not have a constitutional status. April 24, 1993 is a red-letter day in the history of Panchayati. Raj in India as on this day the constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992 came into force to provide constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj institutions.
[20] What is the tenure of the Chief Election Commissioner of India?
A.
Five years
B.
During the ‘pleasure’ of the President
C.
Six years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
D.
Five years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
Ans:
Six years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
Explanation :
The tenure of the Chief Election Commissioner of India is six years or till the age of 65 year whichever is earlier.
[21] Who among the following determines the authority who shall readjust the allocation of seats in the Lok Sabha to the states and division of each State into territorial constituencies?
A.
The President of India
B.
The Parliament of India
C.
The Chief Election Commissioner of India
D.
The Lok Sabha alone
Ans:
The Parliament of India
Explanation :
According to article 82 of Indian Constitution, the parliament of India shall readjust the allocation of seats in the Lok Sabha to the states and division of each state into territorial constituencies.
[22] Division of powers is the principle of –
A.
Unitary form of Government
B.
Federal form of Government
C.
Socialist form of Government
D.
Republican form of Government
Ans:
Federal form of Government
Explanation :
The separation of powers, often imprecisely used interchangeably with the trias politica principle, is a model for the governance of a state. The normal division of branches is into a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary. Division of powers is the often overlooked principle of dividing governmental power among the federal, state, and local governments.
[23] Who constitutes the Finance Commission after every five years?
A.
The Council of Ministers
B.
The Parliament
C.
The President
D.
The Comptroller and Auditor General
Ans:
The President
Explanation :
Article 280 of the Indian Constitution deals with the Finance Commission. The Finance Commission of India came into existence in 1951. It was established under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution by the President of India. It was formed to define the financial relations between the centre and the state.
[24] Members of the Union Public Service Commission can be removed by the–
A.
Parliament after a resolution adopted with 2/3rds majority
B.
President on a unani-mous recommendation from the Union Council of Ministers
C.
President on the basis of an inquiry and report by the Supreme Court
D.
President on recommendation from Central Administrative Tribunal
Ans:
President on the basis of an inquiry and report by the Supreme Court
Explanation :
Every member holds office for a term of six years or until he attains the age of sixty-five years, whichever is earlier. He can submit his resignation at any time to the President of India. He may be removed from his office by the President of India on the ground of misbehavior (only if an inquiry of such misbehavior is made and upheld by Supreme Court) or if he is adjudged insolvent, or engages during his term of office in any paid employment outside the duties of his office, or in the opinion of the President unfit to continue in office by reason of infirmity of mind or body.
[25] The Legislative Council in a State in India may be created or abolished by the-
A.
President on the recommendation of the Governor
B.
Parliament
C.
Parliament after the State Legislative Assembly passes a resolution to that effect.
D.
Governor on a recommendation by the State Cabinet
Ans:
Parliament after the State Legislative Assembly passes a resolution to that effect.
Explanation :
The Vidhan Parishad (or Legislative Council) is the upper house in those states of India that have a bicameral legislature. As of 2011, six (out of twenty-eight) states have a Legislative Council: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh. The existence of a Legislative Council has proven politically controversial. A number of states that have had their Council abolished have subsequently requested its reestablishment; conversely, proposals for the reestablishment of the Council for a state have also met with opposition. Proposals for abolition or reestablishment of a state’s Legislative Council require confirmation by the Parliament of India.
Explanation :
The philosophy of Panchayat Raj is deeply steeped in tradition and culture of rural India and is by no means a new concept. Panchayati Raj provided a system of self-governance at the village level, however, it did not have a constitutional status. April 24, 1993 is a red-letter day in the history of Panchayati. Raj in India as on this day the constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992 came into force to provide constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj institutions.
[20] What is the tenure of the Chief Election Commissioner of India?
A.
Five years
B.
During the ‘pleasure’ of the President
C.
Six years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
D.
Five years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
Ans:
Six years or till the age of 65 years whichever is earlier
Explanation :
The tenure of the Chief Election Commissioner of India is six years or till the age of 65 year whichever is earlier.
[21] Who among the following determines the authority who shall readjust the allocation of seats in the Lok Sabha to the states and division of each State into territorial constituencies?
A.
The President of India
B.
The Parliament of India
C.
The Chief Election Commissioner of India
D.
The Lok Sabha alone
Ans:
The Parliament of India
Explanation :
According to article 82 of Indian Constitution, the parliament of India shall readjust the allocation of seats in the Lok Sabha to the states and division of each state into territorial constituencies.
[22] Division of powers is the principle of –
A.
Unitary form of Government
B.
Federal form of Government
C.
Socialist form of Government
D.
Republican form of Government
Ans:
Federal form of Government
Explanation :
The separation of powers, often imprecisely used interchangeably with the trias politica principle, is a model for the governance of a state. The normal division of branches is into a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary. Division of powers is the often overlooked principle of dividing governmental power among the federal, state, and local governments.
[23] Who constitutes the Finance Commission after every five years?
A.
The Council of Ministers
B.
The Parliament
C.
The President
D.
The Comptroller and Auditor General
Ans:
The President
Explanation :
Article 280 of the Indian Constitution deals with the Finance Commission. The Finance Commission of India came into existence in 1951. It was established under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution by the President of India. It was formed to define the financial relations between the centre and the state.
[24] Members of the Union Public Service Commission can be removed by the–
A.
Parliament after a resolution adopted with 2/3rds majority
B.
President on a unani-mous recommendation from the Union Council of Ministers
C.
President on the basis of an inquiry and report by the Supreme Court
D.
President on recommendation from Central Administrative Tribunal
Ans:
President on the basis of an inquiry and report by the Supreme Court
Explanation :
Every member holds office for a term of six years or until he attains the age of sixty-five years, whichever is earlier. He can submit his resignation at any time to the President of India. He may be removed from his office by the President of India on the ground of misbehavior (only if an inquiry of such misbehavior is made and upheld by Supreme Court) or if he is adjudged insolvent, or engages during his term of office in any paid employment outside the duties of his office, or in the opinion of the President unfit to continue in office by reason of infirmity of mind or body.
[25] The Legislative Council in a State in India may be created or abolished by the-
A.
President on the recommendation of the Governor
B.
Parliament
C.
Parliament after the State Legislative Assembly passes a resolution to that effect.
D.
Governor on a recommendation by the State Cabinet
Ans:
Parliament after the State Legislative Assembly passes a resolution to that effect.
Explanation :
The Vidhan Parishad (or Legislative Council) is the upper house in those states of India that have a bicameral legislature. As of 2011, six (out of twenty-eight) states have a Legislative Council: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh. The existence of a Legislative Council has proven politically controversial. A number of states that have had their Council abolished have subsequently requested its reestablishment; conversely, proposals for the reestablishment of the Council for a state have also met with opposition. Proposals for abolition or reestablishment of a state’s Legislative Council require confirmation by the Parliament of India.
Explanation :
According to article 82 of Indian Constitution, the parliament of India shall readjust the allocation of seats in the Lok Sabha to the states and division of each state into territorial constituencies.
[22] Division of powers is the principle of –
A.
Unitary form of Government
B.
Federal form of Government
C.
Socialist form of Government
D.
Republican form of Government
Ans:
Federal form of Government
Explanation :
The separation of powers, often imprecisely used interchangeably with the trias politica principle, is a model for the governance of a state. The normal division of branches is into a legislature, an executive, and a judiciary. Division of powers is the often overlooked principle of dividing governmental power among the federal, state, and local governments.
[23] Who constitutes the Finance Commission after every five years?
A.
The Council of Ministers
B.
The Parliament
C.
The President
D.
The Comptroller and Auditor General
Ans:
The President
Explanation :
Article 280 of the Indian Constitution deals with the Finance Commission. The Finance Commission of India came into existence in 1951. It was established under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution by the President of India. It was formed to define the financial relations between the centre and the state.
[24] Members of the Union Public Service Commission can be removed by the–
A.
Parliament after a resolution adopted with 2/3rds majority
B.
President on a unani-mous recommendation from the Union Council of Ministers
C.
President on the basis of an inquiry and report by the Supreme Court
D.
President on recommendation from Central Administrative Tribunal
Ans:
President on the basis of an inquiry and report by the Supreme Court
Explanation :
Every member holds office for a term of six years or until he attains the age of sixty-five years, whichever is earlier. He can submit his resignation at any time to the President of India. He may be removed from his office by the President of India on the ground of misbehavior (only if an inquiry of such misbehavior is made and upheld by Supreme Court) or if he is adjudged insolvent, or engages during his term of office in any paid employment outside the duties of his office, or in the opinion of the President unfit to continue in office by reason of infirmity of mind or body.
[25] The Legislative Council in a State in India may be created or abolished by the-
A.
President on the recommendation of the Governor
B.
Parliament
C.
Parliament after the State Legislative Assembly passes a resolution to that effect.
D.
Governor on a recommendation by the State Cabinet
Ans:
Parliament after the State Legislative Assembly passes a resolution to that effect.
Explanation :
The Vidhan Parishad (or Legislative Council) is the upper house in those states of India that have a bicameral legislature. As of 2011, six (out of twenty-eight) states have a Legislative Council: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh. The existence of a Legislative Council has proven politically controversial. A number of states that have had their Council abolished have subsequently requested its reestablishment; conversely, proposals for the reestablishment of the Council for a state have also met with opposition. Proposals for abolition or reestablishment of a state’s Legislative Council require confirmation by the Parliament of India.
Explanation :
Article 280 of the Indian Constitution deals with the Finance Commission. The Finance Commission of India came into existence in 1951. It was established under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution by the President of India. It was formed to define the financial relations between the centre and the state.
[24] Members of the Union Public Service Commission can be removed by the–
A.
Parliament after a resolution adopted with 2/3rds majority
B.
President on a unani-mous recommendation from the Union Council of Ministers
C.
President on the basis of an inquiry and report by the Supreme Court
D.
President on recommendation from Central Administrative Tribunal
Ans:
President on the basis of an inquiry and report by the Supreme Court
Explanation :
Every member holds office for a term of six years or until he attains the age of sixty-five years, whichever is earlier. He can submit his resignation at any time to the President of India. He may be removed from his office by the President of India on the ground of misbehavior (only if an inquiry of such misbehavior is made and upheld by Supreme Court) or if he is adjudged insolvent, or engages during his term of office in any paid employment outside the duties of his office, or in the opinion of the President unfit to continue in office by reason of infirmity of mind or body.
[25] The Legislative Council in a State in India may be created or abolished by the-
A.
President on the recommendation of the Governor
B.
Parliament
C.
Parliament after the State Legislative Assembly passes a resolution to that effect.
D.
Governor on a recommendation by the State Cabinet
Ans:
Parliament after the State Legislative Assembly passes a resolution to that effect.
Explanation :
The Vidhan Parishad (or Legislative Council) is the upper house in those states of India that have a bicameral legislature. As of 2011, six (out of twenty-eight) states have a Legislative Council: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh. The existence of a Legislative Council has proven politically controversial. A number of states that have had their Council abolished have subsequently requested its reestablishment; conversely, proposals for the reestablishment of the Council for a state have also met with opposition. Proposals for abolition or reestablishment of a state’s Legislative Council require confirmation by the Parliament of India.
Explanation :
The Vidhan Parishad (or Legislative Council) is the upper house in those states of India that have a bicameral legislature. As of 2011, six (out of twenty-eight) states have a Legislative Council: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh. The existence of a Legislative Council has proven politically controversial. A number of states that have had their Council abolished have subsequently requested its reestablishment; conversely, proposals for the reestablishment of the Council for a state have also met with opposition. Proposals for abolition or reestablishment of a state’s Legislative Council require confirmation by the Parliament of India.